CCTV News:According to the National Development and Reform Commission’s WeChat WeChat official account news, in order to implement the relevant requirements of the Announcement on Curbing "Sky-high-priced moon cakes and promoting the healthy development of the industry" (hereinafter referred to as the Announcement), recently, local development and reform departments have acted quickly, and together with the departments of industry and information technology, commerce and market supervision, they have continued to carry out policy publicity, market inspections, reminders and warnings, and urged rectification to resolutely curb "sky-high-priced moon cakes".

The first is to strengthen policy publicity. Shanghai carried out multi-channel publicity on moon cake market supervision policies, held a publicity meeting on key enterprise policies, and publicized the requirements of the Announcement to nearly 300 member units through industry associations. Shanxi Province strengthened the publicity and interpretation of relevant policies and organized moon cake production enterprises to hold quality and safety commitment activities. Jilin Province deployed key cities to strengthen the policy propaganda, supervision and guidance for moon cake sales enterprises, and made clear the relevant requirements.

The second is to strengthen market inspections. Beijing conducts inspections of the moon cake market throughout the city, and arranges special personnel to regularly monitor the sales price of moon cakes on online platforms. Chongqing selected more than 80 hotels, restaurants, supermarkets, etc. as price monitoring points to continuously monitor the market price of moon cakes. Tianjin has stepped up market inspections, and handed over some clues found in supermarkets and specialty stores about mooncake gift boxes whose unit price exceeds that of 500 yuan, as well as tying mooncakes with tea and liquor, to relevant departments for verification and investigation.

The third is to remind and warn in time. Jiangsu Province has launched a special rectification campaign on the problems of "sky-high" moon cakes and over-packaging of commodities, conducted special inspections on the whole process of production, processing and sales of moon cakes, and reminded relevant operators of policies by means of letters and interviews, urging operators to fulfill their price commitments and do a good job in price self-discipline. Shandong Province issued a reminder letter to the operators on the spot during the market inspection, prompting the behavior that violated the relevant requirements of the Announcement. Anhui Province organized relevant chambers of commerce and associations to hold a reminder meeting to give play to the guiding role of the industry and urge operators to consciously abide by the Announcement and relevant regulations.

The fourth is to strictly urge rectification. In response to media reports that some hotels were suspected of tying mooncake gift boxes, Fujian Province set up a law enforcement investigation team to conduct on-the-spot inspections at the hotels involved, and urged them to remove relevant products and advertisements, and make rectification as required. Hainan Province organized surprise inspections on catering enterprises, high-end hotels and large supermarkets selling moon cakes, focusing on checking whether the packaging meets the mandatory provisions in national standards, and whether there are any illegal acts such as mixing other commodities, exceeding the number of packaging layers, packaging with precious metals and mahogany materials, and exceeding the packaging cost. Guangdong Province and Shandong Province have investigated the boxed moon cakes whose unit price exceeds that of 500 yuan, and have urged merchants to remove some of them that do not meet the regulatory requirements.

Abstract: The modernization of education in China has always been a major strategic issue and strategic choice for the country’s development. The cognition and judgment of leaders in different periods on the reality of education have an important impact on the modernization of education. China’s educational modernization process has both successful experiences and mistakes. As far as Deng Xiaoping is concerned, he has made two important decisions on the enrollment method of colleges and universities. The first time was on June 13, 1966, according to the instructions of Mao Zedong, he made a decision with Liu Shaoqi to postpone the enrollment of colleges and universities and reform the enrollment examination method of colleges and universities. The second time was in September, 1977, when Deng Xiaoping pushed through the crowd and proposed to restore the higher education examination system, which was approved by the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee. The second decision not only produced a long-term human capital dividend, but also profoundly affected the process of educational modernization in China, laying the foundation for a modern educational system.

China is a country with the largest population in the world, but also a country lacking in human capital. From the perspective of national modernization, more population has become a heavy burden of economic development, and less human capital has become an important constraint of economic development. In this sense, a large population is not necessarily a good thing, unless the population burden is transformed into human resources wealth. [1] Therefore, China should take human capital as the first capital, human resources as the first resource, and invest in people and develop human resources as its basic national policy. China’s modernization is essentially human modernization, and human modernization is essentially the continuous expansion and accumulation of human resources or human capital stock, which has become an increasingly important source of economic development and constitutes the ultimate foundation of national wealth (material wealth, social wealth, cultural wealth and ecological wealth). [1] (P.174) Leaders’ understanding of China’s basic national conditions directly affects the decision-making of human capital investment and the process of human capital accumulation, which in turn will affect the long-term dividend of human capital to China’s modernization development. From the past decades, China has also experienced a historical process of success first, then twists and turns, and then success, and gradually realized the transformation from a heavy population burden to a powerful country in human resources or human capital in the world. China has become the world’s largest number of students in higher education.

First, from a big country with illiteracy to a big country with modern education

In modern times, China is not only a laggard and latecomer of world modernization, but also a laggard and latecomer of educational modernization. It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that modern education was introduced from the west and a national education system was established. By the time New China was founded in 1949, it had been about half a century. From the perspective of higher education, only 185,000 people in China had college education or above, accounting for 3.42% of the total population? . The number of college students in China is only 117,000. [2] At that time, about 80% of the people in the country were illiterate and semi-illiterate, and the average education period of the population over 15 years old was only 1.0 years, which was a big country full of illiteracy. ［3］

After the founding of New China, China began an unprecedented cultural construction, including "implementing universal education in a planned and step-by-step manner, strengthening secondary and higher education, and paying attention to technical education" [4].

By the mid-1960s, a relatively complete modern national education system had been established in China, and the level of human capital had been significantly improved. According to the data of the second national census in 1964, the illiteracy rate dropped to 32.3%, which was half as much as 80% in 1949. The population of junior college or above reached 2.875 million, 15.5 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth rate of 21.6% from 1949 to 1964. The average educational years of the population over 15 years old in China reached 2.6 years, equivalent to 2.6 times that of 1949. During 1949-1964, the average annual growth rate was 7.06%, which was much higher than the average annual growth rate of the total population (2.08%) in the same period. Even though higher education was seriously affected by the Great Leap Forward, the number of students in institutions of higher learning dropped from 962,000 in 1960 to 674,000 in 1965 [2] (P.483), which was still the first golden age for the development of modern education in China.

Although China’s modern national education, especially modern university education, has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable results, the basic national conditions of low level of human capital have not fundamentally changed. Compared with developed countries, in 1965, the average length of education of the population over 15 years old was 10 years in the United States, equivalent to 3.8 times that of China; It is 7.5 years in Japan, which is 2.9 times that of China. In particular, the population above junior college is quite scarce, accounting for only 0.416% of the total population (723 million people) in China. Proceeding from this basic national condition, it is necessary to continuously accelerate the modernization of national education, including the development of modern higher education.

Two, Mao Zedong from the reform of the education system to launch the "cultural revolution"

After 1965, Mao Zedong shifted the focus of "opposing and preventing revisionism" to how to prevent revisionism in the Communist Party of China (CPC), especially in the leading organs of the Party. [5] His judgment on academia and education has also changed. In March 1966, he said at the enlarged meeting in The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC): "Now, most universities, middle schools and primary schools are monopolized by people from the bourgeoisie, petty bourgeoisie and rich land." [6] On May 7 of the same year, he reiterated this view in his letter to Lin Biao. Therefore, Mao Zedong’s proposal to reform the education system is not to change the backward situation of modern education, but to change "the phenomenon of bourgeois intellectuals ruling schools".

In fact, Mao Zedong had put forward the idea of reforming the education system before this. In 1964, Mao Zedong proposed that the education system should be reformed. "You don’t know the class struggle. How can you be a college graduate?" [7] According to Mao Zedong’s instructions, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Notice on Organizing Liberal Arts Teachers and Students in Colleges and Universities to Participate in the Socialist Education Movement on September 11th of the same year.

Mao Zedong launched the "Cultural Revolution" with the educational front as an important breakthrough. On June 12th, 1966, Mao Zedong presided over the enlarged meeting of the CPC The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC). When talking about the "Cultural Revolution", he said: "First seize power, criticize authority, and then engage in teaching reform and educational system reform. The central government should establish a high school and university entrance examination system by combining school recommendation and selection. " [8] On June 13th, according to Mao Zedong’s instructions and under the auspices of Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued a notice, deciding to reform the entrance examination method for colleges and universities, calling the entrance examination method at that time "basically not jumping out of the bourgeois examination system", and decided to postpone the entrance examination for colleges and universities for half a year in 1966. In fact, it is to suspend classes for half a year for college students nationwide to engage in the "Cultural Revolution" movement.

On June 18th, People’s Daily published the decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, and published an editorial entitled "Do a good job in the cultural revolution thoroughly and reform the education system thoroughly". The editorial said: "The old entrance examination system has become a stumbling block to the cause of socialist education and the great proletarian cultural revolution." On June 27th, the Ministry of Higher Education issued a notice that the enrollment of graduate students in 1966 and 1967 was suspended. ［9］

On July 24th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Notice on the Reform of Enrollment in Colleges and Universities. The circular pointed out that since liberation, although the methods of college entrance examination have been continuously improved, they have basically not jumped out of the bourgeois examination system. Decided to cancel the exam and adopt a combination of recommendation and selection. This became the method of university enrollment in the early 1970s.

However, once the "Cultural Revolution" is launched, it is difficult to proceed according to the wishes of the initiators and leaders, and it is often "the opposite direction". First, "suspension of classes and revolting" (June 1966), the enrollment of colleges and universities was stopped; Then there was "resumption of classes and revolting" (early 1967); Then, the workers’ propaganda team and the military propaganda team were assigned to colleges and universities to disperse the Red Guards (August 1968); Mobilizing junior and senior high school graduates to go to the countryside (December, 1968) was actually a way of forcibly mobilizing a large number of urban educated youth to go to the countryside, which led to the biggest interruption of human capital investment and accumulation since the founding of New China.

Third, the "Cultural Revolution" loss of human capital

The impact, interruption and even long-term impact of the "Cultural Revolution" on the accumulation process of high human capital (mainly refers to the population with college education or above) and medium human capital (refers to the population with secondary college education) was called "the biggest loss" by Deng Xiaoping, which delayed a generation.

The university stopped enrolling students for four years, and the number of students in the university dropped significantly (see attached table). It is conservatively estimated that during the "Cultural Revolution", if 1965 is taken as the base, tens of thousands of graduate students, 1 million college graduates and 2 million secondary school graduates were less trained nationwide. The actual number may be even larger, because the enrollment rate of universities or high schools in China is much lower than that of countries with the same income level. In 1979, after the college entrance examination was resumed for three consecutive years, the university enrollment rate in China was only 1.2%, which was only half of the average of other low-income countries and only a quarter of the average of developing countries. [10] In addition, the recruitment of overseas students was stopped for six years (from 1966 to 1971).

Secondary school education has also been severely impacted, with the number of students enrolled dropping, even stopping enrolling, and the number of students in school dropping sharply. In 1979, the total number of students in vocational and technical schools was only 1.4 million, far below the level in 1965; The number of students in vocational and technical schools accounts for 2.4% of the total number of students in all secondary schools, far below the average of 11% in developing countries. Part of the result of this situation is that in 1979, only 0.5% of the workforce received higher education, and only 0.9% received secondary technical or vocational education (many of them were teachers). ［10］（pp.92，93）

On October 22, 1977, when Deng Xiaoping met with a delegation from the Korean Central News Agency, he said that the Gang of Four had caused great damage in various fields, and the most damaged areas were education, science and technology. The destruction of education is not reading, which makes the scientific research team lack successors. [11] This is why Deng Xiaoping changed the original enrollment plan of colleges and universities and advocated the restoration of the unified examination system for college enrollment.

Fourth, Deng Xiaoping: Take the education front as the breakthrough of reform and opening up.

Deng Xiaoping promotes reform and opening up, and also chooses the education front as a breakthrough.

On the question of whether to restore the unified examination system for college enrollment, the focus of debate is whether to continue along the so-called "Cultural Revolution" or turn to the normal entrance examination practice that conforms to the laws and characteristics of modern education development. This is not only a dispute about the route, but also a dispute about the basic common sense of human capital investment, and it is also a livelihood event involving thousands of families. Only through social practice can we distinguish right from wrong.

As early as 1975, faced with many obstacles, Deng Xiaoping proposed to let the army take the lead and set up a National University of Defense Technology in the army to recruit students directly from high schools. On May 24, 1977, Deng Xiaoping, who had not yet officially returned, told Wang Zhen and Deng Liqun that Japan had paid attention to science and technology and education since the Meiji Restoration, and spent a lot of effort. Meiji Restoration is a reform carried out by Japan’s new bourgeoisie. As the proletariat, we should do better than them. He clearly pointed out that scientific research must be accompanied by education. He specifically mentioned that it is necessary to pass strict examinations and concentrate the best people in key middle schools and universities. He also said that if he comes out to work and is in charge of science, technology and education, he hopes that from now on, starting from primary school, he will see small results in five years, see results in 10 years, and see great results in 15 years and 20 years. ［12］

Under the direct leadership of Deng Xiaoping, the Ministry of Education has greatly improved the enrollment system of colleges and universities, changed the practice of not taking exams during the "Cultural Revolution", and resumed the method of unified examination and merit-based admission.

