Unswervingly promote and improve the comprehensive and strict party management system

　　Qiushi magazine editorial department

　　In the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made overall arrangements for the new great project of unswervingly and comprehensively administering the Party strictly in the new journey and deepening Party building in the new era, and put forward a major measure of "improving the system of comprehensively and strictly administering the Party" for the first time.

　　On January 9, 2023, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech at the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. From the height of the overall development of the cause of the party and the state in the new era and new journey, he deeply analyzed the causes, main manifestations and solutions of the unique problems of the big party, further comprehensively and profoundly expounded the objectives, tasks and practical requirements of improving the comprehensive and strict governance of the party system, and made strategic arrangements for unswervingly and deeply promoting the comprehensive and strict governance of the party. The speech is strategic, profound in thought, rich in connotation and incisive in exposition. It is highly political, instructive and targeted. It is the fundamental follow-up for deepening the comprehensive and strict administration of the party and the fundamental guide for the high-quality development of discipline inspection and supervision work in the new era and new journey.

　　The article "Improving the system of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way and promoting the new great project of Party building in the new era to develop in depth" is part of the important speech made by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader at the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. It is necessary to combine the ongoing education on the theme of studying and implementing Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era with the spirit of the important article of General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, with the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, with the spirit of the latest important speech of the General Secretary, and with a series of important expositions of the General Secretary on comprehensively and strictly administering the Party. Deeply understand the decisive significance of the "two establishments", further strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two maintenance", constantly promote the comprehensive and strict administration of the party in the new era and new journey, unswervingly promote and improve the comprehensive and strict administration of the party system, and provide a strong guarantee for the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation.

　　Always keep sober and firm in solving the unique problems of the big party.

　　In October, 1939, Comrade Mao Zedong creatively called the "ongoing" Party building "a great project" in his "Introduction to the People of communist party", and stressed the need to "build a Bolshevized the Communist Party of China (CPC) with nationwide, broad masses and complete ideological, political and organizational consolidation".

　　In January, 2018, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward the important conclusion of "New Great Project of Party Building in the New Era" at the seminar for members and alternate members of the new Central Committee and leading cadres at provincial and ministerial levels to study and implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era and the spirit of the 19th Party Congress.

　　In the important article "Perfecting the system of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way and promoting the new great project of Party building in the new era to develop in depth", General Secretary of the Supreme Leader further pointed out: "It is a great pioneering work of our Party to promote Party building as a great project and always adhere to the principles and policies of the Party’s management and strict administration of the Party, and it is also a magic weapon for building the country and strengthening the party."

　　Looking back on the history of the party for more than 100 years, the party has United and led the people to continue their struggle, and the Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong. This great leap is a great cause of transforming society and a great project of transforming itself.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has put the party strictly into the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, started with the formulation and implementation of the eight central regulations, put forward and implemented the general requirements for party building in the new era, persevered in the discipline, launched an unprecedented anti-corruption struggle, played a set of "combination boxing" of self-revolution, and found the second answer that jumped out of the historical cycle rate of the rise and fall of chaos. The party’s ability of self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation and self-improvement has been significantly enhanced, and the loose and soft state of managing the party has been fundamentally reversed, leading to historic achievements and changes in the cause of safeguarding the party and the state, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process.

　　On May 23, 2023, in the government service center of Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Hunan Province, discipline inspection and supervision cadres learned about the service of window staff from the working people. People’s picture Li Shangyin/photo

　　"As the largest Marxist ruling party in the world, our party must always win the support of the people and consolidate its long-term ruling position, and must always remain sober and firm in solving the unique problems of the big party." In the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly summed up the historic achievements of strictly administering the Party for ten years in an all-round way, and further demanded that the whole Party always remain sober and firm in solving the unique problems of the big party. This is a new major proposition put forward by the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, starting from the historical position, the mission and tasks shouldered by our party and the complex environment we are facing, profoundly grasping the fundamental nature of the party and the development and changes of the party’s situation, and comprehensively and strictly administering the party in the new era and new journey.

