The situation in Ukraine has changed dramatically. Re-read Young Guards to understand the history 80 years ago.

Qianjiang evening news Hour News Trainee Reporter Liu Yuhan
On February 24th, Russia took military action against Ukraine, and the situation in Ukraine changed dramatically in one day.
We want to know more about Ukraine.
The novel "Young Guards" written by the former Soviet writer fadeev is worth reading. This book tells how young people bravely fought against German fascism 80 years ago, and the story took place in the small Ukrainian town of Krasnoton.
Krasnoton is a coal mining city in Lugansk, which belongs to Donbass region of eastern Ukraine.
In July, 1942, Deco advanced on the city of Krasnoton, and the local residents retreated in a planned way. A group of young people spontaneously formed the underground anti-fascist organization "Young Guards", launched a series of struggles with the enemy and finally died heroically.
This novel is not a complete fiction. The Young Guards is based on real stories in history.
It was in 1943 that people learned about the deeds of these young people.
On February 14th, Krasnoton was liberated by the Soviet Red Army. On the second day of liberation, people found a large number of dead young people in the No.5 mine, and later 71 bodies were dug up one after another. They are the soldiers of the "Youth Guards" and the local underground party organizations.
On July 20, 1942, the Germans occupied the city of KraSnowden. Shortly thereafter, the local Communist Youth League members spontaneously set up an underground resistance organization, the Youth Guards. This organization has about one hundred members, male and female, and the youngest member is only fourteen years old. The Youth Guards were active until January 1943.
In these five months, the Youth Guards printed and distributed more than 5,000 anti-fascist leaflets in Krasnoton, revealing the real situation on the front line, refuting the demagogic propaganda of the German occupation army, and calling on the people to fight against the German aggressors.
Members of this organization, together with the underground communist party member, destroyed the electromechanical workshop and prevented Nazi Germany from using the Donbass area for arms production.
On the eve of the 25th anniversary of the October Revolution in 1942, the Youth Guards hung eight red flags on the tallest buildings in KraSnowden and its suburbs. On the evening of 5 December, the Youth Guards set fire to the building of the German Labor Exchange (known as the "Black Exchange" by the locals) and burned the labor materials there, thus saving about 2,000 young men and women from Krasnoden from being taken to Germany.
Why did the youth guards with such efficient organization and decisive action only be active for five months?
The turning point took place in January 1943.
At that time, the Soviets defeated the Germans at the front line of Stalingrad. The news came that the Young Guards were preparing to hold an armed uprising and destroy the German garrison, thus cooperating with the advancing troops of the Red Army.
However, a traitor appeared in the organization. Shortly before the planned uprising date, the Youth Guards were exposed.
Forty-nine members of the organization and 22 members of the Lugansk underground party were arrested, and soon they were all thrown into the 58-meter-deep pit of No.5 mine in KraSnowden. Some people were shot there before, and others were pushed into deep pits and buried alive.
It was not until 1943 that Krasnoton was finally liberated that they were discovered.
On March 1, 1943, they were buried in the Communist Youth League Park in Krasnoton Center. All five leaders of the Young Guards had died and were posthumously awarded the title of Soviet hero.
Thirteen other members of the organization were also on the arrest list of the German occupation forces, but they managed to escape. Seven of them went to the front to continue their struggle against the invaders, and three of them died in the subsequent battles.
In 1945, fadeev, a Soviet writer, wrote their story into the novel Young Guards.
After the book was published, it had a great response in China.
The comic book Young Guards published by People’s Fine Arts Publishing House in 1977 was adapted from this novel and painted by Hua Sanchuan, which is a childhood memory of many people.
In 1948, the film Young Guards directed by Sergei Gerasimov of the former Soviet Union also told this story.
The first novel bought by Liang Xiaosheng, the author and writer of In the World, is Young Guards.
In the interview, he recalled: "The Young Guards was broadcast by our radio station, and there was not much printing, so I just heard it and couldn’t find it anywhere. Later, if there is one in the bookstore, you must buy one. "
At that time, there was only one book (regardless of the upper and lower parts), nearly 400 pages, and it cost more than one yuan and twenty cents, which was a relatively expensive book. At that time, his parents’ salary was about 40 yuan.
"My mother worked as a sewing machine worker in a factory in the street. That was the first time I entered my mother’s factory. It is very important for our family to earn 17 or 18 yuan a month. I asked my mother for money to buy books. At that time, a woman worker nearby tried to stop it,’ You feed them, drink them, go to school, and read casual books for them. But my mother is still willing to give me money to buy books. "
Liang Xiaosheng wrote this scene into the novel Mother’s Love for Mother, which was selected as a primary school Chinese textbook.
Later, Liang Xiaosheng got the Young Guards and got his first novel. 1 yuan’s extra money has built a temple of spiritual world for Liang Xiaosheng, which has also made him step by step on the road of literary creation and propped up a spiritual world of literature.
This article is an original work of qianjiang evening news. Without permission, it is forbidden to reprint, copy, extract, rewrite and spread the copyright of all works on the Internet. Otherwise, this newspaper will pursue the legal responsibility of the infringer through judicial channels.
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In the ten years of JD.COM, under Liu Qiangdong, two forces of internal power changed three times.