From June 29th to July 15th, the Ministry of Education held the first symposium on college enrollment, which discussed and solved some problems such as the qualifications of students taking the college entrance examination, and put forward the enrollment plan for colleges and universities.

On July 23, Deng Xiaoping said: "Education should walk on two legs and have a focus. Universities should recruit students from workers, peasants and soldiers, and key schools can recruit students from fresh high school graduates. " [11] (P.165) He also said, "No matter how many college students you recruit, you must take the exam. If you fail the exam, you can’t take it. My children can’t pass the exam, and they can’t go through the back door. " ［13］

On July 29th, Deng Xiaoping talked about education with Fang Yi and Liu Xiyao, and proposed that "a number of key universities should be grasped, which are the centers of education and scientific research". He also proposed, "There are several issues to consider: First, whether to abolish the practice that high school graduates have to work for two years before they can go to college? Second, we must adhere to the examination system, and key schools must insist on failing to repeat grades. We should have a clear attitude towards this. Third, we should make a report outline and put forward principles, policies and measures. The relationship between education and scientific research is very close. We should pay close attention to it, start with education, and have specific measures, otherwise it will be an empty gun. " [11] (P.167) At that time, this decision caused great controversy. On August 1st, Deng Xiaoping, Fang Yi and Liu Xiyao talked about education again. He pointed out that education should be run on two legs, and schools can take various forms. The overall goal is to train a group of people as soon as possible. The fundamental plan is to start with education and primary schools, otherwise catching up will become empty talk. The number of key schools should not be too small, so we should start to designate them immediately. Walk on two legs, but with emphasis. Key universities recruit students directly from high school graduates. When compiling teaching materials, we must absorb advanced things from the world and make foreign things serve China, especially in natural science. From the beginning of teaching the most advanced things, students will be inspired to develop in a broader and deeper direction, which is promising. [11] (pp. 168 ~ 169) He also said that for those young intellectuals who have reached a higher level through self-study,It is necessary to study how and how to select them back. There are thousands of such people, so we should pay great attention to them, cherish them and do everything possible to recruit them back to college or graduate school. ［14］

On August 6th, Deng Xiaoping presided over a symposium on science and education. He proposed: "The new education system will be implemented from next year. To make preparations this year, we should determine the academic system, teaching materials, teachers, students’ sources, enrollment system, examination system and assessment system, and do a good job. Don’t make frequent changes after doing a good job. Of course, small changes are still possible. " He proposed, "Take back the original enrollment report and rewrite it according to everyone’s opinions. Enrollment involves millions of young people who go to the countryside. We should come up with a way to select outstanding talents without causing fluctuations. Key schools should recruit students in a unified way. This year, I am determined to enroll students as required, and the students recruited must meet the requirements. " ［11］（pp.175，176）

On August 8th, Deng Xiaoping firmly stated that this year, he would make up his mind to resume accepting students directly from high school graduates and stop making recommendations from the masses. Recruiting students directly from senior high school is a good way to produce talents and results early. ［11］（p.179）

From 17 August to 25 September, the Ministry of Education held another national conference on enrollment in Beijing Friendship Hotel. The enrollment targets determined by this conference were: workers, peasants, educated youths who went to the countryside and returned to their hometowns (including those who have not been assigned jobs according to the policy), demobilized soldiers, cadres and fresh high school graduates, aged about 20, but not more than 25, unmarried. Those who are rich in practical experience and have made achievements or have expertise in research can be relaxed to 30 years old, regardless of their marriage. ［15］

On August 18th, Deng Xiaoping reviewed and agreed to the "Request for Instructions on Delaying Enrollment and Freshmen’s Opening Time" submitted by the Ministry of Education. The report stated that colleges and secondary specialized schools had planned to start enrolling students in August and freshmen would start school in mid-November. According to Vice Chairman Deng’s instructions, we will greatly improve the enrollment system of colleges and universities, and the enrollment time will be postponed to the fourth quarter. Freshmen in 1977 will enter school before the end of February next year (referring to 1978), which will be postponed for three months (including winter vacation). ［11］（p.185）

On September 25th, the National Conference on Enrollment of Colleges and Universities decided to change the practice of not taking exams during the "Cultural Revolution" and restore the method of unified examination and merit-based admission. ［11］（p.185）

In 1977, the college entrance examination was postponed to the fourth quarter. In December, about 5.7 million young people in China took the entrance examination for colleges and universities. The candidates were graduates from 1966 to 1977, aged between 15 and 16 and in their thirties. Colleges and universities selected 273,000 students, and the admission rate was the lowest since the founding of New China, only 4.8%. The freshmen were admitted around February 1978. ［16］

In July 1978, another 6.1 million people took the second national college entrance examination. Two recruitment examinations with a total of more than 11.8 million people set a record in the history of higher education examinations in China and even the world. [17] This fully reflects the strong desire of this generation to go to school, to be knowledgeable, and to change their own destiny. They finally got the chance to make their own choices.

This is Deng Xiaoping’s first major decision after his comeback. It took only a few months from putting forward the idea (May 1977) to making a decision (October 1977) and then implementing it (December 1977). A year later, at the end of 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that the major decision of reform and opening up was the second largest decision. The author calls this first major decision the "seed" of reform and opening-up. It was Deng Xiaoping’s decision to resume the college entrance examination, which planted the "seed" of human capital for China’s modernization, and achieved the situation of "taking root, flowering and bearing fruit" in the later reform and opening-up.

In 1982, when college students of Grade 7-7 and Grade 7-8 graduated, there were about 6.1 million people with college education, accounting for only 0.615% of the total population. By 2013, there will be about 130 million people with college degree or above in China, accounting for 9.6% of the total population, which has surpassed the total population of Japan (127 million)!

Six, resume the recruitment of graduate students, establish a degree system with China characteristics.

In 1978, it was the first year that China resumed the postgraduate system.

On August 4, 1977, Deng Xiaoping proposed that those young intellectuals who went to the countryside to reach a higher level through self-study should do everything possible to find them to come back to college or become graduate students. He also specifically mentioned that in a few years, universities should focus on training graduate students, so that researchers can grow rapidly. This is a matter of policy, so that people can get out faster. I believe that Chinese is smart and will produce a lot of talents. [11] (p.173) This shows that Deng Xiaoping is very clear that the cultivation of high-end talents needs to start with the cultivation of graduate students.

It was under the direct impetus of Deng Xiaoping that in January 1978, the Ministry of Education and the State Planning Commission formulated the national postgraduate enrollment plan. [11] (p.255) On February 28th, China Academy of Social Sciences decided to recruit graduate students for the whole country. In that year, more than 10,500 graduate students were enrolled in China. This figure is close to the total number of graduate students trained in the 17 years before the "Cultural Revolution" (referring to 1949-1966). ［16］（pp.107,193）

While recruiting college students and graduate students in an all-round way, Deng Xiaoping and others have encountered new problems. As a modern university education, should we implement a degree system? If the degree system is to be implemented, what kind of degree system will be adopted? Which system can better represent the world trend?

Implementing the degree system is an important institutional arrangement for a country to train high-level talents, and it is also a basic system generally adopted by modern countries. There are different models and practices in the world: one is the three-level degree system generally adopted by western countries, that is, the establishment of bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees. In April 1935, China introduced and imitated the degree system implemented in the United States. By the time New China was founded in 1949, more than 200 people had obtained master’s degrees. The other is the two-level degree system adopted by the Soviet Union, that is, there are only doctoral and associate doctoral degrees, and there are no undergraduate degrees. Due to the influence of the Soviet higher education system after the founding of New China, the three-level degree system in western countries was no longer adopted, and only postgraduate education was implemented. Postgraduates were enrolled in 1950, and by 1965, more than 22,700 people had been enrolled.

From 1961 to 1964, the academic degree regulations drafted by Nie Rongzhen, vice premier of the State Council and director of the State Science and Technology Commission, were basically based on the Soviet model, but this regulation did not become a formal system.

When Deng Xiaoping considered what kind of degree system China was planning to build, two important figures played a key role, one was Hu Qiaomu, and the other was Jiang Nanxiang. This is related to the fact that they all studied in Tsinghua University and understood the western degree system.

Jiang Nanxiang, Minister of Education, personally presided over the drafting of the Regulations on Academic Degrees in People’s Republic of China (PRC) (Draft), which was adopted in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on February 12, 1980 and came into force on January 1, 1981. In this regard, Jiang Nanxiang explained that the proposed academic degree regulations adopted a three-level academic degree system, so as to communicate with the internationally accepted academic degree system, which is conducive to sending international students and international academic exchanges. The proposed degree system has China characteristics: First, we must adhere to the socialist orientation. We should promote the growth of "red and specialized" senior professionals through the degree system, and ask different degree applicants to support the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and the socialist system. Second, we must emphasize the principle of combining theory with practice. Degree applicants at all levels should not only reach a considerable academic level in the basic theory and expertise of this subject, but also have the corresponding ability to solve practical problems, and neither of them can be neglected. Third, we must implement the principle of quality first, and our country’s degree system should be worthy of the name.

From July 26th to August 2nd, 1981, the first meeting of the Discipline Appraisal Committee of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee awarded 805 doctoral programs in China, which could instruct 1,143 doctoral tutors. There are 2,957 professional programs that award master’s degrees. ［16］（p.460）

Seven, Deng Xiaoping proposed to send students abroad.

On August 8, 1977, Deng Xiaoping presided over the symposium on science and education, and put forward the idea of sending people to study abroad for the first time. ［11］（p.179）

On June 22, 1978, Deng Xiaoping Tong Fangyi, Jiang Nanxiang, Liu Xiyao, etc. talked and suggested that it is worthwhile to spend more money on increasing the number of overseas students. This is one of the important ways to achieve quick results in five years and improve China’s scientific level. [11] (P.331) reflects Deng Xiaoping’s strategic vision of cultivating high-end talents.

On July 10th, Deng Xiaoping met with Frank Press, Science and Technology Advisor to the President of the United States and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. Press hopes that this trip will lay the foundation for China and the United States to sign agreements on agricultural exchanges, space technology and exchanges between international students and scholars, and he also suggests to Deng Xiaoping that China send 20-30 students to study in the United States. To Press’s complete surprise, Deng Xiaoping suggested that the United States accept 700 science students from China, and the goal in the next few years is tens of thousands. Press immediately called President Carter, woke him up from his sleep at 3 am, and asked him to approve China to send 700 students to study in the United States, and more students would be welcome in the next few years. Later, Carter readily agreed to the Chinese request. ［18］

On August 4th, the Ministry of Education issued a notice according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In 1978, the number of overseas students (including college students, advanced students and graduate students) increased to more than 3,000, mainly for studying science and engineering (including agriculture and medicine) related majors. [16] (p.142) On August 20th, Deng Xiaoping approved the Ministry of Education’s "Several Instructions on Sending Overseas Students", and agreed to send 3,000 overseas students in 1978, with the focus on advanced students and graduate students. ［11］（p.354）

At the end of August, the People’s Letters Summary reported that a student from Shanghai Hongkou Model Middle School requested to study in Japan at his own expense. Deng Xiaoping agreed to Fang Yi’s "permission" reply. [11] (P.365) So far, the way of studying abroad at one’s own expense has been opened.

In the second half of 1978, the first batch of international students from China arrived in the United States. In 1979, there were 1025 international students studying in the United States. By 1984, the number of international students had reached 14,000, two thirds of whom were studying physics, medicine and engineering. Peking University and Tsinghua University are even called "preparatory schools" for public science students studying in the United States. ［18］（p.128）

On July 16th, 1982, the State Council approved the Regulations of the Ministry of Education and other departments on studying abroad at one’s own expense, and put forward that studying abroad at one’s own expense is a channel for cultivating talents. [16] (pp.556-557) Since then, studying abroad at one’s own expense has gradually developed into the main channel for studying abroad.

Eight, Deng Xiaoping agreed to establish a postdoctoral mobile station system to cultivate high-end talents.

On May 21st, 1985, Deng Xiaoping met with Professor Li Zhengdao and his wife to exchange views on developing science and training talents. Li Zhengdao suggested to Deng Xiaoping that in order to create a favorable condition for China’s overseas researchers to return to work, more than a dozen post-doctoral mobile stations could be established as a pilot. This time, when Li Zhengdao made a presentation to Deng Xiaoping, Deng Xiaoping also specifically asked, "Why should we train postdoctoral doctors?"? When Li Zhengdao explained it, Deng Xiaoping agreed. He said: "Postdoctoral is a new thing and a new term to me. It is the first time I heard that … setting up a postdoctoral mobile station is a new method, which is very good. Combine training with use, cultivate in use, and find more advanced talents in training and use. There are too few ten postdoctoral mobile stations, and it is necessary to establish hundreds of mobile stations and become a system. " ［19］

In July 1985, China began to implement the postdoctoral system. This shows that overseas Chinese have played an important role in promoting the establishment of a modern education system in China. Deng Xiaoping’s decision has greatly promoted the establishment of high-level talent training system in China, which is a typical case of institutional change in the process of economic system reform in China.