　　Our party is the largest political party in the world under the guidance of Marxist theory of party building and the principle of democratic centralism. It has been in power for a long time in the most populous country in the world, with a long history, a large number of people and a large scale. It not only has great advantages in doing great things and building great achievements, but also faces special problems in managing the party and the country. Solving the problems of "how to always keep Do not forget your initiative mind in mind", "how to always unify thoughts, will and actions", "how to always have a strong ruling ability and leadership level", "how to always maintain the entrepreneurial spirit of officials", "how to always find and solve their own problems in time" and "how to always maintain a clean and honest political ecology" is a hurdle that must be taken to realize the party’s mission and task in the new era and new journey. In the important speech at the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out that it is a long and arduous process to solve the unique problems of the big party, and stressed that it is necessary to constantly promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party in the new era and new journey, and improve the comprehensive and strict management system, which fully embodies our party’s clear understanding of the severe and complicated tests, its high consciousness of unswervingly and strictly managing the party and its confidence and determination to maintain the vigorous vitality and strong combat effectiveness of the big party for a hundred years.

　　Building a comprehensive and strict party management system has accumulated rich achievements.

　　It is an overall and pioneering work to build a comprehensive and strict party management system.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has taken the comprehensive and strict administration of the Party as the distinctive theme of Party building in the new era, put forward a series of innovative ideas, implemented a series of reform practices, improved a series of institutional norms, promoted the continuous deepening of the great project of Party building, and initially established a comprehensive and strict administration of the Party system.

　　"In the 10 years of the new era, our party has continuously deepened its understanding of the laws of self-revolution, continuously promoted theoretical innovation, practical innovation and institutional innovation in party building, and accumulated rich achievements in building a comprehensive and strict party management system." In this important article, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a comprehensive summary of these achievements.

　　"Take the political construction of the party as the fundamental construction of the party".The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the highest political leading force, and upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee is the highest political principle. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has put the party’s political construction in the first place, clearly adhered to and strengthened the party’s leadership, systematically improved the party’s leadership system, and implemented the party’s leadership in coordinating and promoting the overall layout of the "five in one" and the "four comprehensive" strategic layout. Through the revolutionary forging of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, the whole Party has a deeper understanding of the decisive significance of the "two establishment", strengthened the "four consciousnesses", strengthened the "four self-confidences" and achieved the "two maintenance", United more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core, constantly improved political judgment, political understanding and political execution, ensured the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership, and ensured that the Party played its leading core role of taking overall situation and coordinating all parties.

　　"Take ideological construction as the party’s basic construction".Building the Party with Thought and Strengthening the Party with Theory. Having the guidance of Marxist scientific theory is the root of our party’s firm belief and historical initiative, and arming the whole party with the party’s innovative theory is the fundamental task of the party’s ideological construction. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have persistently used the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era to build a soul, carried forward the great spirit of party building, carried out the Party’s mass line education and practice activities, the special education of "three strictness and three realities", the study and education of "two studies and one doing", the study and education of Do not forget your initiative mind, bearing in mind the mission, the study and implementation of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and continued to arm our minds, guide practice and promote work with the Party’s innovative theory. After the revolutionary forging of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, the whole Party has further built up the foundation of faith, supplemented the calcium of spirit, kept the rudder of thought steady, consciously nourished the initial heart and led the mission with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, and strengthened its political responsibility of sharing worries for the Party, contributing to the country and benefiting the people.

　　Put forward and adhere to the party’s organizational line in the new era.The strength of the party comes from the organization, and a strict organizational system is the advantage and strength of the party. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has put forward and implemented the Party’s organizational line in the new era, improved and implemented a powerful organizational system, and continuously enhanced the political and organizational functions of the Party organizations. Adhere to the principle of the Party’s management of cadres, clarify the standards of good cadres in the new era, which are firm in belief, serving the people, diligent and pragmatic, daring to take responsibility, honest and clean, highlight the requirements of political quality, establish a correct orientation of employing people, and strive to cultivate a team of high-quality cadres who are loyal and clean; In-depth implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country with talents in the new era, gathering talents from all over the world and using them. After the revolutionary forging of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, the role of the grassroots party organizations as a fighting fortress and the vanguard and exemplary role of Communist party member have become more prominent, and the political and organizational advantages of the Party have been continuously transformed into winning advantages.