A week ago, JD.COM released the unaudited performance report for Q4 2016 and the whole year, in which JD.COM turned losses into profits with a net profit of 1 billion yuan. As soon as the financial report came out, that is, "JD.COM finally trudged out of the mire and entered the profit harvest period", but it also said: "Profit is an illusion created by JD.COM through accounting operations" (JD.COM’s 1 billion profit is calculated according to the No-GAAP caliber, and it is not included in the items that do not involve cash expenditure, such as equity incentives and amortization of intangible assets).
Some people shouted and some people were indifferent.
Whether it is appreciated or opposed, there is no dispute that JD.COM is indeed taking off the hat of loss, and it has taken ten years (counting from the first round of financing in 2007) to prove the correctness of such heavy modes as self-operated e-commerce and self-built logistics.
A reporter asked Liu Qiangdong why JD.COM could do it. Liu Qiangdong’s answer is "team". Perhaps the answer is too high-sounding, and the onlookers will disperse after hearing it. However, last year, with the emergence of Shen Haoyu, Xiong Qingyun and others, people realized that in the past ten years, the "direct" Guan Peisheng team that JD.COM began to cultivate in 2007 really provoked the girder; Before they officially took the stage, JD.COM also tried to find and use the talent ideas of "foreign" executives with multinational company background. During the ten years in JD.COM, the strength of local and foreign talents has changed. "Zhang Pei" people
Looking back at the development process of JD.COM, Hu Wei believes that the management team in Liu Qiangdong has gone through four stages: before 2007, it was the stage of the grass-roots team, and Liu Qiangdong made a statement; From 2007 to 2011, local veterans followed Liu Qiangdong to fight the world; From 2012 to 2015, professional managers of foreign companies took the right to speak; After 2016, veterans returned to power, and Guan Peisheng and other direct executives rose.
Observing the alternation of internal power in JD.COM, we can see the change of Liu Qiangdong’s concept of employing people at different stages.
Veteran and Guan Peisheng
The year 2007 was a turning point in JD.COM. That year, JD.COM got the first financing and entered the fast lane of development. At that time, Xin Xu, the investor of today’s Capital, gave Liu Qiangdong two suggestions: one was to introduce some talented people, and the other was to recruit Guan Peisheng.
Unlike earlier Internet companies such as Netease and Sohu, talented students from Tsinghua of Peking University gathered. JD.COM started selling CDs in Zhongguancun. Except for Liu Qiangdong, who graduated from the National People’s Congress, other early employees generally lacked academic qualifications and professional level. Xin Xu’s proposal, on the one hand, aims to fill the management in JD.COM, and on the other hand, to cultivate middle-level talents in JD.COM from scratch.
In April 2007, Chen Shengqiang (now CEO of Jingdong Finance) joined JD.COM and was in charge of finance. At that time, JD.COM didn’t even have an accountant. After we invested, we said we had to help you find an accountant. He replied that it was ok, but the salary could not be higher than that of the old employees. At that time, the highest salary of old employees in JD.COM was 10,000 yuan per month. I’ve been looking for it, and the better chief financial officer wants a monthly salary of 20 thousand yuan. Later, I found a CFO, and I paid half of my salary and half of my salary in JD.COM. The new CFO has been employed for two months. Liu Qiangdong told me that a person with 20,000 yuan is really better than a person with 5,000 yuan. Then you can find someone for me. " Chen Shengqiang was recommended to Liu Qiangdong by Xin Xu.
Then, Xin Xu pushed Xu Lei, who worked in Haoye Advertising Network at that time, to Liu Qiangdong to be a marketing consultant for JD.COM. After that, Liu Qiangdong hired Yan Xiaoqing, his former boss, to take charge of operations and logistics (Yan was once the second-in-command of JD.COM), and Li Daxue, CTO of Tianji.com, became the technical director (resigned).
At this time, Liu Qiangdong preferred "local" executives. No matter Chen Shengqiang, Xu Lei and Li Daxue, or Liu Shuang (who joined in 2009 and served as the assistant to the president of JD.COM and left) and Wang Zhenhui (who joined JD.COM in April 2010 and is now the senior vice president of JD.COM and the head of the operation system of JD.com), most of them have no experience of studying abroad and have been staying in local Chinese enterprises. This is very different from Ma Yun’s practice of bringing Cai Chongxin when he founded Alibaba.
At this point, JD.COM swept away the previous model of small workshops and began to have the prototype of the regular army.
These foreign executives have drastically upgraded the department planning, basic system and information system in JD.COM, which has boosted the rapid growth of JD.COM since 2007.
Because JD.COM’s initial team was too grassroots, and most of the positions were added in the development process, the first round of executive airborne did not cause too much conflict between the old and the new. The executives who entered this period can be regarded as the old management who started their business with Liu Qiangdong.
For senior management positions, JD.COM can’t train from scratch, but for middle managers, Liu Qiangdong is determined to use his own people from the beginning.
"70% of middle managers are promoted internally and 30% are recruited externally." Liu Qiangdong once put forward this goal. In the first session, Liu Qiangdong recruited 2 Guan Peisheng, 8 in the second session, and expanded to nearly 100 in the fifth session. These students will undergo a month-long training, and senior executives including Liu Qiangdong will attend classes in person. Then, after a three-month intensive rotation and a three-month special rotation, the work officially started.
These Guan Peisheng can directly report to Liu Qiangdong himself across the layers of leaders, which is called the fast lane for the youth guards in Liu Qiangdong and the cadres in JD.COM. According to the official data of JD.COM, Guan Peisheng of JD.COM is 4-5 years younger than ordinary employees in the same rank. )
To some extent, when Liu Qiangdong chose Guan Peisheng, he was choosing himself when he was young. "If the family conditions are better and I didn’t suffer much when I was a child, I basically don’t want such people. Comparatively speaking, we hope that Guan Peisheng is a child from an ordinary family or a poor family, and we hope that they are simple, hardworking, willing to contribute their own sweat and skills. " Liu Qiangdong said this when he mentioned Guan Peisheng in his readme.
For a long period of time, local executives+Guan Peisheng became the team match of Liu Qiangdong.
Airborne professional managers
Around 2012, it was another node. Liu Qiangdong said, "In 2012, my most obvious feeling was that many employees were complaining about problems in internal communication and coordination."
This year, in preparation for listing, JD.COM stepped up the layout of management, and the expansion speed of executives reached a peak. At one time, as many as 30 to 40 executives directly reported to Liu Qiangdong. Therefore, Liu Qiangdong tried to build a CXO system, reporting from VP, SVP, CXO and CEO.
Along with this system, a group of top professional managers with bright resumes have filed in. They have the study experience of famous overseas schools and the working background of famous foreign companies, and they have already played a decisive role in the original company, and they have rich experience in international enterprise management.
Shen Haoyu is the first CXO to join. In August 2011, Shen Haoyu joined JD.COM as COO (later CEO of JD.COM Mall). Shen Haoyu’s experience =1992 NPC Finance Department +1997 University of Iowa MBA+ American Express Personal Card Distribution Department Vice President+Sinochem Import & Export+McKinsey +2007 Baidu. He has both foreign investment background and corporate experience in China. Personally, he is also Liu Qiangdong’s senior brother.
After Shen Haoyu joined, he was in charge of customer service, after-sales service, warehousing and other support businesses, as well as regional businesses in South China, Central China and Northeast China. The heads of these business lines changed from reporting directly to Liu Qiangdong to reporting to Shen Haoyu.
Four months later, CTO Wang Yaqing (later resigned) and CMO Lan Ye joined in succession.
Wang Yaqing obtained a master’s degree in automation control from the University of Connecticut in 1995, and served as the global vice president of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. With Wang Yaqing joining, Li Daxue, the former technical director, turned to Wang Yaqing to report.
Before joining JD.COM, CMO Lan Ye was the President of Founder Technology and the Executive Vice President of Acer China. Because of his experience in managing major customer resources and channels, Lan Ye is responsible for the core business, including open platform, self-operated purchasing and marketing (IT digital purchasing and marketing department, consumer electronics purchasing and marketing department, daily necessities purchasing and marketing department, books and audio-visual purchasing and marketing), as well as brand building and marketing work. After Lan Ye joined, veteran Xu Lei turned to Lan Ye to report (Xu Lei left his post briefly in 2011 and then returned to JD.COM).
In addition, Long Yu, former senior vice president of UT Starcom, Qian Yingchun, former director of investment banking department of Bank of America Merrill Lynch, and Li Xi, former vice president of Sony, all joined in this period.
But it was not as smooth as the team integration in 2007. The parachuting of professional managers in foreign companies has caused conflicts between the old and the new. The most direct performance is that in mid-2012, Jiang Haidong, the vice president in charge of logistics and warehousing, and Yi Rang, the vice president in charge of strategic development, left their jobs. They are all veterans who joined JD.COM in 2009, making contributions to the logistics construction and strategy formulation in JD.COM. "The ability of General Manager Jiang and General Manager B is still relatively strong, but a group of super CXO executives have come, and the organizational structure has changed too much, which has caused turmoil among junior vice presidents," said a person familiar with JD.COM.
In the conflict between the old and the new, Liu Qiangdong supported the Westernization School. He did not shy away from saying that JD.COM needed fresh blood, and it was normal for one or two senior executives to leave their jobs, even if they were always old-armed.
But Liu Qiangdong also realized that the team was not integrated. He spent seven or eight months on human resources, and made a 360-degree assessment from grassroots employees to every vice president at that time. The assessment content is mainly about whether their values and JD.COM’s values fit. Liu Qiangdong also pulled all the middle and senior managers to the conference room for a day’s meeting to see what everyone’s values are and how cooperative they are, thus eliminating a number of managers.
The professional managers of these foreign companies didn’t let Liu Qiangdong down. In 2013, Liu Qiangdong delegated authority to study abroad, and after returning from the United States at the end of the year, he had a long talk with all senior executives. This conversation made him find that the three tasks assigned to senior executives, especially several CXOs-personnel reorganization, organizational structure adjustment and process reengineering, have been completed and exceeded his expectations. And after more than a year’s combing and rectification by professional managers of foreign companies, the listing conditions of JD.COM are finally mature.
This great change in JD.COM made Liu Qiangdong realize the usefulness of westernization talents. His reuse of Westernization School also extended to Guan Peisheng. As mentioned above, at first, Liu Qiangdong required Guan Peisheng’s family background to be ordinary and hardworking. However, by the end of 2013, JD.COM launched the International Management Training Program, requiring applicants to have MBA education background from internationally renowned business schools. The starting point of international management students is the director/senior manager level. Compared with domestic management students, international management training is the talent reserve of senior management level.
During this period, foreign executives and foreign management students became Liu Qiangdong’s preferred team collocation.
The veteran returned to power and his clique rose.
In 2016, JD.COM made a series of personnel adjustments. The trend of this tone is that the position of professional managers in foreign companies in JD.COM Group system has declined, while the position of old teams has risen.
First, at the end of June, Xiong Qingyun was transferred from the position of head of the market and became the chief brand officer of the group. Xiong Qingyun, a native Chinese with the highest position in P&G, is regarded as a benchmark among professional managers of foreign-funded enterprises in China. After this adjustment, Xiong Qingyun’s position in JD.COM changed from real to virtual.
In August, Shen Haoyu was changed from CEO of JD.COM Mall to President of JD.COM International Business. JD.COM Group has less than 10 international employees, and there is only a space of less than 100 square meters in the United States. Shen Haoyu is equivalent to "soft class". Media Lei Jianping
In addition, Lan Ye, another representative figure of CXO, was transferred to Chief Public Affairs Officer (CPO) as early as the second half of 2015. Recently, his Title of public attendance was changed to "Executive Vice President".
Correspondingly, the internal power of Xu Lei, Wang Zhenhui and other old employees in JD.COM has risen sharply.
Also in the adjustment in June, Xu Lei and Wang Zhenhui were promoted to senior vice presidents. Xu Lei is in charge of the wireless business in JD.COM and the marketing platform system of the mall. This system consists of platform operation department, platform R&D department, marketing department, public relations department, advertising department and user experience design department. Wang Zhenhui returned to the operation system of JD.COM Mall from Jingdong Intelligent Division and served as the head of the operation system of the mall.
Earlier, JD.COM Mall established 3C Division, Household Appliances Division, Consumer Goods Division and Clothing Home Division, and JD.COM Group Vice Presidents Wang Xiaosong, Yan Xiaobing, Yi Feng and Xin Lijun were highly valued.
The reason for this change may be that JD.COM’s growth momentum suddenly braked. In the first quarter of 2016, JD.COM’s transaction volume increased by 55% year-on-year. Although this is much faster than its main rival Alibaba’s retail platform’s 24% transaction volume growth rate, compared with its own growth of 84% and 79% in the whole year and the fourth quarter of last year, it has obviously slowed down, while its revenue growth is only 47%. In 2016, the promotion of JD.COM 618 was not hot enough.
Some people say that a weakness of professional managers is that their fighting capacity is not strong, and they are easy to fall behind in the battle between JD.COM and Alibaba, while Liu Qiangdong needs to fight and JD.COM needs to be wolf.
However, some people say that people are divided into old people and new people, and the local westernization school is too dual. The old people are not good, and the new people are good. The company’s development needs fresh blood, but the core and core can’t be diluted.
What is the kernel of JD.COM? Liu Qiangdong said it was corporate culture. After going through waves of executives’ coming and going and power alternation again and again, Liu Qiangdong said in the self-report published in 2016 that the executive who can adapt to the corporate culture of JD.COM and integrate with the JD.COM team is, "This person must be an executive who has worked in private enterprises or the current environment of China. If you have been working in a foreign company or working abroad most of the time, then I think there may be problems in team integration. "
Fortunately, JD.COM Guan Peisheng, who was trained by JD.COM from scratch and personally guided by Liu Qiangdong, is independent. By the year of 2016, JD.COM has recruited 444 Guan Peisheng, two of whom have been promoted to vice president level and more than 20 have been promoted to director level. A new generation of managers such as Yu Rui, CEO of No.1 Store, Li Ruiyu, director of investment relations, and Zhang Kun, legal person of affiliated companies, have emerged. Compared with self-built logistics, Guan Peisheng system makes Liu Qiangdong more satisfied.
After three rounds of replacement, Liu Qiangdong’s view of employing people has changed from local-Westernization-veteran+Guan Pei. Either way, the present may be the most suitable for JD.COM.
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Today’s film review | Can Exchange Life become the strongest dark horse in the Spring Festival?