In 1985, there were only 102 postdoctoral mobile stations in China, and by 2013, it had reached 2703. From 1985 to 2013, a total of 70,289 people left the station.

IX. Summary: Long-term Bonus of Human Capital Decision in Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping has made two important decisions on the enrollment method of colleges and universities. The first time was on June 13th, 1966. On the instructions of Mao Zedong, he and Liu Shaoqi made a decision to postpone the enrollment of colleges and universities for half a year, and proposed to reform the enrollment examination method of colleges and universities. The second time was in September 1977, after a lapse of 11 years, Deng Xiaoping pushed through the crowd, changed the original enrollment plan in 1977, postponed the enrollment of colleges and universities for half a year again, and formally proposed to Hua Guofeng and other The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) to restore the higher education examination system, which was officially approved by the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee (October 5, 1977).

The two decision-making processes have different historical backgrounds and decision-making mechanisms, so there are two different decision-making results, which also reflect the learning process of decision-makers in China, including the understanding and summary of success and failure, right and wrong. As far as Deng Xiaoping is concerned, the first decision was passive, and the second was active. Without decision-making mistakes, there is no decision-making cost. Without decision-making cost, it is difficult to reach a political consensus and make a correct decision quickly.

As early as May 1977, in view of education and science and technology, which were the hardest hit areas of the "Cultural Revolution", Deng Xiaoping once imagined that after his comeback, he would pay great attention to education. We will achieve small results in five years, great results in 10 years, and great results in 15 years and 20 years. [12] It is clear that Deng Xiaoping is not only a great politician, but also a great strategist. He made a series of human capital investment decisions, such as resuming the college entrance examination, recruiting graduate students, establishing a degree system, promoting studying abroad, and setting up postdoctoral mobile stations, which are long-term and strategic decisions, and have produced long-term human capital dividends, which in turn have profoundly affected the process of reform, opening up and socialist modernization in China.

This long-term human capital dividend is as follows (see the table on the next page): compared with 1978, 2013 is equivalent to 28.8 times the number of students in colleges and universities in 1978, 164.1 times the number of graduate students and 481.3 times the number of students studying abroad. In addition, the author estimates that the gross enrollment rate of China University was only about 0.5% in the early 1970s, less than 1% in 1978, and reached 34.5% in 2013. That is to say, according to the gross enrollment rate of universities, in 2013, the chances of college-age population in China being admitted to universities were more than 30 times that of 1978 and more than 60 times that of the early 1970s. Compared with the United States, in 1980, the number of students in colleges and universities in China was only 1.6% of that in the United States (10.475 million). By 2005, China surpassed the United States, and by 2009, China was equivalent to 122% of that in the United States. In 1980, the number of graduate students in China (21,600) was only 1.6% of that in the United States (1,343,000); in 2007, China (1,195,000) was 52.1% of that in the United States (2,294,000); in 2013, China reached 1,790,000; it is estimated that China will surpass the United States around 2015.

This all stems from Deng Xiaoping’s strategic conception, which has not returned in May 1977. We are not only grateful to Deng Xiaoping, but also want to learn from Deng Xiaoping. As the Supreme Leader said when commemorating the 110th anniversary of Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s birth, "We should learn from his far-sighted strategic thinking when commemorating Comrade Deng Xiaoping", "We have gained insight into the development trend at home and abroad and made a series of major strategic decisions concerning the long-term development of the cause of the party and the state and the future and destiny of socialism". ［20］

Deng Xiaoping’s decision on human capital investment is the most typical successful case. His far-sighted strategic thinking has not only become a long-term dividend for China’s human capital investment, but also the most precious political wealth for future generations.

Source: Compilation of Statistical Data of 60 Years in New China, China Statistics Publishing House, 2010, pp. 72-75; Statistical Abstract of China in 2014, China Statistics Publishing House, 2014, pp. 153-154.

Note: The two sets of data compared between 2013 and 1978 are calculated by the author according to the above data.

[Reference]

[1] Hu Angang: "China: Towards the 21st Century", China Environmental Science Press, 1991, pp. 174, 180 and 183.

[2] China Statistical Yearbook 1984, China Statistics Publishing House, 1984, p. 484.

[3] Hu Angang, Wang Hongchuan and Yan Yilong: Modernization of China: Human Resources and Education (1949 ~ 2030), Research on Education Development, No.1, 2015.

[4] "Selected Important Documents Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China" Volume 1, Central Literature Publishing House, 1992, p. 11.

[5] History of People’s Republic of China (PRC), Higher Education Press and People’s Publishing House, 2013, p. 173.

[6] Biography of Mao Zedong (1949 ~ 1976) Volume II, Central Literature Publishing House, 2003, p. 1404.

[7] Mao Zedong Manuscripts Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, Volume 11, Central Literature Publishing House, 1996, p. 96.

[8] Chronicle of Mao Zedong (1949 ~ 1976), Volume 5, Central Literature Publishing House, 2013, p. 593.

[9] He Dongchang, editor-in-chief: "Important Educational Literature in People’s Republic of China (PRC) (1949 ~ 1997)", Hainan Publishing House, 1998, p. 1403.

[10] World Bank Economic Mission: "China: Development of Socialist Economy", China Financial and Economic Press, 1983, p. 92.

[11] The Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975 ~ 1997), Central Literature Publishing House, 227.

[12] Gu Weiming: "The initial brewing of the resumption of the college entrance examination system in 1977", "Research on Contemporary China History" No.5, 2003.

[13] Yang Shengqun and Chen Jin, editor-in-chief: "Historical Turning Point 1977 ~ 1978", Life, Reading and Knowledge Joint Publishing Company, 2009, p. 49.

［14］? Yearbook of Deng Xiaoping Thought (1975 ~ 1997), Central Literature Publishing House, 2011, p. 59.

[15] Zhang Shujun and Gao Xinmin, editor-in-chief: Historical Archives of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China Economic Publishing House, 1998, p. 412.

[16] Xu Dashen, editor-in-chief: "A Record of People’s Republic of China (PRC)" Volume 4, Jilin People’s Publishing House, 1994, p. 57.

[17] Party History Research Office of the CPC Central Committee, China National Museum: Historical Records of People’s Republic of China (PRC), Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2009,Page 361.

[18] [America] Fu Gaoyi: "Deng Xiaoping and China’s Opening to the Outside World: Sino-US Relations from 1977 to 1979", edited by Zhu Jiamu: "Contemporary China"And its Development Path —— Proceedings of the Second International Forum on Contemporary China History, Contemporary China Press, 2010, p.Page 127.

[19] Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975 ~ 1997), Central Literature Publishing House, 2004, p. 976.

[20] Supreme Leader: Speech at the Symposium to Commemorate the 110th Anniversary of Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s Birth (August 20, 2014), People’s Daily.August 21, 2014.

[Author] Hu Angang, Professor, School of Public Administration, Tsinghua University.

　Source of the article: Research on Contemporary China History

　　With the continuous development of intelligent technology and the continuous expansion of its influence, media information dissemination, film and television industry upgrading and international cultural exchanges are all facing new development space and opportunities.How to recognize the current coordinate system and locate the future development strategy?The demand for ideological collision and practical communication is increasingly urgent.

　　The 2021 China International Intelligent Communication Forum, which just ended in Wuxi, looks forward to the future development of intelligent communication with its inspiring topic and gold content.

2021 China International Intelligent Communication Forum Opening Ceremony and Main Forum Site

　　Recently, jointly sponsored by the Central Radio and Television General Station and the People’s Government of Jiangsu Province2021 China International Intelligent Communication Forum ended in Wuxi.Vice Minister Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, Director and Editor-in-Chief of the Central Radio and Television General Station, Shen Haixiong, Deputy Secretary of jiangsu provincial party committee and Governor Wu Zhenglong attended the opening ceremony of the forum and delivered speeches. Zhang Aijun, member of the Standing Committee of jiangsu provincial party committee and Minister of Propaganda Department, Peng Jianming, member of the editorial meeting of the Central Radio and Television General Station and general manager of the general manager’s office, and Chen Jiangang, secretary general of Jiangsu Provincial People’s Government, attended the meeting.

　　Around "New age zhi spread"Theme, this forum brings together experts and scholars in the field of intelligent communication at home and abroad and leading figures from all walks of life. Through an opening ceremony, a main forum and three sub-forums, a large number of exclusive opinions and innovative wisdom are stirred up.

　　Look to the future

　　All-media and videoization outline a new development prospect

　　In the era of Internet of Everything, it is particularly critical for intelligent technology to open up a new communication scene and realize the leap of communication mode. At this forum, many experts, scholars and business representatives looked forward to the future communication prospect.

　　Song Jianwu, a professor at the School of Journalism of Renmin University of China and a member of the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Media Integration Expert Group, is "‘ Remodeling and Construction ’ The development of cultural industry in the era of intelligent mediaSpeech at the sub-forum on "Intellectual Industry" with the theme of "Intellectual Industry".

　　He pointed out that the all-media communication system is a system built on the basis of modern information technology with the Internet as the core. Holography means the application of the latest technology; All employees and all effects are the characteristics of the future media industry and the new characteristics of the future social interaction or communication relationship based on the Internet.

　　Professor, School of Journalism, Renmin University of China

　　Song Jianwu, member of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Media Integration Expert Group

　　Deliver a keynote speech

　　Song Jianwu also put forward his own judgment on the future media form: "In the future, there will be an all-media communication system based on community media integration, with regional media integration platform as the skeleton and national media platform as the leading factor. This system will inevitably lead to the situation that the media at all levels will get through vertically and the county-level media center will get through the localized resources horizontally."

　　Song Jianwu also said that the future media industry may play a greater role in the operation of urban brain, because urban brain will be the data collection and operation center of future society. "We also see that the leading media groups have entered this field.The media should be the hub of society by nature, especially the platform media as the ruling tool of the party and the government, which must stand in the center of the stage.Therefore, we believe that in the future, the media industry will be more useful in the operation of the new center of society (urban brain). "

　　At the same time, many guests expressed their full expectations for the media to be further "videoized". Rui Chen, Chairman and CEO of Billie Billie, said in his keynote speech at the main forum that all future creative forms will be embedded in video expression. "Video is not only the most natural medium, but also the most friendly medium for the audience.In the next three years or five years, the number of video users in China will reach 1.2 billion. On that day, our content industry has also changed."

　　Rui Chen, Chairman and CEO.

　　Deliver a keynote speech

　　Zhang Zhian, a professor at the School of Communication and Design of Sun Yat-sen University who attended the sub-forum on "Smart Industry", continued to be optimistic about the development prospects of short videos in the 5G era. He made three predictions about this: "The short video platform is expected to become the social infrastructure like the link platform and consumption platform like WeChat and Taobao.; Short video platform will make link live broadcast and e-commerce become common application scenarios, and different application scenarios need to be further developed; The short video platform makes video socialization possible, and the social function will surpass the entertainment function to facilitate people’s convenient communication. In addition, Zhang Zhian stressed that the development of short video should improve the safety factor in data and content.

　　Value guidance

　　Carrying forward mainstream values and practicing social responsibility has become a consensus.

　　Using data to empower the industry and strengthen the application of algorithms to reach users more accurately has become the development direction of the intelligent media era. However, "algorithm" is not a simple technical tool. With its wide application and deepening influence, many related issues have risen to the value level. Some of the guests expressed their views on this from their own perspectives.

　　In the topic "‘ The era of intelligent media, integration and innovation ’ At the "Smart Technology" sub-forum of "New Technology Empowers the Integration and Development of Smart Media", Mei Jianping, executive deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Ultra HD Audio Production and Broadcasting of the Technical Bureau of the Central Radio and Television General Station, said,The "main station algorithm" that the main station is trying to build will become a powerful engine to help the deep integration and development of media.

　　"No matter what kind of recommendation logic, the most advanced algorithm technology will always be the basic support to lead the future information distribution. At the same time, we will transform the orientation of mainstream values such as our guiding power, communication power and influence into calculable factors and integrate them into the algorithm." Mei Jianping said.

　　Central Radio and Television General Station Technology Bureau

　　State key laboratory of ultra-high definition audio production and broadcast presentation

　　Mei Jianping, executive deputy director, delivered a keynote speech

　　While the commercial internet platform finds the breakthrough point of algorithm technology innovation in the tide of intelligent media, it should be more alert to possible false information, privacy security and other issues.

　　To this end, Cao Guowei, chairman and CEO of Sina and chairman of Weibo, said,In the era of intelligent communication, we should always be afraid of the growing influence of the platform, strike a balance between the commercial attributes and social attributes of the platform, actively explore ways to strengthen platform governance and assume social responsibilities.

　　Chairman and CEO of Sina

　　Cao Guowei, Chairman of Weibo delivered a keynote speech.

　　In Cao Guowei’s view, Weibo covers hundreds of millions of users and has a strong platform influence and communication power. Therefore, Weibo regards promoting the main theme and transmitting positive social energy as an important part of its platform to practice social responsibility.