　　"Start with the formulation and implementation of the eight central regulations, and rectify with the spirit of nailing ‘ Four winds ’ " .The glorious tradition and fine style of work of the Party are the concentrated expression of the nature and purpose of our Party, and are the remarkable signs that distinguish our Party from other political parties. The construction of work style is always on the road, and the strict administration of the party in an all-round way must start with the problem of work style strongly reflected by the people. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has made a breakthrough in the formulation and implementation of the eight central regulations, made unremitting efforts for a long time, firmly opposed privileged thoughts and privileged phenomena, stopped some long-standing unhealthy trends, and corrected some stubborn diseases that have not been removed for many years. After the revolutionary forging of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, the party style, political style and social atmosphere have become new, and our party has won the trust and support of the people with a new atmosphere of style construction.

　　"incorporate discipline construction into the overall layout of party building."Our party is a Marxist political party organized by revolutionary ideals and iron discipline, and strict discipline is the glorious tradition and unique advantage of the party. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has comprehensively strengthened discipline construction, revised the regulations on disciplinary actions twice, and defined the ruler for managing the party. The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China incorporated discipline construction into the overall layout of party building, further demonstrating the firm determination to govern the party with strict discipline. Our party strictly abides by the party’s political discipline and rules, and promotes the overall strictness of organizational discipline, honesty discipline, mass discipline, work discipline and life discipline. We insist on strict discipline in law and law enforcement, put forward and practice the "four forms" of supervision and discipline, strengthen discipline education, and realize the expansion from "punishing the very few" to "controlling the majority", so that party member and cadres can personally feel the party’s strict management and love. After the revolutionary forging of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, the authority of party discipline in party constitution has been effectively maintained, and the vast number of party member have been clear about rules, wary and abiding by the bottom line. The iron discipline has been transformed into the daily habits and conscious compliance of party member cadres, which has purified the political ecology within the party from the source.

　　"Run the system construction through all the Party’s constructions".Strictly administering the Party in an all-round way depends on ideological education, but also on institutional guarantee. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee, with the Supreme Leader as the core, has adhered to the same direction of ideological party building and institutional governance, paid attention to the coordination of internal party laws and regulations with national laws, kept pace with the times, improved party constitution, focused on strengthening party leadership and party building, promoted institutional innovation, formed a relatively complete system of internal party laws and regulations, set up a "four pillars and eight pillars" of the party and state supervision system, and locked power into the cage of the system. After the revolutionary forging of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, all aspects of the system have become more mature and stereotyped, forming the unique advantages of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s rule and China’s rule, and providing a fundamental, overall, stable and long-term guarantee for Party building in the new era.

　　On May 24, 2023, the Supervision Committee of Chengxiang District Commission for Discipline Inspection of Putian City, Fujian Province launched the first-line reception activity of "I listen to the people’s demands" in Dabu Village, Donghai Town. Qiushi picture Wu Zhen/photo

　　"Launch an unprecedented anti-corruption struggle".Corruption is the biggest cancer that harms the party’s vitality and combat effectiveness, and anti-corruption is the most thorough self-revolution. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has adhered to a tenacious spirit of struggle, insisting on no forbidden zone, full coverage, zero tolerance, advancing without fear of corruption, not wanting to rot, insisting on heavy containment, strong pressure and long-term deterrence, insisting on investigating bribery together, insisting on investigating every case, punishing every corruption, and taking a multi-pronged approach of "killing tigers", "catching flies" and "hunting foxes". After the revolutionary forging of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, the anti-corruption struggle won an overwhelming victory and was consolidated in an all-round way, and successfully embarked on a road of anti-corruption with China characteristics.