Special feature of 1905 film network The Spring Festival in 2023 is about to kick off, the popularity of comedy movies is getting higher and higher, and the number of people who want to see it is rising. Movie-related topics have caused hot searches on different social platforms.

Can it be created again?New high?


Zhang Xiaofei andWhat are the hilarious surprises for your first partner?


What did "Exchange Life" exchange?


Ni Jun, an associate professor at the Central Academy of Drama, is a guest at Today’s Film Review, which will give you an advance forecast.



Judging from the materials released at present, the film Exchange of Life has a clear sense of genre, which combines fantasy, comedy and love elements, and the comedy effect is full. In one of the videos, Lei Jiayin, the hero, spoke a long line in one breath, which was very difficult to perform, but also brought a very full comedy effect. His performance in the preview made the audience look forward to the film more. Ni Jun analyzed: "Lei Jiayin is simply a’ ever-changing Lei Jiayin’ in the movie. The first time he was a greasy uncle, the second time he wore a small vest, and various shapes such as smoky makeup." The high popularity can not be separated from the joining of many comedy stars in this film. As soon as they appear, they can immediately catch the audience’s laughing nerves.



When searching for related topic words on the whole network, "Zhang Xiaofei" is a hot word with a very high search volume in this film. In this film, she gives people the feeling that she is constantly switching between the goddess and the female nerve. She has both a particularly beautiful and amazing side and a side that shows comedy effect. Ni Jun said: "I see how funny she is in it. It’s a very simple expression. She hurdles with one hand. I think there are some casual designs that make people feel her talent in comedy, which is still quite exciting."

In Hi, Mom, Zhang Xiaofei teamed up and achieved excellent box office results. This time, her partner was replaced by Lei Jiayin. What kind of new sparks will this new combination spark? As actors who belong to Anshan, Liaoning Province, the comedy effect produced by their combination is beyond doubt. In the material, they dance beside the game machine, Zhang Xiaofei pushes Lei Jiayin down the hill sitting in the shopping cart, and Lei Jiayin buys Zhang Xiaofei a super-large cup of milk tea. This pair of CP (combination) who looks a little old is in love with young people, forming a cute and funny contrast.


The basic story of "Exchange of Life" is about Lu Xiaogu, played by Youhao Zhang, who has a crush on Jin Hao, played by Zhang Xiaofei. He gets a prop that can realize his wish, so he uses the prop to exchange his body with Zhong Da, played by Lei Jiayin, and uses Lei Jiayin’s body to pursue his goddess. When he really wants to catch up with Zhang Xiaofei, he thinks that the body belongs to someone else and he can’t be with the goddess, so the plot in the trailer appears. One second Lei Jiayin is still pursuing Zhang Xiaofei, and the next.


"I hope you like my soul, not my body."


Ni Jun: Generally, in this love story of triangular relationship, of course, one pair is going to succeed, and the extra person may exist outside their relationship in another kind of relationship, and can’t be a lover or a friend?


"Exchange of Life" is a high-concept, strong-set film. In the film materials, we see some key objects, such as the big white goose and the wishing machine, through which the film creates fantastic colors and promotes the story. In the video material, when Youhao Zhang got the wishing machine, the first word he said was "forehead", which was mistaken for "goose" by the wishing machine, so he became a goose, showing the black humor of the film. Later, in the trailer, we saw the picture of goose being more loving, which was also a very fantastic point.