　　Cao Guowei said: "Weibo has recognized the new problems brought by social media platforms from a very early age, and put platform governance and social responsibility at the core of enterprise development." The platform should raise risk awareness, strengthen technical means, and comprehensively protect data security and user privacy. Cao Guowei said that this is an important part of the platform’s practice of social responsibility.

　　In the face of the flood of false information, Cao Guowei suggested strengthening the main responsibility of the platform, creating a clear Weibo space, actively expanding the mainstream voice, and doing a good job in dispelling false information.

　　As an Internet platform with a large audience and traffic scale, bilibili is also actively practicing the integration and guidance of mainstream values, which has a subtle influence on the vast number of young people. In his speech, Rui Chen emphasized the positive role that Internet websites should play in promoting the main theme and positive energy.

　　In recent years, bilibili has taken the initiative to strengthen cooperation with mainstream media. In terms of channel cooperation, CCTV News stayed in bilibili in 2019. At present, the number of fans exceeds 6 million, making it one of the most popular mainstream media accounts in bilibili. In terms of content cooperation, in 2020, bilibili and CCTV cooperated to produce a large-scale panoramic live broadcast program "Wuhan Recovery", and invited a group of bilibili UP owners to conduct aerial live broadcast, leading the audience to witness the long-lost "fireworks" in Wuhan, which also fully activated the potential of folk UGC and deeply demonstrated the two-way interaction in the Internet age.

　　Huang Chuxin, deputy director and secretary general of the New Media Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said in the round-table dialogue of the sub-forum:How to balance content and technology, on the one hand, tests the information recipients, on the other hand, it also tests the media practitioners.From the perspective of government and society, it is necessary to standardize and refine laws, regulations and system construction.

　　Industrial practice

　　Technology Empowers Full Link Upgrade of Film and Television Industry

　　From the single-point achievement of intellectual media that made people shine at first, to the realization of covering the overall situation of communication system and even profoundly affecting industrial development, the application of intellectual media has surpassed the technical level and empowered thousands of industries.

　　Wuxi, the venue of this forum, has achieved fruitful results in information technology, Internet of Things and digital film industry in recent years.It has the only national digital film industrial park in China, and has initially formed a cultural industry development pattern represented by film and television media, cultural tourism and digital creativity.

　　The development of Wuxi is a typical epitome of China’s film and television and cultural industries. With the increasing penetration of emerging technologies into the film and television industry, the connection between film and television production and viewing experience will be further upgraded to help."Movie Power" is moving towards "Movie Power".

　　wuxi national digital film industry park

　　At the forefront of the industry, Zhang Wenlin, president of Huawei’s strategy department, delivered a keynote speech at the main forum focusing on how digital technology can promote the upgrading of the film and television industry. Zhang Wenlin believes that "all kinds of technological breakthroughs, business innovation and business model exploration will eventually lead to chemical reactions in the industry and stimulate the cluster effect, which needs to be implemented."

　　Zhang Wenlin, President of Huawei’s Strategy Department

　　Deliver a keynote speech

　　Zhang Wenlin put forward his own views on several hot applications of smart media:Ultra HD is accelerating, consolidating the 4K industry and accelerating the move to 8K; The improvement of AI production efficiency will run through the whole process of video production, and digital people are also coming out; For the penetration and application of 5G, Zhang Wenlin believes that 5G access not only brings cost savings at the shooting end, but also brings the expansion of live scenes.

　　Huang Qunfei, executive deputy general manager of Huaxia Film Distribution Co., Ltd. also mentioned the upgrading and transformation of the whole chain of the film industry by the exploration of smart media technology. "It is precisely because of the Internet that TV programs, especially cultural performances, concerts and ball games, can enter the cinema, enriching the content of the cinema; The application of holographic immersion fusion enriches the form of film and television products; Big data analysis will significantly enhance the ability of film distribution, and can customize production and precise push, so that film distribution can be personalized and differentiated. " Huang Qunfei said.

　　Huaxia Film Distribution Co.,Ltd

　　Executive Deputy General Manager Huang Qunfei delivered a keynote speech.

　　For the film industry in the era of intelligent communication, Huang Qunfei proposed three directions for future exploration:First, focusing on virtual production, promoting the integration of technology and film and television.By linking the scientific community and the film industry to build an exchange and cooperation platform, lead the production of China blockbusters;The second is to provide on-demand services for film and television production based on cloud computing technology., collecting data for video editing, image design, animation production and other services;The third is to develop immersive cinemas.Combining high-resolution stereo projection technology, three-dimensional computer graphics technology and audio-visual technology, a completely immersive virtual environment is created, and an audio-visual feast is performed by immersing in the cinema.

　　In addition, this forum also held "Intellectual culture, mutual learning of civilizations and cultural communication"Sub-forum, to discuss how to use intelligent means to stimulate cultural innovation, promote cultural exchanges between different countries, and constantly expand the" circle of friends "of international communication. The foreign guests at the meeting held in-depth discussions on the commonness of Chinese and foreign life and culture, cross-cultural communication and communication based on social media.

　　Conclusion:

　　China International Intelligent Communication Forum 2021 is a brand activity of cross-border integration in the field of national intelligent communication. By building an international communication platform,Discussion on technology application, industrial integration, cultural exchange, social responsibility and humanistic care in the era of intelligent communication.Frontier issues will help to further build consensus and jointly promote the high-quality development of the global intelligent communication industry.

　　The infinite future of intelligent communication comes from the continuous deepening of thinking and the large-scale development of innovative practice. China International Intelligent Communication Forum 2021 provides a channel for practitioners to ask about the future, and sincerely expects that the forum will contribute more and more exciting content next year.

Li Gang, a reporter from Jinyang. com, and Yue Huanxuan, a correspondent, reported that on the 22nd, the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group handed over 177 reports to Guangdong Province, including 19 repeated complaints and 158 actual cases (including 24 key cases identified by the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group). For specific information on case assignment and handling, please refer to the website columns of the provincial, municipal government and environmental protection departments. Please scan the QR code for related links.

According to the arrangement, the stationing time of the Fifth Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group is one month. During the stationing period (June 5-July 5), a special duty telephone number is set up: 020-87766710, and a special postal box is set up: Guangzhou 713, with the postal code of 510000. The time for the inspector group to receive the report phone is 8: 00-20: 00 every day.

Extend local action

Foshan: The person in charge of pickling wastewater discharge in an enterprise in Jiujiang was detained.

Foshan received a case from the Fifth Environmental Protection Inspector Group of the Central Committee, claiming that Nanjinzhong Hardware Factory in Jiujiang Town discharged pungent exhaust gas at will, causing troubles to surrounding restaurants and residents. After taking over, on June 10th, the environmental protection departments at the municipal, district and town levels joined hands to carry out on-site inspection of Nanjinzhong Hardware Factory in Jiujiang Town. After investigation, the plant was put into production without environmental protection acceptance. According to the requirements of EIA approval, the plant should use diesel as fuel, but its curing furnace is filled with a lot of granular biomass fuel. In the production process, the factory has no supporting waste gas treatment facilities, and the waste gas generated in the drying process is discharged directly without treatment. In addition, there is pickling wastewater from the pickling and derusting process in this factory, and some of the wastewater is discharged from the factory through the concealed pipe and flows into the sewage pipe network without treatment. The environmental protection department has transferred the clues of the case that the factory constitutes the crime of environmental pollution to the public security department for handling. On June 10th, Jiujiang Town Police Station imposed criminal detention on the main person in charge of the factory and the wastewater treatment workers.

Shaoguan: Two illegal construction sites without a license at night in urban areas were investigated.

Recently, many citizens complained that some urban construction sites were under construction late at night, which seriously affected the normal rest of surrounding residents. After taking over, the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau strengthened the supervision of the construction sites, and conducted surprise inspections at night on six construction sites, including Oupu Yulong Bay Phase II, Poly Chenyue Garden, Shaoguan Fuli City and high-speed railway station Plaza.　　

During the inspection, it was found that all kinds of noises made by the construction site of Baoli Chenyue Garden Project were particularly loud in the middle of the night, and the chainsaw started at the second phase of Tianxi Bay in Country Garden Sun City was very sharp and harsh. After investigation, the construction sites of Poly Chenyue Garden and Country Garden Sun City Tianzhu Bay Phase II were all illegal acts without night construction permit, and law enforcement officers immediately ordered the construction units of the two construction sites to stop construction immediately. Law enforcement officials said that in areas where noise-sensitive buildings are concentrated in cities, except for emergency repairs and rescue operations, it is forbidden to carry out construction work with environmental noise pollution at night.

Heyuan: A mining company in Longchuan County has been rectified for noise nuisance.

The citizens reported to the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group that there was noise pollution in Longchuan Haifeng Mining Co., Ltd., especially the noise generated by the operation of 16 water mills and 4 large forklifts, which had a certain impact on the lives of nearby residents. Longchuan county environmental protection law enforcement officers went to investigate and deal with it, and found that Haifeng Mining’s noise pollution prevention and control facilities were relatively simple, and the reported part was true. According to the on-site inspection, Longchuan County Environmental Protection Bureau issued a Decision on Ordering to Correct Illegal Acts to the company, demanding that the noise pollution prevention and control facilities be further improved, and measures such as enclosure and shielding should be taken to reduce the impact on the surrounding environment. Without the complainant’s permission, production should not be allowed from 22: 00 p.m. to 6: 00 the next day.

At present, Haifeng Mining has carried out rectification as required, built a sound-proof wall near the residents of the factory, and enclosed the factory, installed a sound-proof baffle on one side of the relevant production workshop, and stopped production from 22: 00 pm to 6: 00 the next day as required to reduce the impact of noise on the surrounding environment.

Huizhou: Three electroplating plants in Huiyang were stopped for rectification due to the direct discharge of waste gas disturbing people.

The masses reported to the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group that the three electroplating processing plants located in Kengtang Village, Xinxu Town, Huiyang District had problems such as direct exhaust and waste gas disturbing people. Huiyang District immediately organized environmental protection, public security, safety supervision and other relevant departments and Xinxu Town Government to inspect the site. The three electroplating factories complained by the masses were Huizhou Yuanhui Hardware Electroplating Co., Ltd., Huiyang District Xinxu Xinlong Hardware Products Processing Factory and Huizhou Huiyang District Kengtang Electroplating Factory. It was found that all three enterprises had exhaust gas collection systems and exhaust gas treatment facilities, but some workshops opened their windows and did not adopt closed facilities to collect exhaust gas. Immediately, the law enforcement officers ordered the person in charge of the enterprise to correct immediately and take effective measures to collect the waste gas to prevent the waste gas from overflowing in the workshop. At present, all three enterprises have stopped production and rectified the waste gas collection equipment and facilities. Next, the Environmental Protection Bureau of Huiyang District will continue to follow up, increase the frequency of inspection and monitoring, and urge enterprises to carry out vertical reform to ensure that the waste gas from the workshops of the three enterprises is effectively collected and treated and discharged up to standard.

Zhongshan: tanzhou town filed a case to investigate and deal with "investment before inspection" enterprises.

After receiving the case of "No sewage treatment facility in the crushing and cleaning plant of a plastic factory, and it is suspected that the sewage is discharged directly into the river" assigned by the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group, Tanzhou Environmental Protection Branch took prompt action in the afternoon to make a surprise inspection of Ma’s plastic processing plant involved. The inspection found that the processing plant has a plastic product processing project, which produces production wastewater during the processing, and the wastewater is recycled after precipitation without discharge. Because the operator Ma was unable to provide EIA documents and acceptance materials, on-site law enforcement officers sealed up the main production equipment of the factory. In view of the environmental violations of the factory involving "the environmental protection facilities that need to be built in the construction project have not passed the acceptance, and the construction project will be put into production or use", the case was investigated and dealt with.

Zhaoqing: complaints and reports from the masses that Gaoyao scattered polluting factories and enterprises were seized.

There is a plastic factory in Pingbu Langtou Village, Jindu Town, Gaoyao District, Zhaoqing City, which illegally occupies farmland and emits waste gas. Many departments in Gaoyao District conducted investigation and handling. After investigation, the complaint refers to three plastic processing plants, including Yuesheng Plant, Yongliang Plant and Jianquan Plant, and the nature of the land used is leased collective construction land. Among them, Yuesheng factory covers an area of more than 20 mu, and did not go through the formalities of land use. In 2015, the land department investigated and dealt with it on a special project, and imposed a fine of nearly 150,000, which was enforced in 2017.

In addition, after verification by the environmental protection department, Yuesheng Factory has environmental protection procedures, but it is not equipped with dust removal facilities. Yongliang Factory and Jianquan Factory have no environmental protection approval procedures, and plastic waste raw materials are piled up on site, which is rather messy. Gaoyao District ordered Yuesheng Factory to improve the dust removal facilities, ordered Yongliang Factory and Jianquan Factory to stop production and construction, and listed the two factories in the list of scattered pollution, which has been sealed up at present.

Jiangmen: Pengjiang No.1 Village Committee was investigated for illegal use of forest land and unlicensed logging.