　　As the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out in this important article: "Looking around the world, no political party can take its own construction so seriously as the Communist Party of China (CPC), and promote its self-revolution in a scientific and systematic way with such a high degree of consciousness. This is the remarkable advantage of our party and the winning way to lead the times." The historic and pioneering achievements of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way in the new era have produced all-round and deep-seated influences and won the firm support and recognition of the people. The fundamental reason lies in the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and the scientific guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader. Practice has fully proved that the "Two Establishments" is a major political achievement made by the Party in the new era, a decisive factor in promoting historic achievements and changes in the cause of the Party and the country, and the greatest certainty, confidence and guarantee for overcoming all difficulties and obstacles and coping with all uncertainties.

　　Improve the strategic deployment of the party system in an all-round way.

　　Perfecting the system of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way is an important measure put forward by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to strengthen Party building in the new era.

　　Since the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has sent a clear signal to the whole party that the party will be strictly governed in an all-round way — —

　　On October 23, 2022, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader solemnly declared in his important speech when he met with Chinese and foreign journalists in the 20th The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) that "we must be highly vigilant and save the province, always keep awake and cautious in taking the exam, and constantly push forward the comprehensive and strict management of the party, so that the century-old Party will continue to flourish in the self-revolution and always become the most reliable and strong backbone of the people of China";

　　On October 25th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party to review "Several Provisions of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee on Strengthening and Maintaining the Centralized and Unified Leadership of the CPC Central Committee" and "Detailed Rules for the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee to Implement the Eight Central Provisions";

　　On February 17, 2023, the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Jinggang Town, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province and the staff of Weilou Community were guiding residents to pay attention to the knowledge about the "supervision and one-stop communication" platform of micro-power. China News Agency issued Ge Yinian/photo

　　On October 27th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized at the Yan ‘an Revolutionary Memorial Hall that it is necessary to "courageously promote the Party’s self-revolution, unswervingly promote the comprehensive and strict administration of the Party, always maintain the Party’s advanced nature and purity, and ensure that the Party will always be the strong leadership core of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause";

　　On April 3, 2023, at the working conference on studying and implementing the theme education of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly expounded the great significance and objective requirements of carrying out the theme education, emphasizing that "the strict tone, strict measures and strict atmosphere must be adhered to for a long time, and the comprehensive and strict management of the party must be continuously deepened".

　　In the important article "Perfecting the system of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way to promote the new great project of Party building in the new era to develop in depth", General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out that "the system of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way should be a dynamic system with rich connotations, complete functions, scientific norms and efficient operation", and made strategic arrangements for improving this system with "three more prominent" and "four comprehensive".

　　— — The "three more prominent" means "upholding the rule of the party by the system and by the rules, highlighting the organic connection, linkage integration and coordination of all aspects of the party’s construction, highlighting the perfection of the institutional mechanism and the scientific and effective laws and regulations, and highlighting the use of governance concepts, systematic concepts and dialectical thinking to manage the party and build the party".

　　— — "Four Comprehensions" means insisting on full coverage in content, full coverage in object, full chain in responsibility and full penetration in system;

　　First, we should adhere to the comprehensive coverage of the content, where the party’s construction is promoted, and where the party’s system of comprehensive and strict governance is to be built. No matter the party’s political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, work style construction, discipline construction, system construction and anti-corruption struggle, we must consciously implement the strategic policy of comprehensive and strict governance of the party, and we must not limit the comprehensive and strict governance of the party to being positive, disciplined and anti-corruption.

　　Second, adhere to the full coverage of the party’s organizations at all levels and all party member, so as to manage and govern the whole party. The key point is to do a good job of "key minorities" and manage party member’s leading cadres, especially senior cadres and "top leaders". There is no special party member in managing the party and leaving no dead ends and gaps.