This year’s Spring Festival has a strong lineup, and "Exchange of Life" is regarded as the "strongest dark horse" in the Spring Festival. Throughout the Spring Festival in recent years, most of the champions and runners-up are comedies. Secondly, this film has a strong creation. In "National Mother" Zhang Xiaofei, "National Uncle" Lei Jiayin and "Happy Family", there are grandma played by the teacher, sister played and husband and wife played. These actors are all proper box office.


Why does the price of gold continue to rise? Looking back, is gold investment still attractive?

  Recently, the price of gold has climbed again, and both international and domestic gold prices are setting new historical records. On March 6th, London spot gold and COMEX gold futures stood at the $2,100/oz mark in succession, and the domestic gold price also exceeded 500 yuan/g..

  Not only ordinary people are buying, but also central banks are increasing their holdings of gold. Take China as an example. As of February, the Bank of China has purchased gold for the 16th consecutive month, with a total gold reserve of 72.58 million ounces.

  After the gold price market, investors are also in a dilemma. For investors who have already started, should they sell now? For investors who have not yet participated, is it still too late to buy?

  Why has the price of gold risen recently?

  First of all, there are several reasons behind the recent rise in gold prices:

  1. American primary and secondary schoolsRisk event

  Recently,Have a huge loss,Two major rating agencies, Fitch, have lowered their ratings. The market’s concern about the risks of regional and commercial real estate in the United States has resurfaced, which may become the fuse for the current round of gold prices.

  As of January 2024,The scale of commercial real estate loans is 2.9 trillion US dollars, of which small and medium-sized commercial real estate loans account for 69%, while commercial real estate loans account for 13% of all bank assets and 30% of the total assets of small and medium-sized banks. In this context, the market expects that the Fed’s table shrinking process may gradually slow down and the interest rate cut expectation should also be readjusted.

  2. US economic data is weaker than expected.

  In the fourth quarter of 2023, the annualized rate of real GDP in the United States dropped to 3.2%, the consumer confidence index of the University of Michigan dropped to 76.9 in February, and the ISM manufacturing index dropped to 47.8 in threshold again in February, all of which were lower than market expectations. The US economy is facing downward pressure, which stimulates the market to have higher expectations for easing policy.

  Can the follow-up continue to rise?

  To judge the future trend of gold, we must start with the three attributes of gold and the influencing factors behind it.

  1. Monetary attribute-money supply

  After the end of the Bretton Woods system, although the dollar was decoupled from gold, gold is still an important part of foreign exchange reserves in various countries, which is of great significance in maintaining exchange rate confidence.

  Among all commodities, the price of gold is the only one that keeps the upward trend in the long-term dimension. Observing the M2 growth rate of the world’s major economies and the compound annual growth rate of the gold price center are also relatively close.

  This is because gold is the reserve asset of credit currency. With the expansion of global balance sheet, the major economies in the world have been expanding the money supply for more than 20 years, so the reserve value of gold is also increasing, which makes the price of gold keep a certain upward slope for a long time, instead of fluctuating with the economic cycle like other commodities.

  At present, the Fed’s table contraction has gradually entered the second half, and the market expects that its table contraction will gradually slow down, which will support the performance of gold prices.

  2. Financial attribute-real interest rate

  Generally speaking, gold investment does not produce any predictable cash flow, and it is an interest-free asset. The only way for investors to get a return is the rise of gold price.

  Other assets, such as stocks and bonds, can be regarded as substitutes for gold, and the return rate of these assets is equivalent to the opportunity cost of holding gold, and these returns can be measured by the real interest rate.

  So theoretically, the lower the real interest rate, the more obvious the relative value of gold. Combined with the current market, the Fed’s interest rate hike cycle has basically ended, and the market generally expects to start the interest rate cut cycle this year. The downward trend of real interest rate is expected to push up the price of gold.

  3. Commodity attributes-supply and demand pattern

  Since the 21st century, the annual supply and demand of gold has been around 4,000 ~ 4,500 tons, with a compound annual growth rate of only about 1.8%, and the market supply and demand are basically stable. Moreover, the mining cost of gold is stable below $1,000, and the fluctuation of economy and gold price has little influence on the supply of mineral gold. Because the elasticity of both ends of supply and demand is relatively poor, it has little impact on the price of gold.

  Generally speaking, the three attributes of gold, namely, currency, finance and commodity, have different factors affecting the price of gold. Combined with the current market environment, the slowdown in the Fed’s contraction, the expected increase in interest rate cuts, and the rising demand for safe-haven funds will all support the gold market.

  How to buy it?

  1. If it is from the perspective of hedging, the best choice is undoubtedly to buy physical gold. You can go to the bank to buy gold bars with relatively low process cost for storage.

  2. If it is from the perspective of investment, the simplest way is to make a one-click layout through the gold ETF, or to connect funds through the gold ETF. Because gold ETF tracks domestic spot contracts, it can closely track the rise and fall of gold prices. Moreover, this kind of investment transaction is convenient to operate, with strong market liquidity and relatively low transaction cost.

  3. Compared with a single large investment, the director suggested that you open positions in batches to deal with short-term potential price fluctuations through fixed investment and other means. At the same time, do a good job in setting the take profit line and cash in the income in time.

  According to the calculation, since 2003, gold has been held at any time. Before the holding period is shorter than 3 years, the probability of compound annual return and positive investment income basically keeps positive growth with the length of investment period. However, after the holding period is extended to 3 years, the positive correlation is weakened, that is to say, the stability of obtaining the due income is reduced.

  Therefore, the income from gold investment is neither "exchanged" by day trading in the short term, nor simply "held" for a long time. Gold is an important option in our asset allocation. You can adjust the proportion of gold allocation in a timely manner in combination with short-term and long-term factors that affect the price of gold.

  (Article source: Bosera Fund)

Yu Qian’s first entry into primary school with Teacher Good was recognized by educators.

1905 movie network news The film directed by Zhang Luan, supervised by Yu Qian and starring in it is being shown in cinemas all over the country. Since the release, the good news has continued, and the word-of-mouth box office has soared. In the film released on the same day, it achieved the highest box office and the best attendance rate, and the popularity of major platforms remained high.

On April 2nd, director Zhang Luan, producer and starring Yu Qian attended the off-line movie-watching activities and interacted closely with the frontline workers on campus. In addition, the creators also deeply discussed the characters in the film with the educators, and won the full applause of the audience present. Many viewers said in succession: Teacher Miao played by Yu Qian is so real!

 

"Good Teacher" on the Screen "Good Teacher" in Life 

At the first stop, director Zhang Luan, producer and starring Yu Qian, screenwriter Wei Xu and actor Tian Yu walked into Beijing Shijia Primary School, which was the first time that the film Teacher Good entered the primary school campus. As a youth film featuring people’s teachers, the film Teacher Good portrays an expressive and rigid traditional teacher image.

On that day, most of the audience attending the movie were teachers who taught at Shijia Primary School. They have the deepest experience and the most direct right to speak about the current situation of primary education and the relationship between teachers and students. Seeing Miao Wanqiu, the head teacher played by Mr. Yu Qian, the teachers sometimes couldn’t help laughing during the movie, and sometimes they sincerely agreed with the details in the movie bridge and nodded frequently. These reactions are undoubtedly the best appreciation of educators for the role of modesty.