The masses reported to the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group that the relevant departments in Pengjiang District of Xinchang Yuanzaishan Industrial Park immediately investigated and dealt with the waste gas stolen by Fangxing Non-woven Fabric Factory in Pengjiang District of Jiangmen City and the complaints related to deforestation by Xinchang Village Committee.

After investigation, the waste gas produced by Fangxing Nonwoven Fabric Factory in Pengjiang District, Jiangmen City was discharged from the 15m exhaust pipe after being treated by two sets of UV photolysis and water spraying waste gas treatment equipment. Because the enterprise did not obtain the sewage discharge permit, the project was put into production, which was illegal sewage discharge without a license, and law enforcement officers immediately filed a case for investigation.

In response to the problem of deforestation caused by excavation by Xinchang Village Committee, after investigation, Xinchang Village Committee obtained the land use right of Yuanshanzai Industrial Park in Xinchang Village, Tangxia Town through the state-owned land transfer procedure on May 14, 2013, and the forest land involved did not go through the procedures of using forest land and logging in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, which was suspected of illegal use of forest land and logging without a license. In the next step, the Agriculture, Forestry and Water Affairs Bureau of Pengjiang District will further investigate forest-related violations, verify the illegal use of forest land, and deal with it according to laws and regulations.

The first day of the first lunar month is the first day of the Lunar New Year, marking the beginning of a new year.

The Spring Festival is the most important and grand traditional festival of the Han nationality. There are many folk activities on this day, such as paying New Year greetings, setting off firecrackers and giving lucky money.

The custom of setting off firecrackers in the Spring Festival began in the Han Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,000 years.

Open the door to firecrackers

In the morning, people will set off firecrackers before going out to visit relatives and friends, which is called "opening firecrackers".

After the sound of firecrackers, the ground is full of broken red, which is called "full house red" Folks believe that the sooner the "opening firecrackers" are put, the better, symbolizing all the best in the New Year and a bumper harvest.

However, now many cities have restricted the discharge of fireworks and firecrackers. If you want to set off firecrackers, you must go to the designated place!

pay New Year calls

On the first day of New Year’s Day, people put on beautiful clothes and went out to visit relatives and friends to pay New Year greetings to each other.

Paying New Year greetings is a traditional folk custom in China, and it is a way for people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and express their best wishes to each other.

In ancient times, the original meaning of the word "Happy New Year" was to celebrate the New Year for the elderly. New Year greetings usually begin at home.

On the morning of the first day, after getting up, the younger generation should first pay a New Year call to their elders, wishing them a long and healthy life and all the best.

After the elders are worshipped, they should distribute the "lucky money" prepared in advance to the younger generation.

After paying homage to the elders at home, people should also greet the New Year with smiles when they meet out, and exchange auspicious words such as "Congratulations on getting rich", "Best wishes for the four seasons" and "Happy New Year". Neighbors, relatives and friends also visit each other or invite them to drink and entertain.

Steamed rice cake

Because of its homophonic "high age" and varied tastes, rice cakes have almost become a necessary food for every family during the Spring Festival.

The styles of rice cakes are square yellow and white rice cakes, which symbolize gold and silver and express the meaning of making a fortune in the New Year.

The taste of rice cakes varies from place to place. The rice cakes in the north are mainly sweet, steamed or fried, and some people simply eat them with sugar.

The rice cakes in the south are both sweet and salty, such as those in Suzhou and Ningbo, which are made of japonica rice and have a light taste. In addition to steaming and frying, you can also slice and fry or cook soup.

Tiehua chicken

In ancient times, chickens were painted on doors and windows to drive away ghosts and evil spirits during the Spring Festival.

In ancient mythology, there was a saying that the chicken was a deformed bird of the Ming Dynasty. It is said that during the reign of Emperor Yao, friends paid tribute to a bird of the Ming Dynasty that could ward off evil spirits. Everyone welcomed the arrival of the bird of the Ming Dynasty, but not every year, people carved a wooden bird of the Ming Dynasty, cast it in bronze, or painted it on doors and windows to scare off monsters and make them afraid to come again.

Because the bird looks like a chicken, it will be gradually changed to painting a chicken or cutting window flowers and sticking them on the doors and windows, which will become the source of paper-cutting art in later generations.

In ancient China, chickens were paid special attention to, and they were called "birds with five virtues". Therefore, people not only cut chickens during the Chinese New Year, but also set the first day of the New Year as Chicken Day.

It is not advisable to sweep the floor and take out the garbage.

It is said that the first day of the first month is the broom birthday, so you can’t use the broom on this day, otherwise it will sweep away luck and ruin money, and attract the "broom star" and cause bad luck.

If you have to sweep the floor, you must sweep it from the outside to the inside. On this day, you can’t throw water on the garbage, for fear of breaking the money.

At present, this custom is still maintained in many places. On the New Year’s Eve, no brooms are put out, no garbage is taken out, and a large bucket is prepared to hold waste water, so that it is not spilled on the same day.

Original title: "Chinese New Year’s Day"

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There are still 10 days, and 2021 will be over. In this year, the entertainment circle is in chaos, and the top stars have collapsed. What Zheng Shuang, Zhang Zhehan, Wu Yifan, and Wang Leehom, who recently had an accident, have no bottom line;

Of course, with so many melons in the entertainment circle, online celebrity circle is also not to be outdone. Let’s take a look at which big online celebrity have dropped out of the net this year.Some online celebrity was blocked, which made netizens clap their hands and applaud, while some online celebrity quit the Internet, which made netizens lament. What’s behind this?

There should be many netizens who didn’t respond to the name Feng Xiaoyi, but I believe everyone will remember it when they see this picture with "Eat a peach and be cool".

When he first saw Feng Xiaoyi, he wore cute rabbit clothes and delicate makeup, and he talked in a awkward way. No matter what he did, his clothes were coy.I really thought he was a girl, but later I found out that he was a boy, and I felt a thread in my stomach.

Later, because he was too coy, he was obviously a man but often met people in the image of a woman, and netizens felt that he was disgusting and slandered women;

Finally, after being reported by netizens, the main reason is to "promote bad atmosphere"!

In August this year, a video of a "high-quality human" man exploded on all platforms. In the video, a middle-aged man wore a white foundation and combed a whole jar of hair gel, and demonstrated what posh is. Then Xu Qingen introduced himself in a broken Chinese-English mixed language and released courtship information.

Due to people’s curiosity, Xu Qingen became so popular, and it also attracted various online celebrity to imitate each other. Later, under the huge traffic, there was even a live broadcast platform to hold a "courtship special session" for Xu Qingen, and Xu Qingen even publicly chose a concubine in the Weibo comment area. …

Finally, because of the high-end paid community, the annual membership fee was as high as 75,000, and finally it was banned for violating the Weibo Convention, and it was also approved by CCTV.

Mr. Guo should be familiar to everyone. At first, he became popular with "Guo Yan Guo Yu", which means that you must not say something well if you have something to say;

Later, after becoming popular, because he didn’t have any talent, he didn’t look good. He could only rely on pretending to be crazy and selling stupidity every day to impress the public. There were even many times when he made unsightly actions in the live broadcast room and shared private items with netizens.

Finally, because of vulgarity and ugliness, Tik Tok’s 700w account was banned, and later the whole network was banned.At that time, Mr. Guo himself pretended to be innocent in front of netizens and thought that he had nothing out of line, but netizens didn’t buy it;

Tieshan is a living example of attacking online celebrity by grassroots. He comes from a rural area in Shandong Province. He has gained more than 10 million yuan a month by live pk, and nearly 50w fans watch every live broadcast. Fans all think that watching Tieshan by live broadcast is becoming more and more addictive, and he can’t stop at all.

I think Tieshan relies on fire, mainly because his live broadcast style is relaxed, and he is humorous. His mantra is "Make a mess, have a soft nest", and when he is with other anchors pk, netizens can burst into laughter in his live broadcast room.

Cheng is also "in a tender position" and defeat is also "in a tender position". At the beginning, Tieshan swore many times in the live broadcast room by being blocked, and his fans went everywhere to other anchors to lead the war;

Netizens often argue endlessly about the ban on Tieshan.Some netizens think that Tieshan relies on vulgarity and lack of quality, while others think that Tieshan relies on "love and tenderness" only as a joke, not as a curse. What do you think?

Lao Tie, who often brushes KS, should be familiar with the name Yin Shihang. He has more than 7 million fans in KS and brings hundreds of millions of goods every year.

Yin Shihang’s daily live broadcast content is "Earthy flavor+proposal+reversal "Often, earthy love sitcoms are staged in the live broadcast room, first proposing marriage and then breaking up, then getting back together and proposing marriage again, and every time these love dramas bring goods;

In 2020, I brought the goods with the drama of marriage proposal and sold it for 800w W. Until May this year, it was a live marriage proposal. This five-hour delivery was even more 4000w+, and it was also hot searched.Boy, a proposal for half a year;

This time, the KS official directly banned Yin Shihang’s live broadcast room because of speculation and selling goods, using false plots to incite the audience’s emotions, and received 230,000 reports. Yin Shihang was also named for 630 years. Many years later,Descendants of Yin Shihang: "Ancestor, we Yin family finally waited until your KS number was unsealed, blare …"

Li Zikai has been making short videos since 2016. In the past five years, the video of Li Zikai’s pastoral life has been very popular with everyone. On almost all platforms, Li Zikai has tens of millions of fans, and her videos have hundreds of millions of broadcasts on foreign websites, and the annual sales of the brand "Li Zikai" under her name is also a horrible number;

However, since July this year, Li Ziqi stopped updating the video, and later it was exposed that she was in court with the company.The main reason is that because of the huge interests and uneven distribution of companies, a series of account ownership problems are entangled;

The main reason why Li Zikai can’t update is that her account is frozen by the company, and she can only communicate with you through the trumpet. A few days ago, at the Red Man Festival in Weibo, Li Zikai still said that the update time was uncertain, and she didn’t know if she could get her account back.

Li Ziqi’s stop made her fans sigh, but many rural accounts stood out in the future. I don’t know what kind of posture Li Ziqi will be when she meets you again next time.Friends are all one-sided support for Li Ziqi’s withdrawal from the net, and they lambaste Li Ziqi for being shameless.

Keiko is a great online celebrity in Yan ‘an District, Tik Tok. With her sweet appearance, sexy figure and enchanting dance, she has 2,500 W fans in Tik Tok at her peak.

During the live broadcast, Keiko tried her best to empty the fans’ wallets. The arrangement of "sweet coquetry" and "hot dance" attracted countless local tyrants to be jealous of her, with a record high of 1,700 W for a live broadcast.

However, it was later criticized by CCTV. CCTV clearly pointed out that the "Shenhao" in Keiko’s live broadcast room was deliberately concocted by the team to speculate on the popularity of Keiko and Shenhao.

Inducing fans to brush gifts, it is reported that Shenhao in Keiko’s live broadcast room has accumulated more than 99 million gifts for her, which disappeared completely after being named by CCTV and was really staged."The money of the landlords was returned, and the money of the people was divided into three or seven parts."After that, Keiko announced his withdrawal from the network;

Sydney is a first-generation net red, and it looks very beautiful. It was once Wang Sicong’s girlfriend, and it has a good topic, and it has become more and more popular since it entered the live broadcast industry.

Sydney is the third anchor of Taobao’s live broadcast, with nearly 3,000 W fans in Taobao. This year’s first live broadcast of the Double Eleven won 930 million sales, and this year’s total sales reached 10 billion, and it also threatened to become a sister with Taobao’s goods;

One elder sister didn’t wait. What she waited for was a ticket for tax evasion. She recovered the tax, added a late fee and planned to impose a fine of 65.5531 million yuan.

After being punished by the tax authorities, Taobao shops and other social platforms in Sydney were banned one after another. …

Speaking of a small group, most friends who have paid attention to live broadcast should be familiar with it. A small group is the new generation anchor of Betta.He has 2000w+ fans on the Betta platform, and 4000w+ fans on the short video platform, which is a proper live broadcast sister;

Fans who love Xiao Tuan Tuan think that Xiao Tuan Tuan has a peculiar "sand sculpture" temperament, but the game dishes can bring a lot of joy to fans, and the image and sound are soft and cute, so they are loved by netizens;

However, Xiao Tuantuan suddenly announced the suspension of updating in November this year, and all fans said that it was unacceptable. The reason for Xiao Tuantuan’s suspension was similar to Li Ziqi’s. Xiao Tuantuan’s contract with the guild expired, and he did not intend to renew it. The guild refused to let her go because she had the trademark of Xiao Tuantuan. If she wanted to leave, she would have to pay hundreds of millions of liquidated damages, and she would also face the problem of not getting her account back. After Xiao Tuantuan was blocked, a large number of fans went to Xiao Tuantuan’s guild to lambaste the guild management.