　　The third is to adhere to the whole chain of responsibility, compact the party committees (party groups) at all levels to strictly manage the party’s main responsibility and the supervision responsibility of the disciplinary committees at all levels, and promote the party Committee (party group) secretaries at all levels to shoulder the responsibility of the first responsible person and other members of the leadership team to effectively assume "one post and two responsibilities", so that every party member and cadre can exercise their due rights and fulfill their due responsibilities, so as to achieve equal rights and responsibilities, ask questions when they fail, transmit pressure at all levels, and effectively strengthen the management of the party.

　　Fourth, we should adhere to the system integration, embody the requirements of system construction in the whole process, all aspects and all levels of strictly administering the party, take party constitution as the foundation and democratic centralism as the core, constantly improve the system of laws and regulations within the party, enhance the authority and execution of laws and regulations within the party, and use the system to promote the integration and linkage of the system of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, so as to truly realize the rule of the party by the system.

　　Strictly administering the party system in an all-round way runs through all aspects of party building, such as political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, work style construction, discipline construction, system construction and anti-corruption struggle, covering all aspects of strict ideology, strict supervision, strict discipline, strict management of officials, strict work style and strict anti-corruption. It is the common responsibility of the whole party to improve the system of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, and we must give full play to the party’s political, organizational and institutional advantages. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "We should profoundly grasp the historical experience of the Party’s self-revolution, especially the fresh experience of comprehensively administering the Party strictly since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, base ourselves on the new situation and tasks, and under the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, improve the responsibility pattern of managing the Party and the Party in a unified and coordinated way, implement the overall requirements, strict tone and the concept of governance into the construction of the system of comprehensively administering the Party strictly, and constantly improve the level of institutionalization, standardization and scientificity, so that all work of comprehensively administering the Party strictly can better reflect the times and grasp the regularity.

　　"Those who aspire to Wan Li will stop at the middle road". Strictly administering the party in an all-round way is the great practice of the party’s self-revolution in the new era, which has opened up a new realm of the party’s self-revolution in the past century. On the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, we will always build and temper ourselves with the spirit of self-revolution, unswervingly promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party, and improve the comprehensive and strict management system of the party. the Communist Party of China (CPC) will continue to glow with vitality and unite and lead hundreds of millions of China people to win even greater victories and glory!

accelerate brake fuel consumption second rice liter Almost forgot to go off-road! Testing the 2012 Nissan Tuak Review Editor – Liang Wei:

The Tule had a pretty good reputation in the off-road circle, but now the new Tule seemed to be starting to transform, taking the high-end luxury route, with all kinds of comfortable configurations, all kinds of high-end leather, all kinds of spacious sofa seats… But what was embarrassing was its price. If it were me, I might be more willing to choose the QX56. Although it has first-class performance in all aspects, I still miss the original old Tule.

Review Editor – Hu Zhengqian:

Another product that changed the positioning of the model. Hardcore off-road has also begun to install large sofa-like seats, which are luxurious and comfortable and can go over mountains. It is indeed the demand of many rich people, but after they see the price tag, they will be more willing to buy the QX56.

Review Editor – Luo Hao:

After the predecessors had brought the off-road performance to the extreme, the sixth-generation Tule began to develop significantly in the direction of luxury and comfortable city style. In actual performance, it did quite well, but the brand and price were a little awkward in China. Of course, the powerful four-wheel drive performance was still retained.

　　Original title: The turbid "wine king" Wuliangye lost to Maotai for more than 380 billion market value in 10 years.

　　Chen guang

　　From WeChat WeChat official account: Chinese businessmen’s strategy

　　Wuliangye, the "wine king", used to be the most expensive wine, the most famous wine and the largest wine. Now, it is not even possible to get a gift.

　　one

　　Recently, I visited an old friend who had a good thing. The other person had a good drink, so he planned to buy two bottles of Wuliangye "Puwu" as a gift. Unexpectedly, the owner of the acquaintance suggested that Maotai should be replaced because "Maotai is the most decent and Wuliangye may not be able to get it".