Interestingly, the motto of Nansu No.1 Middle School in the film: "Diligent, gentle, lively and enterprising" is the same as that of Shijia Primary School. This coincidence brought the master and the teachers of Shijia Primary School closer at once. The founders opened their hearts and shared their original intention with the teachers. Director Zhang Luan’s understanding of "a good teacher" has made many teachers feel the same way: "A good teacher is like a’ butterfly effect’, which will affect countless people." Tian Yu, an actor who was born in a teacher’s family, also felt a lot. In his view, "A good teacher is to preach and teach, and it is the fire that lights up every soul." The story in the film Teacher Good is the real prototype collected by the creators from their lives, which is the most crucial point to impress all the audience.

 

The word-of-mouth of the elite field burst into tears for "Teacher Good"

After finishing the movie-watching activities at Shijia Primary School, the four masters rushed to the next movie-watching scene non-stop. On the same day, Xu Xiaoping, the co-founder of New Oriental, Mr. Liu Shuang, vice president of Phoenix Satellite TV, and Yang Rui, the host of CGTN’s Dialogue with Yang Rui, and other celebrities also attended the movie-watching activities. After the movie, the creators interacted with the audience. Director Zhang Luan shared his feelings about the modern teacher-student relationship: "It should be a belief to respect the profession of teachers." The film Teacher Good was born with longing for the relationship between teachers and students in 1980s, and hoped that the modern relationship between teachers and students would be more harmonious.

During the interaction, Teacher Xu Xiaoping said excitedly: "The power of language is pale, but I was deeply moved after watching the movie." Liu Shuang, vice president of Phoenix TV, bluntly said that he didn’t expect much before watching the movie, but after watching the movie, he said that he "has been holding back tears". Moderator Yang Rui used two key words to describe the head teacher Miao Wanqiu, namely "anger" and "grievance". On the one hand, it is angry with students for "being angry with them", and on the other hand, it is unwilling to self-fate.

The figure of Miao Wanqiu, the head teacher, is a nobody in the times and a true microcosm of life. At the end of the interaction, the audience raised their hands to share their most touching scenes: some viewers thought that the scene of "Luo Xiaoyi stealing a photo" was very touching, some viewers thought that the moment when "Guan Tingting admitted her mistake" moved them, and some viewers recalled the past of their college entrance examination, and they deeply regretted it. The movie "Teacher Good" made the audience open the chatterboxes about youth in an instant, and after watching it, it was still unfinished and unforgettable.

[Network China Festival Mid-Autumn Festival] What flavor of moon cake would you like this Mid-Autumn Festival?

 

Four seasons,

 

In the second month of every autumn,

 

Marked by the 15th lunar month in China,

 

It is the Mid-Autumn Festival.

 

The seasonal food of Mid-Autumn Festival is moon cakes.

 

Moon cakes are called "reunion cakes" among the people, and they are round and round.

 

In mid-August, autumn is crisp.

 

When relatives and friends get together, people and the moon are round.

 

It’s fun to enjoy the moon and eat cakes.

 

The world enjoys a full moon,

 

Moon cakes vary greatly from place to place.

 

Not only is the appearance colorful,

 

It’s also all-inclusive inside.

 

Northerners are used to giving people the impression of being generous and straightforward.

 

Moon cakes are also thick in skin and thin in stuffing, and hard in stuffing.

 

Beijing-style moon cakes reuse sesame oil and taste crisp and loose;

 

Qin-style moon cakes are sweet and salty, each with its own flavor;

 

Jin-style moon cakes are flat in shape, simple and mellow.

 

Cantonese-style moon cakes in the south can be called "big brothers" in the moon cake industry.

 

The crust of the cake is thin and soft, and the exquisite pattern is covered with stuffing.

 

Soviet-style moon cakes are crisp and beautiful in color;

 

Hong Kong-style mooncake milk is yellow, soft and fragrant;

 

Chaozhou-style moon cakes are round in appearance and thin in pastry filling.

 

The so-called relying on mountains to eat mountains and relying on water to eat water,

 

Mooncakes from all over the world are also good at using local materials.

 

Inner Mongolia is rich in dairy products and moon cakes with milk skins, with rich milk fragrance and unique flavor.

 

Ningbo moon cake crust is wrapped with moss;

 

Hui-style moon cakes represent "dried plum moon cakes", which are baked with wild bitter vegetables mixed with pork suet and white sugar, and are small and crisp;

 

Yunnan-style moon cakes are unique because they are filled with local cloud legs and flowers.

 

Moon cakes vary in size from place to place.

 

Have you ever seen such a moon cake with a big basin?

 

It is divided into several parts and shared.

 

It means that everyone is part of the reunion.

 

China moon cakes bear regional characteristics, cultural customs,

 

It is also a way of life and spiritual sustenance.

 

Da Kun in the small moon cake,

 

What, this Mid-Autumn Festival, do you want to grow a taste that you haven’t tasted before?

 

Source: China News Network

 

Source: Funan released

"Safety score" activates front-line safety management

  Original title: "Safety points" activate front-line safety management

  Workers’ Daily — Zhonggong.com reporter Huang Shiqiang correspondent Wang Jun Tan Yupan

  "Master Zhang, what are you going to exchange points for this time?"

  "The washing powder is used up. I’ll change a bag."

  In the "Safety Points Supermarket" of Chongqing Yuwu Expressway No.1 Branch of China Communications No.1 Public Bureau Group, Zhang Hongwei, a steel reinforcement worker, is exchanging daily necessities. Not long ago, their dormitory won the first place in the "civilized dormitory appraisal", and each person added 150 points. And these points can be exchanged for all kinds of daily necessities for free in this "safety points supermarket".

  It is understood that since the project department implemented the safety integral rule, it has been popular among workers, creating a good atmosphere of "everyone is a safety officer".

  Because the project department is located far away from the urban area, the traffic is inconvenient, and the project schedule is tight, workers rarely have the opportunity to go shopping in the city. At the same time, in the face of normalized epidemic control, it is also an important part of project safety control to reduce unnecessary personnel going out and reducing the risk of epidemic.

  Lin Hanhua, secretary of the Party branch of the project department, had a brainwave: "Since it is so troublesome to go out, why don’t we open a supermarket ourselves?" Combining the needs of workers’ lives with the safety and epidemic prevention requirements of the project, isn’t the safety culture infiltrated into the front line? "

  Just do it, Lin Hanhua immediately organized the project leadership team to discuss and decided to set up a "safety point supermarket" in the workers’ residence to purchase practical and diverse daily necessities such as laundry detergent, shower gel, instant noodles and drinks.

  In order to link the "safety point supermarket" with the project safety production, Lin Hanhua took the lead in formulating the "Measures for the Management of Safety Behavior Points", so that workers can exchange goods at the "safety point supermarket" with the "safety point card".

  "The foremen and security administrators at the project site will carry them with them ‘ Safety scorecard ’ At any time, rewards will be given to frontline workers who conscientiously implement safety regulations and actively participate in safety management behaviors, and corresponding safety points will be deducted for illegal operations. " Zeng Ziyun, the safety director, said that they also evaluated civilized dormitories through surprise inspections three times a month, issued floating red flags and gave 150 points of encouragement to each person.

  Moreover, the workers participated in safety education and training activities such as special safety education and training for special personnel of the project, special training for temporary electricity consumption, construction safety education meeting, etc., and won corresponding points in the monthly selection of "party member Pioneer Model Team", "Excellent Industrial Worker", "Typical Team" and "Typical Individual".

  Since the launch of the "Safety Score Supermarket", the project department has issued 227 "Safety Score Cards". "Innovative safety management measures have become a way to get through safety production ‘ The last mile ’ Effective means. " Lin Hanhua said.

Only take 15 yuan and a pack of 32 students to challenge extreme survival in Shenyang.