Everyone is familiar with this melon, right? Viya was fined 1.341 billion yuan for tax evasion yesterday, and went to all platforms for hot search. Netizens said in succession:"The last time I heard this figure, 1.341 billion was still in the census", "1.341 billion is not much, and we have earned it in tens of thousands of years", "Is inflation not with me, Wang Leehom 150 million, Zheng Shuang 300 million, Viya 1.341 billion, and I have to hesitate for a long time to go downstairs and buy a five-dollar biscuit?";

After Viya was blocked, all his accounts were blocked one after another. Many people should know it when they read other articles, so I won’t go into details.

Generally speaking, in the era above this traffic, most of these big online celebrity people who quit the Internet this year are self-inflicted. Some of them have evaded taxes, some have cut leeks, and some have no lower limit. Watching these big online celebrity fall into the altar one by one shows that the network clearing activities have achieved considerable results.Let more positive content on the network, less sensational and eye-catching content;

However, we can also see that online celebrity, such as "Li Ziqi, a small group", quit the network because of the chaos in online celebrity’s incubation institutions, and a large amount of capital sucks the marrow from the creators. This shows that I should strengthen all the management of online celebrity and related institutions.I hope that there will be more high-quality positive energy online celebrity and less inferior online celebrity with no lower limit!

Remember to like+pay attention to the articles of No.1 new media, so that you can see our articles for the first time next time, thank you ~

Sohu Entertainment feature (HAMA/Wen) In 2022, the North American film market recovered rapidly, far away from China, and regained the first place in the world. On the one hand, due to the turn of epidemic prevention and control, people’s lives have returned to normal, on the other hand, thanks to the release of some large films, the audience has been pulled back to the cinema.

Looking back on this year, it is still those sequels and restart blockbusters that have performed well and played a role in saving the market. Most of them have been original movies that have performed poorly and dragged their feet. Among these failed movies, cartoons, co-productions and feature films have occupied many seats. Become a dark horse, with a high return ratio, mostly small-budget horror films and comedies.

To compare the profitability of movies, there are two dimensions. One is the absolute value of profitability. The more you earn, the higher the box office will naturally be under the premise of determining the cost. There is another dimension, that is, the rate of return. For example, some horror movies have a small box office volume, but because of the very low cost, the global box office/production cost is high.

Tom cruise’s Top Gun 2 is the most profitable movie.

If you look at how much money you make, the first one in 2022 is Tom’s Top Gun 2.

The sequel to the movie production cost of this Paramount film, which was launched after many years, was 140-170 million US dollars, and the global box office was 1.489 billion US dollars. It was the global box office champion in 2022 and ranked 11th in the box office list of film history.

Avatar 2, the second box office of the year, grossed 1.1 billion dollars in the world that year, and the final box office may hit 2 billion dollars. However, the production cost of this special-effects film, which took many years to unlock many new technologies, is very high, about 350-400 million dollars, so the final income may not exceed Top Gun 2.

Among the top 11 movies at the global box office this year, Top Gun 2, Avatar 2, Jurassic World 3, Doctor Strange 2, Little Yellow Man with Big Eyes 2, Panther 2, Thor 4, Fantastic Animals 3 and Sonik the Hedgehog 2 are all sequels, New Batman is a classic IP restart, and Mysterious Sea is an IP adaptation of the game.

Theoretically, if the global box office of Hollywood blockbusters can reach more than three times the production cost, it is considered to be profitable. Among the eleven films, except Fantastic Animals 3, the global box office is twice as high as the production cost, and the other ten films have reached more than three times the production cost, that is to say, the box office revenue alone is all profitable.

Jurassic World 3’s global box office is 6.07 times the production cost, Doctor Strange 2 is 4.78 times the production cost, New Batman is 3.86 times the production cost, Little Yellow Man with Big Eyes is 11.74 times the production cost, and Sonik Hedgehog is 4.48 times the production cost.

The word-of-mouth of most of these films is not as good as expected, and it is not as good as the previous ones, but it does not affect the money, which is why Hollywood has always been keen on making sequels. Not only the box office revenue, Hollywood blockbusters also have a lot of follow-up income such as copyright, DVD, peripheral products, theme parks, etc., which can bring very considerable net profit.

The horror film "Dangerous Laughter" has the highest return rate.

From the perspective of rate of return, some small and medium-cost horror films, comedies and dramas are often more prominent, especially small-cost horror films, which have always been the best type of dark horse and can sell in the global market.

Among the top 20 films with the highest returns in 2022, there are 6 horror films, 3 cartoons, 2 comedies and 2 drama films.

The production cost of the horror film "Dangerous Laughter" was 17 million US dollars, and the global box office was 216 million US dollars, ranking seventeenth in the annual box office list. The global box office was 12.7 times the production cost, making it the highest-paid American film in 2022.

The production cost of the horror film Black Phone is 16 million US dollars, and the global box office is 161 million US dollars, with the return ratio exceeding 10 times.

The production cost of the horror film Barbarian is only $4.5 million, which is super low cost in the American film production system. It sold $45 million worldwide, with a return of 10 times.

The horror film Scream 5 cost $24 million, and the global box office cost $140 million, with a return ratio of 5.83 times. The horror film "Moonlight Panic: The End" cost 20 million US dollars, and the global box office was 104 million US dollars, with a return ratio of 5.2 times. These two movies are regarded as super IP in horror movies, and they have been made into a series, and each department has made a steady profit.

The horror film Orphan: The First Kill cost $10 million, and the global box office cost $37 million, with a return ratio of 3.7 times.

The production cost of the comedy "Idiot is funny forever" is 10 million US dollars, and the global box office is 80 million US dollars, with a return ratio of 8 times.

The production cost of the fantasy comedy "Instant Universe" starring Yang Ziqiong is $25 million, and the global box office is $104 million, with a return ratio of four times. Because it was created by a Chinese team and has a Chinese theme, it has made Instant Universe an annual film that has attracted much attention. The Saturn Award held by the American Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Film gave this film the best fantasy film award, and Yang Ziqiong won the best actress award. She may even hit the Oscar winner in 2023 with this film.

The drama The Girl in the Deep Swamp, which contains elements of love, youth and suspense, cost $24 million to make and earned $140 million at the global box office, with a return ratio of 5.83 times. This film is adapted from the best-selling novel "Where the Wrecks Sing" and can also be regarded as an IP work.

The production cost of channing tatum’s road film "Loyal Dog" was $15 million, and the global box office was $85 million, with a return ratio of 5.67 times. When the star is the director, there is another success story in Hollywood.

Co-production of "355" Moonfall suffered huge losses.

It can be seen that the movies that make money are IP sequels produced by several major studios and low-cost dark horse movies. Most of the losses this year are concentrated on high-cost original movies, co-productions and cartoons with superstars.

In fact, the films produced by the six major Hollywood studios will not lose too much even if some box offices are less than expected.

Like the high-investment blockbuster Fantastic Animals 3 and Black Adam, the worst box office in the world can be about twice the production cost.

Medium-and high-investment films with an investment of 50-90 million US dollars, such as Tickets to Paradise, Bullet Train, Lost City, No, Dr. Night: Morbius, DC Meng Chong Task Force, Dahomey Woman Warrior, Crocodile Lai Lai and Tragedy on the Nile, all have a return ratio of 1.5-2.8 times, and rarely lose everything.

Only a few people can make huge losses, especially animated films this year.

Disney’s animated film Strange World, which cost $135-180 million, earned only $67 million at the global box office, Pixar’s $200 million at the global box office, and Universal Pictures’ $130 million at the global box office.

The overall performance of animated films is weak this year. Except for Little Yellow Man with Big Eyes 2, the box office of Sonik the Hedgehog 2 and League of Bad Guys are also average, and the profit ratio of global box office/production cost is 4.48 times and 3.57 times respectively. It’s been a long time since we saw an explosion like Frozen Zootopia.

There is also a huge loss of high-investment co-productions and feature films.

Directed by roland emmerich (The Day After Tomorrow), the production cost of the Moonfall, which China Company participated in, was $138-150 million, and the global box office was $67 million, which was a great tragedy in the film circle in 2022.

Five international superstars including Fan Bingbing, Jessica Chastain, Penélope Cruz Sánchez , lupita nyongo and diane kruger were assembled. The production cost of the action film "355" directed by simon kinberg, the director of "X-Men: Dark Phoenix", was 75 million US dollars, and the global box office was only 28 million US dollars.

The epic film "Nordic", which was released by Focus Pictures in the United States and assembled Alexander Skarsgard, Nicole Kidman and other luxury lineups, cost $60-90 million to make and earned $70 million at the global box office.

The feature film Amsterdam directed by David O. Russell and starring Christian Bale, Margot Elise Robbie and John David Washington cost US$ 80 million to produce and earned US$ 31 million at the global box office.

The action movie Black Gold Rescue starring veteran movie star liam neeson, the crime comedy The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent starring Nicolas Cage, the musical Cyrano starring "Little Devil" Peter Dinklage, and the romantic movie Superstar Marry, starring jennifer lopez, all failed to meet expectations at the box office, and some are facing losses.

As can be seen from this year’s profit and loss list, the probability of loss of super blockbusters and low-cost movies is relatively small, and the losers are often medium-and high-cost movies that don’t rely on both sides. This is also the reason for the gradual imbalance within Hollywood over the years. It should have been two small ends and a big middle, but the reality is that the middle is gradually shrinking.

In terms of appearance, the appearance of the 2020 rav4 is basically the same as that of the cash, and the configuration is mainly adjusted to improve the cost performance. Externally, the 2020 Toyota rav4 adopts a large-size hexagonal air intake grille with thick horizontal decorative strips. At the rear of the car, the design of the new car echoes the front face, and the circular taillights on both sides are connected by a chrome-plated decorative strip. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 4600 × 1855 × 1680mm and the wheelbase is 2690mm.

In terms of interior, the new car basically follows the design of the current model. In addition, the new car will also provide two-color body, electric folding/heating of exterior rearview mirror, 18-inch wheel rim, led front fog light, led high-position brake light, shark fin antenna, chrome-plated door handle, electric trunk tailgate, chrome-plated license plate frame, panoramic image, semi-automatic parking, active folding/heating of exterior rearview mirror, keyless entry/start system, dual-zone independent constant temperature air conditioning and 12-way electric adjustment of driver’s seat.

The length of the car is 4600mm, the width of the car body reaches 1855mm, and the wheelbase is 2690mm, which is quite satisfactory. In the same class, the wheelbase of RAV4 is ranked 79 th. As an SUV, its body size does not occupy much advantage in its class, and its internal seating space is only basically enough. After all, it is limited by the length and shape of the body. The design of skylight also increases the subjective space feeling of front and rear passengers. Among the models of the same price and class, the trunk volume of RAV4 Rongfang ranks 13th. It can basically meet the luggage space for family travel. But there is no extra hidden storage space.

Toyota RAV4 rongfang is equipped with a combination of 2.5 naturally aspirated engine (mixed injection) and electronic continuously variable transmission (E-CVT). 2.5 The engine configuration is quite satisfactory in the power performance of RAV4, and the low torque is weak and the hysteresis can be felt. Ranked 48 th among 120,000-180,000 SUV models.

The active/passive safety configuration of RAV4 Rongfang is complete, includingAutomatic parking、Zero tire pressure endurance tire、Automatic parking、Steep slope descent、hill start assist control、knee airbag、HUD head-up display、Anti-lock braking (ABS)、Braking force distribution (EBD/CBC, etc.)、Brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.)、Traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.)、Active noise reduction、Engine start and stop、Side safety air curtain、Wireless charging of mobile phone、night vision system、LED daytime running lights、Forward reversing radar、Tire pressure monitoring、Steering wheel heating、Body stability control (ESP/DSC, etc.)、Rear reversing radar、Fatigue reminder、Remote parking、Child seat interface、Lane keeping (LKAS)Equal configuration.

Among them,Automatic parkingYou can avoid stepping on the brakes for a long time or needing to pull frequently;Steep slope descentCan safely pass through steep slope road conditions at low speed;knee airbagReduce the injury of the car interior to the occupant’s knees in the secondary collision.

If the above data and participation can’t fully understand RAV4 Rongfang, then we can give you a more comprehensive reference based on the word-of-mouth information of users who have purchased RAV4 Rongfang in history. It can be seen that what everyone is most satisfied with RAV4 Rongfang is that its appearance is mature and stable, and good sound and advanced interior are also the points that everyone likes it.

　　On the eve of the 2024 Chengdu Auto Show, the report team in front of Sina Auto took pictures of some new cars on the booth. According to the previous news, Jetway’s Shanhai T1, Shanhai T2 four-wheel drive version, Shanhai L7 and other models will be unveiled at this year’s Chengdu Auto Show, and Shanhai L7 will announce the pre-sale price.

　　Shanhai L7 new car is positioned as a medium-sized SUV, with a highly scientific and technological appearance and square style. The penetrating LED daytime running lights are placed on the front hatch cover, and the integrated far and near main lights below are arranged on both sides, decorated with blackened decorative pieces, and the bottom adopts a large-size trapezoidal radiator.

　　The X70 shape is basically extended directly to the side, with a sharp waistline, and the window glass is small in size, and the window edge line rises behind the C-pillar, which is very powerful. The length, width and height of the new car are 4749x1900x1720 mm and the wheelbase is 2745 mm.