　　After listening to it, I suddenly felt that Wuliangye seems to be really not at the same level as Maotai: in the past two years, on the so-called tall scenes and tables, there were mostly Maotai and few Wuliangye.

　　The boss offered a "conscience price" of 1,400 yuan for Maotai’s 53-degree flying, which exceeded the "red line" of Maotai.

　　

　　In April this year, Maotai introduced the "strictest" dealer punishment system, vowing to control the retail price of 53-degree flying below 1,300 yuan.

　　But this system is not easy to use. Out-of-stock, price increase, purchase restriction, spike … Under the price control, Maotai constantly staged dramas that dissatisfied consumers.

　　Physical stores either raise prices or hoard goods, and online malls are out of stock for a long time. Even if they are "photographed" at the price of 1299, they have to pay a delivery fee higher than that of 200 yuan, but the actual price still exceeds the "red line".

　　It is even more reported that the price of goods taken by retailers in some areas has already passed the 1500 yuan mark.

　　There are many analyses and even conspiracy theories about the shortage of Maotai, but in any case, it at least shows that more and more consumers recognize Maotai and are willing to spend a lot of money on it.

　　A few years ago, the public was still worried that there would be no Maotai after the "eight regulations", but unexpectedly Maotai became more "Maotai".

　　On the other hand, Wuliangye, which was "despised" by the store, was quite embarrassed.

　　

　　This year, Wuliangye has adjusted its price twice, once led by the company and once "said to be" led by the market. After adjustment, the retail prices of Wuliangye "Puwu" and "1618" are all around 900 yuan, but the price of e-commerce platform shows that the promotional price of Puwu is 899 yuan, and the order enjoys 40 yuan discount, and the transaction price is only 859 yuan.

　　In the offline market, according to the unproven statement in the industry, some retailers of Wuliangye still have the phenomenon of upside down, that is, the purchase price is higher than the sales price.

　　The gap between the two is quite emotional, but where does the gap come from?

　　Maotai is Maotai-flavor, Wuliangye is Luzhou-flavor. In China, Luzhou-flavor liquor has a wider audience, and there is also a ridicule in the market all the year round that "those who drink Maotai never buy it, and those who buy Maotai never drink it". In the fierce competition of Luzhou-flavor market, no one can have the taste of Wuliangye, which is the consensus of many good drinkers.

　　Therefore, it is certain that even if the quality is poor, the gap will not be so big.

　　2

　　For Maotai and Wuliangye, the most important asset is the brand, and the difference between Maotai and Wuliangye is also a very important reason. In the past year or two, this gap has become more and more obvious.

　　It can even be said that after several years of advance and retreat, Maotai has completely opened Wuliangye.

　　

　　The appearance of brand difference is that high-end banquets and even many family gatherings drink Maotai; When it comes to the company’s operation, it is increasingly disparity in profitability and company value.

　　In 2016, Maotai achieved a revenue of 38.86 billion and a profit of 16.72 billion. In 2017, Maotai continued to explode, and both revenue and profit in the first quarter increased by over 14% year-on-year.

　　On the other hand, Wuliangye’s revenue in 2016 was 24.54 billion, its net profit was only 6.785 billion, and its profit scale was only 40% of that of Maotai.

　　Reaction in the capital market, the gap between the two is more obvious.

　　In October 2007, the market value of Wuliangye was as high as 171.9 billion yuan, compared with 168 billion yuan for Maotai in the same period.

　　Ten years later, as of the closing of the market on July 25th, Wuliangye, which was proud of Maotai at the beginning, had a market value of only 212.2 billion, while Maotai was as high as 600.4 billion.

　　In this way, in the past 10 years, the market value of Wuliangye has lost more than 380 billion to Maotai.

　　

　　+

　　

　　This is really, where there is contrast, there is harm.

　　Because of this gap, Wuliangye’s performance in the capital market has been criticized, and even some investors cursed "being trapped by Wuliangye for 10 years".