  Sleeping in the parking lot, working as a waiter and dishwasher in a restaurant, handing out leaflets on the street, and working as a tutor in an educational institution … … July 16th — On the 31st, 32 students from the eighth phase of the "Yingying Project" of Shanxi Normal University set off from Linfen and went to Shenyang, Liaoning Province, where they launched a seemingly impossible extreme survival challenge — — In half a month’s time, each of them can only carry 15 yuan cash, a bag with clothes, blankets and a small amount of food, and rely on their own wisdom to solve all the problems such as food, shelter and transportation, so as to challenge the rules of urban survival and experience life.

  "Can you live in a city for 15 days with only 15 yuan money?" "We can not only survive, but also find jobs and earn round-trip tolls!" On July 30th, at the end of this activity, li chuang, a student of the Drama School of Shanxi Normal University and the leader of Group 3 of the "Yong Ying Project", answered the questions of Shanxi Evening News reporter with great confidence.

  Survival is not easy. Only 19 people found jobs on the first day.

  At 14: 46 on July 16, the train slowly arrived at Shenyang North Station, and 32 students from the eighth phase of the "Yingying Project" of Shanxi Normal University got off in an orderly manner. "As soon as I got off the train, Shenyang responded to us with sultry weather. In the face of this strange city, in fact, each of us is a little embarrassed, and at the same time we are full of expectations for this trip. " Student Liu Yuxin said.

  "The 32 students who participated in the activity, a total of 10 men and 22 women, were all first-year students from 13 colleges affiliated to Shanxi Normal University. They are divided into four groups, each with 8 people, led by an instructor. Each group has an experienced senior as the team leader, responsible for safety and overall arrangement, and assisting teachers in their work. " Li chuang introduced that after the students get off the bus, we will take away their extra cash and bank cards, and the balance of WeChat and Alipay will be emptied, and only 15 yuan and a bag weighing about 20 kg will be handed over to them. There are only clothes, blankets and other items in the bag, as well as a small amount of instant noodles, eggs, compressed biscuits and other foods that can last for one to two days. In the next half month, each student needs to rely on his own hands and teamwork to solve his own accommodation problems, and at the same time, he has to earn enough money for Linfen to travel to and from Shenyang.

  "We are college students, do we need short-term jobs?" The students went door-to-door to ask questions in shops along the street with the scorching sun overhead and heavy bags on their shoulders.

  "Out of the train station, I don’t know where to go. Wandering around the streets for fear of missing a small shop and a recruitment opportunity. I really hope that a boss can take us in, even if it is a volunteer, but the frequent cold eyes make us collapse! " Li Huiting, a group of four students, said that after a while, their clothes were tightly adhered to their skin by sweat, and hunger, thirst and helplessness also invaded them at any time. Although they were always rejected again and again, the students gritted their teeth and moved on.

  "I asked a lot of places, but I didn’t recruit short-term workers. I really felt a little collapsed in my heart! You’re not really sleeping on the street, are you? Confusion and fear always surround us. Later, I finally met a kind-hearted proprietress. After understanding the situation, I decided to let Li Huiting and I stay in the store and let the chef make us a bowl of udon noodles. At that moment, I felt very moved and very happy! " Four groups of students recalled Nan Nan.

  As night fell, among the 32 students, 19 found jobs. "Better than expected, many bosses are willing to provide accommodation. Students who found jobs took in a few who had not found them. On that day, 28 people temporarily had a place to live, and several boys made a living in the corner of a parking lot. " Li chuang said.

  Unite and cooperate in a loving city

  "Because we have an elimination mechanism, those who can’t find a job within three days will be sent back to school. Not earning enough tolls within half a month is also considered unqualified. " Li chuang said that on July 19th, all the trainees found jobs, mostly in the catering industry. Some of them work as waiters in the front hall, some do dishes and do odd jobs in the back kitchen, and some students work as tutors in educational institutions. There is really no better job, so they hand out leaflets on the street. Salary levels are also uneven, from daily 40 yuan — 100 yuan.

  Students’ jobs are not stable, and unemployment often happens. Many people "eat the last meal without the next meal", and they are well dressed when they go to work, but they have nowhere to stay after work.

  "Although we experienced many setbacks in the whole process, we still felt the enthusiasm of the local people and the warmth of a foreign land." Xu Xiangge, a student, said that after the general job search was declined, the bosses would enthusiastically give the students a lot of advice and help. Some will give the students a "come on" encouragement, and some will recommend a valuable part-time job information. There are also many citizens who will send a bottle of water and a pack of biscuits, and some will directly "plug money" to the students, or are willing to provide accommodation. "Their love is like a pool of water in a dry desert, which moistens us and makes tears spin in my eyes. I really appreciate these kind people. " Student Zhang Yaowen said.

  "I have to bend over to wash the dishes for several hours, and dirty dishes and chopsticks are constantly dumped into the pool. The water in it is also changed over and over again. The moment I straightened up again, my waist was so sleepy that I bit my teeth tightly. Most of us are after 00, and we are at home at ordinary times ‘ Young Master Princess ’ I have never done such a job before, and this time I am really exercising! " Feng Lei, a student who works as a dishwasher in a restaurant, said.

  Whether working as a charcoal burner in a barbecue shop or as a cashier in a store, the students are undergoing various tests in different jobs and experiencing the difficulty of survival. Students who want to be gorgeous finally found a job in a steamed bun shop, and something went wrong on their first day at work. Because I am not familiar with local dialects and habits, I have to pack a takeaway without chopsticks, which leads customers to give the store a "bad review". "I feel like a failure in an instant, which is a disgrace to the school, but a sentence from Senior Cheng Zhenkun ‘ It’s okay, do it well ’ , immediately gave me a sense of encouragement, feeling very warm. In practical work, I feel that I am growing step by step, learning a lot, and slowly changing many of my bad habits. " Students should evaluate their work in this way.

  "The students not only unite and cooperate together, but their every move always touches us." Guo Junping, the instructor, said that several boys voluntarily gave up their accommodation to girls, preferring to sleep on the street or live in a fast food restaurant. "We boys can sleep in the street and go hungry. We must never let girls go through this. So I gave my job to two girls. In the days after unemployment, we still live relatively well ‘ Chic ’ Yes, walking in the streets of Shenyang with my bag on my back, eating a ham sausage with three or five brothers … …” Du Jinpeng, a male student, joked, adding some fun to everyone’s hard work life.

  "Suddenly it began to rain heavily, and I didn’t have any precautions. I didn’t know where to take the floor at night … … If mom knows, she will be sad, so keep it to yourself. Come on, I’m coming tomorrow! " Student Chen Xudong wrote in his diary.

  The "Yong Ying Plan" allows students to get in touch with society at "zero distance"

  The "Yong Ying Plan" is a characteristic project of the "second classroom reform" of college students in the talent training mode reform of Shanxi Normal University, in which the survival training during the selection period is a brand project of the school’s summer social practice activities of "going to the countryside".

  Guo Junping introduced that through the development of survival training, the purpose of the school is to let students experience social life "at zero distance", hone their will in difficulties, stimulate their potential, cultivate their spirit of hard work and teamwork, and exercise their ability to live independently.

  Since the plan was launched in 2012, survival training has gone through seven years, and it has been carried out in Guangzhou, Chongqing, Tianjin, Fuzhou, Beijing, Lanzhou, Shijiazhuang and other places. This year, it arrived in Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning Province. On July 13th, the "Huying Plan" competed for 28 quality development projects in a week. From interview, written test, psychological test, team promotion to summer extension, from the initial 700 people to 32 people, the competition is very fierce. Finally, the trainees earned a total of 8944.5 yuan during the three-day simulation training in Linfen, which was used to pay the train tickets to Shenyang.

  "I never thought before that I would haggle over every ounce for one or two dollars when I spent money. Through survival training, I learned to cherish every grain and cherish every penny. " Student Xu Xiangge said with emotion.