　　The shape of the tail is sporty, the top is equipped with a spoiler, the lower enclosure is decorated with silver, and the hidden exhaust layout is adopted. The most eye-catching design is the through taillight, and the short vertical light guide bar is used inside, which is three-dimensional and profound, and the effect is very eye-catching after lighting.

　　The cockpit has a regular T-shaped layout, and the center console has a suspended design, equipped with three large screens, including full LCD instrument, central control panel and air conditioning display screen. D-shaped three-spoke multi-function steering wheel, rectangular air conditioning air outlet, a touch screen and two knobs are also provided below to control air conditioning and air volume, providing wireless charging of dual mobile phones, and the electronic gear lever is located behind the steering wheel.

　　In terms of power, Jietu Shanhai L7 is equipped with Kunpeng super hybrid C-DM system, which consists of a 1.5T four-cylinder turbocharged engine and dual motors, matched with a 2-speed DHT gearbox. The maximum power of the engine is 115kW, the total power of the motor is 199KW, the total torque is 395Nm, and the maximum speed is 180km/h..

　　Shanhai T1 compact plug-in hybrid SUV adopts the latest design language of the family, and the visual effect is also hard-core. The front face is also designed with a matrix grille, and a double-layer light source layout is added above it, with petal headlights on both sides, and equipped with a digital light and shadow grille. After lighting, it has a good sense of science and technology. The lower enclosure has been blackened, and different design adjustments have been made in the details.

　　The shape design of the square box is maintained on the side of the car body, and the straight waistline runs from the front of the car to the rear of the car. The design with large-size wheels is very domineering. The roof rack, window area, lower skirt guard, wheel eyebrows and other places are blackened, which forms a contrast color with the car body color matching and has obvious stylization.

　　In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 4706x1967x1845mm and the wheelbase is 2810 mm. Approach angle is 36.6, departure angle is 25, maximum climbing degree is 35, passing angle is 22.5, and ground clearance is 235 mm.

　　The tail has a square shape, and the interior of the split taillights on both sides has been blackened. A decorative plate with the same color of the car body has been added in the center, which enhances a certain sense of fashion and the lower surrounding shape is rough.

　　The interior still maintains the design style of science and technology, and the center console is composed of 10.25-inch embedded full LCD instrument and 15.6-inch suspended central control panel. The new car adopts an irregular multi-function steering wheel, and a row of physical buttons are reserved under the central control screen to facilitate driving operation. The car has built-in latest system, and supports OTA upgrade, car networking, online navigation and other functions.

　　In terms of power, Jietu Shanhai T1 adopts Chery Kunpeng super hybrid C-DM technology and is equipped with Chery 1.5TGDI hybrid engine, which can output a maximum power of 115kW and a maximum speed of 180 km/h. The high-profile models will be equipped with a four-wheel drive system.

　　Shanhai T2 electric four-wheel drive version can be regarded as a plug-in version of Jetway Traveler. This car has already launched a two-wheel drive version before, and we shot a four-wheel drive version. On the whole, the appearance of the new car basically completely continues the shape of the two-wheel drive version and maintains the well-received Founder hard-core design style.

　　The body size of the new car is the same as that of Shanhai T2 two-wheel drive version, with the length, width and height of 4785mm*2006mm*1875mm and the wheelbase of 2800mm respectively.

　　The change in power is the most remarkable. It is equipped with a hybrid system consisting of a 1.5T engine and a motor, in which the maximum power of the engine is 115kW, and the matching capacity is 43.244kWh The newly added P4 motor brings independent driving capability to the rear axle, and at the same time it bursts with the maximum power of 455kW and the peak torque of 920 N m..

　　It is worth mentioning that Jietu Shanhai T2 four-wheel drive version is also equipped with tank steering function and CCO intelligent off-road crawling mode, and retains Jietu traveler’s XWD intelligent four-wheel drive and intelligent switching 7+X driving mode.

　　Shanhai L6 is a compact SUV, which has been listed before, and three versions have been launched. The official guide price range is 123,900-144,900 yuan.

　　Shanhai L6 adopts the aesthetic design of national style in appearance, with large front volume, closed front face with irregular headlights and exaggerated integrated front enclosure, which shows a strong sports science and technology atmosphere as a whole.

　　The side of Shanhai L6 adopts the popular coupe SUV design, and the shoulder line also enhances the sense of strength on the side of the car. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 4630x1910x1684(1690)mm and the wheelbase is 2720mm respectively. It also provides six car colors: Moonlight White, Vanilla Blue, Star Fog Silver, Star Black, Phantom Grey and Bibo Blue.

　　The shape of the rear part is concise, the lines are regular, which stretches the horizontal vision, and the wide black rear surround is equipped with the popular through LED taillights. The bottom of the rear of the car is surrounded by black and the design of the diffuser enhances a certain sense of movement.

　　As for the interior, Shanhai L6 adopts a family-style T-shaped layout, equipped with a 9.2-inch embedded LCD instrument panel and a 15.6-inch central control panel, and equipped with 8155 Qualcomm Snapdragon chip, which supports the mainstream car functions. In terms of intelligent driving, the new car is equipped with 11 assisted driving functions and 540 panoramic images.

　　In terms of power, Shanhai L6 is equipped with Chery’s fifth-generation Kunpeng super hybrid C-DM system, which consists of 1.5T engine+stepless electric hybrid DHT gearbox+motor. The maximum power and torque of the engine are 115kW and 220N·m, and the maximum power and torque of a single motor can be 150kW and 310N·m respectively.

　　In the battery part, the new car is equipped with a 19.43-degree ternary lithium battery pack. The CLTC has a pure electric cruising range of 125km and a comprehensive cruising range of over 1400km.

　　[car home Technology] After driving for a certain mileage, vehicles often have slightly different driving feelings from new cars, and the reason for this is ultimately attributed to the components that make up the vehicle. Therefore, we have done such a thing, completely disassembling a family car that has traveled 100,000 kilometers in a short time, which is the first time for us.

　　Because it is the first time to make such a topic, we found many problems in the planning process, which may lead to the failure of the dismantling project, such as the dismantling site, vehicles used for dismantling and related technical support. Therefore, we finally decided to cooperate with automobile manufacturers. After a long period of communication, Dongfeng Nissan Qichen accepted our proposal.

● Why choose a car that travels 100,000 kilometers for disassembly?

　　The reason why the mileage of 100,000 kilometers is selected is because when a car travels more than 100,000 kilometers, some faults and problems will gradually emerge, which has little to do with the brand and price of the vehicle, that is to say, even millions of high-end brand vehicles may have various problems.

　　By disassembling a vehicle traveling 100,000 kilometers (disassembling it to the most basic component level, such as a bolt or a bearing), we can tell you which components will wear, especially the chassis system and powertrain system, which are normal and which are abnormal, and how these wear will be related to the final vehicle performance. In this process, we will also tell you how to reduce this unnecessary wear in daily use.

●　Which car to dismantle?

　　Initially, we had several basic requirements for vehicle selection:

　　1. The longer the mileage is on the basis of 100,000 kilometers, the better;
　　2. The vehicle has not been modified in power and performance, and it is all set by the original factory;
　　3. The vehicle has not had any accidents;
　　4. The vehicle is the original paint;
　　5. The vehicle is normally maintained in the 4S shop according to the regulations.

　　The vehicle has not been modified and has not had an accident. At the same time, these conditions are maintained normally, and some interference factors are eliminated as much as possible. Only in this way can the contents presented by disassembly be more representative. Based on the above points, (click for details) we have collected vehicles in the forum. In addition, you may also see the collection information of vehicles in the 4S shop. After screening, a Qichen D50 was finally locked.

● Ran 100 thousand kilometers a year!

　　The Qichen D50 we chose has a mileage of more than 100,000 kilometers in more than one year, and the average daily mileage is more than 300 kilometers. We only know the reason by asking the owner. Because of business needs, car owners often drive back and forth between cities in the Pearl River Delta region. Most of the roads they drive are high-speed and relatively smooth national roads, while the rest are relatively congested and complicated urban roads.

● Where shall we open it?

　　Such disassembly requires the cooperation of the site and relevant personnel. At the same time, we also hope to send the vehicle to a professional institution for testing and verify the state of the vehicle through the test data. Based on the above demand, we transported the vehicle to Dongfeng Nissan Factory in Xiangyang City, Hubei Province for disassembly. It is worth mentioning that it can also be borrowed from the professional test site in the factory to evaluate the vehicle subjectively.

●　Basic information of the vehicle

　　This Qichen D50 was produced in April 2012, and the specific model is the 2012 1.6L manual comfort version. The owner bought this car in June last year. After buying a car, the owner first installed an electric rearview mirror in the 4S shop (it is indeed a very practical configuration, and the manufacturer seems to realize this, which became the standard of the whole department on the 2013 Qichen D50), an anti-theft device, a leather seat and a reversing radar. We found a slight crack at the adjusting button of the electric rearview mirror, which may be caused by the later installation.

　　For more than a year, the owner carried out routine maintenance in the 4S shop according to the provisions of the maintenance manual. At the same time, during the use process, the owner himself felt that there was abnormal noise at the position of the generator and the front shock absorber. After going to the 4S shop for inspection and maintenance, he finally replaced the generator and the right front shock absorber free of charge through the claim procedure. In addition, before lifting the new car, the engine harness was damaged due to the storage problem of the car, so the engine harness was also replaced.

● Owner’s evaluation of the car　

　　In more than a year’s use, the owner is satisfied with the overall performance of the car, and there has never been any breakdown on the way to and from the city. Because it is located in the high humidity and high heat environment in the south, the owner turns on the air conditioner every time he gets on the bus. According to the road conditions explained earlier, the fuel consumption is more than 6 liters per 100 kilometers, and the owner is quite satisfied with this fuel consumption. The owner also thinks that the noise of the engine of the car is relatively small and the gear is very clear. In addition, the owner is also very satisfied with the space performance of the car and the cooling effect of the air conditioner. As for the shortage, the owner thinks that the interior of Qichen D50 is too simple, and I think this is also a compromise that has to be made from the perspective of cost control.

● Editor’s subjective driving experience (static+dynamic evaluation)

　　The vehicle has been explained clearly, and after listening to the owner’s feelings about the car, let’s make a subjective evaluation. Let’s see what changes will happen to the vehicle driving 100,000 kilometers from the most intuitive feeling. To this end,We found a 2013 1.6L manual deluxe version of Qichen D50 (hereinafter referred to as the new car) with a mileage of only over 2,000 kilometers for comparison, thusFeel the difference and difference more obviously.

-Good appearance and interior color.

　　　Perhaps it is because of the relatively short service life and the care of the owner. In short, it is difficult for us to associate this car with driving 100,000 kilometers through static observation. Its appearance and interior color are good, and all functions of the vehicle are normal.

-Abnormal sound may come from generator pulley bearing.

　　After landing, under the condition of quiet external environment, there was abnormal noise coming from the pulley side of the engine crankshaft, and it was preliminarily judged that it came from the pulley bearing of the generator. If this is the case, it can be seen that the generator assembly replaced by claim has the same problem again. But whether the abnormal sound comes from here or not, we have to wait until the disassembly to find the real answer.

　-There is slight abnormal sound at the stop bar.

　　We found that this old car will have a slight abnormal noise when it is in gear, but it will not affect the clarity of gear and the feel of shifting. We feel that this abnormal noise is probably caused by the lack of adequate lubrication of the gear selection mechanism. In the later disassembly, we will further confirm the cause of the problem.

-The noise of the old car is slightly louder than that of the new one.

　　In terms of noise, we selected two points: idle speed and 80km/h (the engine speed is about 2000rpm after the manual gear D50 is engaged in the fifth gear at this speed) to compare and test the new car and the old car. From the results, the new car is better than the old car with a mileage of 100 thousand kilometers, but the advantage is relatively small, especially when idling, the abnormal noise from the pulley of the old car leads to the obvious noise of the old car in idling. In fact, the increase of noise is an unavoidable problem for any vehicle, because the rubber and related materials that play a role in sealing and sound insulation will age to a certain extent with the passage of time, which will lead to the noise can enter, thus making the noise of vehicles rise slightly.

-The dynamic performance of the old car is better than that of the new car before the running-in period.

　　In addition, we entrust a third-party testing organization to test the dynamic performance of two Qichen (one new and one old) (the tires are all new tires of the same brand and series). Judging from the final results, the dynamic performance of the old car that has traveled for 100,000 kilometers is better than that of the new car, and it is not unusual to see this situation. After all, the new car is still in the running-in period, and the power and chassis system have not yet reached the best running-in state. In addition, although the old car has been fully run-in, there will be a certain degree of attenuation in the power system, but the attenuation of this car is not obvious because of its good driving condition, which can also be confirmed by the disassembly of the engine and transmission of the old car in our later period.

-the new car is tighter and the old car is slightly loose.

　　In terms of actual driving experience, we choose to carry out it in a closed test site, where there are many different roads that can simulate the bumps, twists, speed bumps, asphalt roads, stone roads and gravel roads that vehicles may encounter when driving on actual roads.

　　By comparing the test drive of two vehicles, the first obvious feeling is that the new car is more compact and complete, while the old car is slightly loose. When passing through cobblestone sections, the interior parts of the two cars will have obvious abnormal noise, while the old car is more prominent. I think this may be related to the deformation of the plastic parts in the car after a certain period of use and the change of assembly clearance.

　　When I was driving at a speed of about 20km/h on a twisted road with ups and downs, I could obviously feel that the potential energy of the spring could not be reduced and absorbed quickly because of the performance attenuation of the shock absorber in the old car, which made the body bounce relatively greatly, while the body bounce of the new car was smaller. Based on this, we have to dismantle the shock absorber destructively in the later stage to see what happened inside the shock absorber, and please pay attention to our subsequent disassembly report.

Summary:

　　Through subjective driving experience, we have a preliminary understanding of the basic situation of the vehicle. In terms of appearance, interior and various functions of the vehicle, the vehicle has maintained a relatively new level. However, after all, I have already traveled 100,000 kilometers, and I immediately felt the obvious difference through driving. We have also recorded some good or bad situations found, and we will find the corresponding answers for everyone in the later disassembly. (Text/car home Feng Jingyi)

Next notice:

　　At the beginning of this topic, this paper mainly explains the daily use of this vehicle which has traveled for 100,000 kilometers. In addition, we will also analyze the subjective evaluation of static and dynamic driving, and find the answer to the question through detailed disassembly in the later period.

　　[car home Technology] With the increase of mileage, the aging characteristics of vehicles are becoming more and more obvious. For drivers, abnormal noise is the most intuitive category. As mentioned in our previous article, the owner judges that there may be some problems in the vehicle based on abnormal noise, and the subsequent inspection results also confirm the reliability of this intuition, and those silent changes are also taking place. We ended them when the odometer of Qichen D50 entered the 100,000-kilometer mark. This article will show you the situation of the body and chassis.

　　If you don’t know what we are doing, it is necessary for you to know the contents of the first stage, such as why we are doing this, how we choose the car, and of course, the general situation of disassembling the car is also very important. (Click for details)

The second stage: body disassembly

　　Don’t underestimate the structure of this energy-absorbing box. Through literal understanding, we know that its function is to absorb collision energy by virtue of its own deformation in the event of collision, so as to reduce the impact on the back.

　　It’s easy to say, but it needs careful design to achieve better energy absorption effect. On the one hand, the wrinkle design on its surface divides the energy absorption process of the energy absorption box into three parts, which makes the energy absorption process of each part relatively independent and stable, and the position and amplitude of these two folds are obviously calculated through a lot of calculations. In addition, the energy-absorbing box connected by bolts can effectively control the maintenance cost.

　　In the energy-absorbing box, different cars have different structures, some cars are not equipped with energy-absorbing boxes, some cars are equipped with energy-absorbing boxes but have no wrinkle design. In addition, there is a difference in the connection mode of energy-absorbing boxes. Some cars’ energy-absorbing boxes are connected with anti-collision beams and longitudinal beams by welding.

☆ Door disassembly

Further disassembly in the car

　　The next step is to disassemble the car body further. In the end, what we see is just a car body, just like the car body we see in the painting workshop every time we visit the factory. Although it is impossible for us to judge the anti-corrosion ability of the car body by using it for more than one year, when it is "naked" in front of us, we can clearly see the structure of the car body and the workmanship inside and outside. This is also a very noteworthy link.

☆ Passenger compartment structure

　　As we all know, the coating process carried out in the vehicle manufacturing process can ensure the corrosion resistance of the car body. As long as the paint surface of the car body is not damaged in the later use of the car, in general, the car body steel plate can be guaranteed not to be rusted in 10 years. Of course, the process of the steel plate itself is also very important. We learned from the manufacturer that the Qichen D50 uses galvanized steel plate with good corrosion resistance, which also ensures the aging resistance of the car body to a certain extent.

☆ Details of the cover

☆ The mystery of pedal

　　As we expected, there are no signs of years such as rust or dim color on the surface of the car body. For such a car with a driving time of about one year, it is really difficult to judge its anti-corrosion performance, but in any case, we can still gain something in the process of disassembling the car body, such as the materials and structure of the car body.

The third stage: chassis disassembly

　　According to our previous experience of comparing the test drive of new and old models, Qichen, which has traveled for 10,000 kilometers, did show some fatigue in the chassis link. For example, after passing through the ditch and ridge road for many times in a row, the vibration absorber’s ability to restrain the body shaking has declined, and we hope to find the answer in the subsequent disassembly.

● Suspension disassembly

● Front suspension disassembly

　　The front suspension structure of Qichen D50 is McPherson-style, and the process of detaching it from the car body together with the subframe is not complicated. The subframe and the car body are connected by four bolts, but before loosening them, we need to disconnect the connection between the damping strut and the car body and the engine support elements, and then the suspension assembly and the engine are detached together. Next, we will analyze the suspension disassembly, and the engine disassembly will be arranged at the end.

☆ steering rod ball

　　Under normal circumstances, the car that has traveled for 100,000 kilometers is prone to problems, which is the abnormal sound or looseness caused by the aging of the rubber parts of the chassis. The ball head of the steering rod is a part that is prone to problems. The ball head of the steering rod is responsible for connecting the steering rod and the steering knuckle. Besides the ball head, there is lubricating oil in it. Once the rubber sleeve outside is damaged due to aging, on the one hand, the lubricating oil will leak out; on the other hand, dust, dirt and rain may also enter the ball head, which will accelerate the wear of the ball head, and then the damping force on the swing of the ball head will become smaller, and its interior will begin to wear and gradually become loose.

　　For the driver, it may be felt that the virtual position of the steering wheel is getting bigger (loose and spacious, which can be felt by shaking the wheels with both hands after lifting the car). On the other hand, it will also affect the stability of the vehicle when it is dynamic to some extent. From the disassembly of Qichen D50, we can see that the steering rod ball head is in good condition, and the steering wheel is not found to be too empty during the previous test drive, so it can be judged that there is no problem in this part. However, the aging of rubber covers is also related to time, which generally does not happen when the car is used for more than one year.

☆ Steering knuckle and bearing

● Rear suspension disassembly

　　The rear suspension of Qichen D50 adopts the longitudinal arm torsion beam structure, and the simple structure is the advantage of this kind of suspension structure, especially for compact cars like Qichen D50, it is particularly important to contribute more space to the interior of the car.

● Brake pad wear

● Disassemble shock absorber

　　The situation that the body sway can not be suppressed as soon as possible is mostly directly related to the shock absorber. With the increase of mileage, its performance will gradually decline. In addition, continuous and high-intensity work will also reduce its performance.

　　Before disassembling, we made a static comparison of the height of the car body. In the case of no load, there was no obvious difference between the heights of the old and new cars, which to some extent showed that there was no big problem with the springs supporting the height of the car body. Next, we will further disassemble the shock absorber strut and shock absorber.

　　This kind of shock absorber with double-tube structure is widely used in ordinary household cars. After many times of intensive work, the hydraulic oil and air inside may be mixed together, which will lead to a large number of bubbles in the hydraulic oil. In this state, the performance of the hydraulic oil is bound to be greatly affected. This may be the reason why the car body shaking in Qichen D50 cannot be suppressed as soon as possible. The above is only our theoretical analysis according to the structure.

● Vibration isolation state between spring and car body

● Abnormal wear of tires

☆ Wear difference between front and rear tires

　　When cleaning up the workshop, we accidentally found that the removed tires showed signs of abnormal wear. Usually, this is related to the four-wheel alignment of the vehicle and daily use.

　　According to our understanding, the tires of this Qichen D50 have not been changed during the driving period of 100,000 kilometers. Only during the maintenance period, the maintenance technician found that the wear of the front and rear tires was obviously different, and the front and rear tires were switched. However, we can still see some clues from the wear of the tire surface.

　　For most (engine-front) vehicles, because the center of gravity of the vehicle is relatively forward, the pressure on the front tire is greater. According to the physical definition, the friction between the tire and the ground is greater when the contact area is fixed. In contrast, the wear of the front tire is more serious than that of the rear tire.

　　From this point of view, it is very necessary for us to switch the front and rear tires regularly during our daily car use, which can make the wear state of the front and rear tires more uniform, thus delaying the service life of the tires. Specifically, the front-back exchange or diagonal exchange can be adopted, but if the tire has a rolling direction mark, then the same side can only be used for the front-back exchange when the tire is transposed. This requires special attention.

☆ Eccentric wear of tires

　　In addition to the difference between the front and rear tires, the tires used as front wheels for a long time have eccentric wear. From the tire surface, the degree of wear on the outer side is more serious.

　　This may be a problem with the four-wheel alignment of the vehicle, but it may also be caused by the tire being in a state of insufficient air pressure for a long time. Modern cars tend to set camber to a negative value to improve the driving stability of the vehicle. If the tire is in a state of insufficient air pressure, it will aggravate the wear on the outside of the tire when the vehicle turns.

Editor’s summary:

　　The Qichen D50, with a mileage of over 100,000 kilometers, shows no obvious signs of aging in the body and chassis. Among them, because the service life of the vehicle is about 1 year, and under normal circumstances, the painting process can ensure that the car body will not be rusted for 10 years, so it is difficult to fully show the anti-corrosion state of the car body. In addition, in the chassis link, we focused on the problem of vehicle body sloshing after passing through the ditch and ridge. Through structural analysis, after many bumps, the mixing of oil and gas in the shock absorber may be the chief culprit leading to damping attenuation. No signs of aging were found in the rubber bushings between the various connectors of the chassis. On the one hand, the quality of the components themselves was excellent, on the other hand, it was related to driving habits and car use time. In the next article, we will disassemble the powertrain. Compared with the body and chassis, the driving of 100,000 kilometers is a greater test for this part. (Photo/Text car home Li Boxu)

　　[car home Technology] In the first two issues, we made a subjective evaluation of a Qichen D50 that has traveled for 100,000 kilometers, and tried to find out the possible changes of the chassis system and the body through disassembly. In this article, we will disassemble the core powertrain in detail to see what changes it will have after 100,000 kilometers of operation.

　　If you don’t know what we are doing, it is necessary for you to understand the contents of the previous stages, such as why we should do this, how we choose the car, and the disassembly of the body and chassis.

The fourth stage: engine disassembly

● Find the source of abnormal noise on one side of the engine pulley.

　　First of all, we have to remove the generator, air conditioning compressor and other accessories from the engine. We turned the pulley of the removed generator by hand, but we didn’t find the abnormal sound we heard in the subjective evaluation before. It can be seen that the abnormal sound didn’t come from this, and finally it was determined that the root cause was the tensioner.

　　Generally, the design concept of Japanese manufacturers is to achieve the initial requirements through the simplest structure as possible, so the design similar to Qichen, which is adjusted by screws, can automatically adjust the tightness of the belt according to the tightness of the belt, although it is not like the automatic tightening wheel designed by German manufacturers, but its advantage lies in its durability.

　　Although the belt connecting the engine accessories is not like the timing belt (most vehicles use timing chain nowadays), once it breaks, the intake and exhaust valves of the engine will be seriously damaged, but it also needs to be checked daily. If it strikes, the generator will not work and the vehicle will break down.

● Cooling circulation system

● clutch

● Wear of crank-connecting rod mechanism and valve timing mechanism

　　Both crank-connecting rod mechanism and valve timing structure run well after 100 thousand kilometers. Although you can clearly see the friction marks, they are all normal phenomena. This is not only due to the manufacturing accuracy, but also due to the engine oil, and changing the engine oil regularly is the best protection for these metal parts that are always in a harsh environment.

●　Variable valve timing system with high requirements for oil cleanliness

● Carbon deposition in injector and piston

● Carbon deposition in intake and exhaust systems

　　Although we often mention the word "carbon deposit", it will still be incredible when we see these things strongly attached to the relevant parts of the engine. Indeed, no matter how good the oil, car habits, car environment and other conditions are, carbon deposition is always inevitable, but some cars are more serious and some cars are less serious. For example, it is easier to form carbon deposition when driving on congested roads in cities, and once it is formed, it is difficult to completely remove it.

Stage 5: Disassembly of manual transmission

　　For friends who don’t know much about the structure of manual transmission, it is strongly recommended to click on the article "Manual transmission you don’t know: the mystery under the shift lever" to learn.

Full text summary:

　　After 100 thousand kilometers, the powertrain system is still in good condition, especially the degree of wear is low, so the importance of regular maintenance is self-evident. However, the generation of carbon deposit is inevitable. When it is serious, it will have a great impact on fuel consumption and power. If you want to completely remove it, you must completely disassemble the engine to solve it.

　　At this point, our topic of "100,000-kilometer vehicle dismantling" is over. Through dismantling, we show you what changes will happen to a vehicle that travels 100,000 kilometers, so as to help you develop good driving habits and strengthen the daily inspection and maintenance of the vehicle. As the saying goes, "three-point repair and seven-point maintenance", only in this way can we better enjoy the life of owning a car. (Text/car home Feng Jingyi)