  While trying to survive in the city, the students gradually understood the hardships of their parents and the hard-won happiness. "I want to spend more time with my parents after I go home. It is really not easy to earn money. It is because of their contribution that I can grow up happily and carefree." Student Chen Yanjun said. (Shanxi Evening News reporter Liu Jiang)

The 20th military coup staged by the Thai military in modern times has detained government officials.

According to Agence France-Presse, the Thai military leader announced in a live television broadcast on the 22nd that a military coup would be launched from that day, and the military-controlled peacekeeping command announced that it would seize all the powers of the caretaker government to "prevent further conflicts and sacrifices". This is the 20th military coup in Thailand since 1932.

Thailand’s "National Daily" website also reported that Thai military leader Ba Yu announced a military coup in a live TV broadcast at 5 pm local time on the 22nd (6 pm Beijing time). Ba Yu said that the armed forces are about to seize power after months of political turmoil.

He said that in order to get the country back to normal order as soon as possible, the Thai National Peacekeeping Committee, composed of the military, the Thai armed forces, the air force and the police, needs to seize power at 4: 30 pm on May 22 (5: 30 pm Beijing time).

On May 22nd, the meeting of Thai military, caretaker government, House of Lords, Election Committee, People’s Committee for Thai Party, Democratic Party, anti-government organization and Anti-dictatorship Democratic Alliance (Red Shirt Army) broke down, and the leaders of the seven organizations attending the meeting were controlled by the military and left the Army Club in a van, temporarily missing. According to Xinhua News Agency, the Thai military has detained the demonstration leaders and government officials who participated in the talks.

At present, the street fighting between the "Yellow Shirt Army" and the "Red Shirt Army" in Thailand has basically stopped.

Soldiers and monks on the streets of Thailand

Soldiers and monks on the streets of Thailand

During the feudal monarchy in Thailand, except for large-scale foreign military aggression, the change of dynasties was relatively stable. However, after the first military coup in June 1932, Thailand has had 20 military coups, promulgated 17 constitutions, held 26 general elections and formed about 50 cabinets. It can be said that the modern history of Thailand is a history of military coup.

Attachment: List of coup history in Thailand since 1932

The first coup: From June 24th to June 27th, 1932, in order to change the autocratic monarchy, the People’s Party from the army launched a coup, and finally the People’s Party Committee appointed the conservative judge Piet Manubagong as the Prime Minister, also known as the Constitutional Revolution in Thailand.

Second coup: On June 20, 1933, contradictions occurred within the People’s Party, and finally the coup leader Pierre Paavon became the prime minister, and the strongman Mao Piwen began to emerge.

The third coup: from October 11 to October 15, 1933, the royal family staged a coup to urge the military government to hand over power, which was finally suppressed, and the status of Mao Piwen rose rapidly thereafter.

The fourth coup: On November 8, 1947, the old department of Mao Piwen accused the literati regime of being responsible for the death of King Rama VIII, and Mao Piwen went out again.

Fifth coup: On October 1, 1948, factional struggle within the military triggered a coup, and the coup leader was finally arrested. 

Sixth coup: On February 26, 1949, due to dissatisfaction with the accusation of the death of King Rama VIII, Thai navy soldiers staged a coup, and the coup leader was finally arrested. 

Seventh coup d’ é tat: From June 29th to July 2nd, 1951, the Thai navy staged a coup to protest against the government’s reduction of naval expenditure, which was finally suppressed by force.

Eighth coup: On November 29th, 1951, the military expressed dissatisfaction with the 1949 Constitution, which was eventually abolished and restored to the 1932 Constitution.

Ninth coup d’ é tat: On September 16th, 1957, due to fraud in the general election, the army staged a coup to overthrow the government of Mao Piwen and appointed a civilian as the prime minister of the transitional government.

Tenth coup: On October 20th, 1958, because the Prime Minister was unable to cope with the internal contradictions of the government, the military staged another coup, and soldier Sarit Thanarat came to power and took over the state’s military and political power.

Eleventh coup: On November 17, 1971, thanom kittikachorn, the prime minister of the military government, staged a coup against the parliament’s revision of the military government budget. In 1968, the constitution was abolished and the parliament was dissolved.

Twelfth coup: On October 14, 1973, King Bhumibol announced that he would withdraw his support for the military government, and thanom kittikachorn had to go into exile.

13th coup d’ é tat: On October 6, 1976, Admiral Chaloryoo of the Ministry of National Defense staged a coup on the pretext that there were communist party people in the cabinet, and then the military appointed Tanin Gaiwei, a conservative judge, to move out as prime minister, and the army actually took power, and communist party, Thailand, went downhill from then on.

14th coup d’ é tat: On March 26th, 1977, different factions in the army staged a coup d’ é tat over the distribution of military posts. The coup d’ é tat was shattered after only six hours, and the mastermind, General Chala, was executed.

Fifteenth coup: On October 20, 1977, Admiral Shae Charoru staged a coup because the Prime Minister interfered with military affairs. After the coup was successful, General Jiangsa Chamanan was appointed as Prime Minister.

Sixteenth coup: From April 1 to April 3, 1981, Chipatima, deputy chief of staff of the Army, staged a military coup because of differences of opinion, which was finally suppressed by troops loyal to the government.

Seventeenth coup: Manon, one of the leaders of the 16th coup in September, 1985, was unwilling to fail in the coup again, and finally the coup failed, and many senior Thai officials were arrested for being involved in this matter.

18th coup: On February 23rd, 1991, the government led by General chatichai choonhavan was overthrown by the military, and the regime fell into the hands of the National Peacekeeping Commission led by General Sunthorn Khongsompong.

19th coup d’ é tat: From September 19th to September 21st, 2006, the economic problems of Thaksin family triggered a political crisis. The military announced the dissolution of the cabinet led by Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, and the military organization took over the state power.

Twentieth coup: On May 22nd, 2014, Thai military leaders announced that they would seize all the powers of the caretaker government.

Regulations on safety management of reservoir dams

Regulations on safety management of reservoir dams

  (Promulgated by Order No.77 of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China on March 22, 1991 and revised according to the Decision of the State Council on Abolishing and Amending Some Administrative Regulations on January 8, 2011)

Chapter I General Principles

  the first In order to strengthen the safety management of reservoir dams and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property and socialist construction, these Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Water Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).
  the second These Regulations shall apply to reservoir dams (hereinafter referred to as dams) with a dam height of more than 15 meters or a storage capacity of more than 1 million cubic meters in People’s Republic of China (PRC). Dams include permanent water retaining structures and flood discharge, water conveyance and ship passing structures that are used in conjunction with them.
  Dam height below 15 meters, more than 10 meters or storage capacity below 1 million cubic meters and above 100,000 cubic meters, which is potentially dangerous to the safety of important towns, traffic trunk lines, important military facilities and industrial and mining areas, shall be managed with reference to these regulations.
  Article The water administrative department of the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the State Council, supervise the dam safety throughout the country. The water administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall, jointly with the relevant competent departments, supervise the dam safety within their respective administrative areas.
  Water conservancy, energy, construction, transportation, agriculture and other relevant departments at all levels are the competent departments of dams under their jurisdiction.
  Article 4 The people’s governments at all levels and their dam authorities shall be responsible for the safety of dams under their jurisdiction.
  Article 5 The construction and management of dams should follow the principle of safety first.
  Article 6 All units and individuals have the obligation to protect dam safety.

Chapter II Construction of Large Dams

  Article 7 The construction of dams must conform to the technical standards for dam safety formulated by the water administrative department of the State Council in conjunction with the relevant dam authorities.
  Article 8 Engineering design is necessary to build a dam. The engineering design of the dam must be undertaken by units with corresponding qualification certificates.
  The engineering design of a dam shall include the design of management facilities such as engineering observation, communication, power, lighting, transportation and fire fighting.
  Article 9 Dam construction must be undertaken by units with corresponding qualification certificates. The dam construction unit must carry out the construction in accordance with the design documents, drawing requirements and relevant technical standards stipulated in the construction contract.
  The construction unit and design unit shall send representatives to supervise and inspect the construction quality. If the quality does not meet the design requirements, it must be reworked or remedial measures taken.
  Article 10 When building a dam, the construction unit shall, in accordance with the approved design, request the people’s government at or above the county level to delimit the scope of management and protection in accordance with state regulations and set up signs.
  Where the scope of management and protection has not been delineated for the built dam, the competent department of the dam shall, according to the needs of safety management, submit it to the people’s government at or above the county level for delineation.
  Article 11 After the dam starts, the dam administrative department shall set up a dam management unit, which will participate in the quality inspection, dam division, sub-project acceptance and water storage acceptance in accordance with the acceptance procedures of the project capital construction.
  After the completion of the dam, the construction unit shall apply to the competent department of the dam for organization and acceptance.

Chapter III Management of Large Dams

  Article 12 Dams and their facilities are protected by the state, and no unit or individual may occupy or destroy them. The dam management unit shall strengthen the safety and security of the dam.
  Article 13 It is forbidden to carry out activities that endanger dam safety, such as blasting, drilling wells, quarrying, mining, dredging, borrowing soil and repairing graves, within the scope of dam management and protection.
  Article 14 Non-dam management personnel shall not operate the flood discharge gate, water conveyance gate and other facilities of the dam, and the dam management personnel shall abide by the relevant rules and regulations when operating. No unit or individual is allowed to interfere with the normal management of the dam.
  Article 15 It is forbidden to cut trees in the catchment area of the dam, and to open up wasteland on steep slopes and other activities that lead to reservoir siltation. It is forbidden to reclaim land in the reservoir area and carry out activities that endanger the mountain, such as quarrying and borrowing soil.
  Article 16 If the dam crest really needs to be used as a highway, it must be scientifically demonstrated and approved by the dam authorities, and corresponding safety maintenance measures should be taken.
  Article 17 It is forbidden to build docks, channels, pile up sundries and dry grain and grass in the dam. The construction of wharves and fish ponds within the scope of dam management and protection shall be approved by the competent department of the dam, and a certain distance shall be kept from the dam foot and the drainage and water delivery structures, which shall not affect the dam safety, project management and emergency rescue work.
  Article 18 The competent department of dam shall be equipped with dam safety management personnel with corresponding professional level.
  Dam management units shall establish and improve safety management rules and regulations.
  Article 19 Dam management units must carry out safety monitoring and inspection of dams in accordance with relevant technical standards; The monitoring data should be sorted out and analyzed in time to keep abreast of the dam operation. When abnormal phenomena and unsafe factors are found, the dam management unit shall immediately report to the competent department of the dam and take timely measures.
  Article 20 The dam management unit must do a good job in the maintenance and repair of the dam to ensure that the dam and gate opening and closing equipment are in good condition.
  Article 21 The operation of the dam must give full play to its comprehensive benefits on the premise of ensuring safety. The dam management unit shall conduct the operation of the reservoir according to the approved plan and the instructions of the dam authorities.
  In flood season, the comprehensive utilization of reservoirs must be subject to the unified command of flood control headquarters; The flood control capacity above the flood limit level and the flood dispatching operation of reservoirs mainly for power generation must obey the unified command of the flood control headquarters.
  No unit or individual may illegally interfere with the operation of reservoirs.
  Article 22 The competent department of the dam shall establish a regular safety inspection and appraisal system for the dam.
  Before and after the flood season, and after the occurrence of storms, rainstorms, catastrophic floods or strong earthquakes, the dam authorities shall organize inspections on the safety of dams under their jurisdiction.
  Article 23 The dam authorities shall register the dams under their jurisdiction on schedule and establish technical files. Measures for dam registration shall be formulated by the water administrative department of the State Council jointly with relevant departments.
  Article 24 Dam management units and relevant departments shall make preparations for flood control and emergency rescue materials and forecast meteorological and hydrological conditions, and ensure smooth communication between the dam management units and the dam authorities and the flood control headquarters at higher levels.
  Article 25 When the dam shows signs of danger, the dam management unit shall immediately report to the competent department of the dam and the flood control headquarters at a higher level, and take rescue measures; When there is danger of dam collapse, all measures should be taken to give an alarm to the expected dam collapse flooded area and do a good job of transfer.

Chapter IV Management of Dangerous Dams

  Article 26 For dangerous dams that have not yet reached the design flood standards, seismic fortification standards or have serious quality defects, the dam authorities shall organize relevant units to classify them, take measures such as reinforcement, or abandon them for reconstruction.
  Before the reinforcement of a dangerous dam, the dam management unit shall formulate emergency measures to protect the dam; If it is necessary to change the original design operation mode after demonstration, it shall be submitted to the dam authority for examination and approval.
  Article 27 The dam authorities shall formulate a reinforcement plan for the dangerous dams under their jurisdiction that need to be reinforced, and eliminate the danger within a time limit; The relevant people’s governments shall give priority to the required funds and materials.
  The reinforcement of dangerous dams must be designed by units with corresponding design qualification certificates, and implemented after examination and approval. After the reinforcement of dangerous dams is completed, the dam authorities shall organize the acceptance.
  Article 28 The competent department of dams shall organize relevant units to estimate the possible dam collapse mode and inundation range of dangerous dams, formulate emergency plans and report them to the flood control headquarters for approval.

Chapter V Penalty Rules

  Article 29 In violation of the provisions of these regulations, any of the following acts shall be ordered by the dam authorities to stop the illegal act, compensate for the losses, take remedial measures and may be fined; Should be given administrative penalties for public security, the public security organs shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Administration Punishment Law"; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:
  (a) the destruction of the dam or its observation, communication, power, lighting, transportation, fire control and other management facilities;
  (two) blasting, drilling wells, quarrying, mining, earth borrowing, dredging, grave repair and other activities endangering dam safety within the scope of dam management and protection;
  (three) unauthorized operation of the dam flood gate, water gate and other facilities, undermining the normal operation of the dam;
  (4) Reclaiming land in the reservoir area;
  (five) the construction of docks, channels or debris piled up in the dam, drying grain and grass;
  (six) unauthorized construction of docks and fish ponds within the scope of dam management and protection.
  Article 30 Whoever steals or robs dam engineering facilities and equipment shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Law.
  Article 31 Due to survey and design errors, poor construction quality, improper use of dispatching and abuse of power, dereliction of duty, resulting in dam accidents, the unit to which they belong or the competent authorities at a higher level shall give administrative sanctions to the responsible personnel; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
  Article 32 If a party refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment, it may, within 15 days from the date of receiving the notice of punishment, apply for reconsideration to the organ at the next higher level of the organ that made the decision on punishment; Anyone who refuses to accept the reconsideration decision may bring a suit in a people’s court within 15 days from the date of receiving the reconsideration decision. The parties may also directly bring a suit in a people’s court within 15 days from the date of receiving the notice of punishment. If a party fails to apply for reconsideration or bring a suit in a people’s court within the time limit and fails to perform the punishment decision, the organ that made the punishment decision shall apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution.
  Refuses to accept the punishment of public security management, in accordance with the provisions of the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Management Punishment Law".

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

  Article 33 The relevant departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate detailed rules for implementation according to these Regulations.
  Article 34 These Regulations shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.