　　There is also a ridicule in the capital market: holding Maotai for 10 years, how many times have you made a profit, and holding Wuliangye for 10 years, you have no sleep.

　　The so-called deep love and responsibility, even so, there are still many investors who have consistent expectations for Wuliangye, thinking that it is the lowest-valued brand in global food consumption. Investment institutions have repeatedly said that it can "reach 300 billion yuan", and investors also think that its market value should be at least half that of Maotai.

　　Unfortunately, the "half" never came.

　　Time is the real touchstone, it can make the superior and the subordinate exchange places. The technology industry is considered to be changing with each passing day, and even if it is stronger than Nokia, there is a risk of rollover. However, what the world often ignores is that even in the most traditional industries, the alternation and overturning of brands has suddenly become the trend of water under the bridge.

　　In the past 20 years, Wuliangye was the trump card of China wine industry. When Maotai was immersed in the name of "national wine", Wuliangye’s annual revenue was five times.

　　At that time, Wuliangye was the most expensive wine, the most famous wine and the largest wine, which was called "the king of wine" by public opinion.

　　

　　However, the wine king is becoming turbid.

　　The grand scene of "thousands of miles of warblers singing green and reflecting red, and the wind of wine flags in the water villages and mountains" has suddenly become like "a glass of wine in the spring breeze of peaches and plums, a lamp in the rivers and lakes for ten years".

　　three

　　Sichuan wine is the best in the world, and the essence is in Yibin.

　　

　　The warm and moist environment in Sichuan has created the strong aroma of Sichuan wine, and Wuliangye is one of the most fragrant.

　　In 1915, Wuliangye crossed the ocean and went to the Panama World Expo on behalf of China Liquor, which attracted much attention. After the reform and opening up, it grew rapidly in the market economy and became the first brand in Sichuan.

　　

　　The development of Wuliangye is inseparable from its ancient brewing method and the key promoters. Today, when Wuliangye is mentioned, many people will think of Wang Guochun, the former chairman of the group, at the first time.

　　In the industry, Wang Guochun is a mixed character. But regardless of the merits and demerits, without Wang Guochun, there may be no "wine king" of Wuliangye.

　　In 1985, 39-year-old Wang Guochun became the director of Yibin Wuliangye Winery, and since then he has been in a "ruling" career for 22 years. When Wang took office, Wuliangye was only a medium-sized local winery. When he left office, Wuliangye was enjoying the last glory of the "wine king".

　　Wang Guochun is bold and knows the market. For a long time, other wine brands can only follow in his footsteps.

　　

　　For example, in 1989, Wuliangye took the lead in raising prices, which directly laid the price system of liquor industry. At the same time, Maotai still stays in workshop-style production, and even the "national first-class enterprise" that the State Council participated in failed to pass.

　　During Wang Guochun’s tenure, he left many similar decisions and stories, among which the buyout management system and the OEM authorization system derived from it were the most critical and most influential.

　　This system once helped Wuliangye sweep across the world, but it has become its present shackles.

　　In 1992, Wang Guochun took the lead in introducing the buyout management system into the liquor industry, and distributors in various regions were able to do all the work. They bought goods from wineries at preferential prices, and constantly explored the market with great enthusiasm, supplemented by fierce brand offensive. Wuliangye soon blossomed everywhere and captured the national market.

　　In just two years, the price and scale of Wuliangye surpassed that of "Fen Lao Da" in an all-round way, and the name of wine king came from this.

　　After several years of rapid development, Wuliangye borrowed the power of capital.

　　On April 27th, 1998, Wuliangye was listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, with an opening price of 29.77 yuan, which was quickly promoted to 57 yuan.

　　At that time, Maotai’s sales were only 800 million, and its market share was only 0.01%.

　　The 53-degree flying Maotai, known as the "classic national wine", has a unit price of only about 200 yuan, which is dozens of yuan cheaper than Wuliangye’s "Puwu". And even if the price is the highest, the "Puwu" is still in short supply.

　　At that time, no matter the brand image, price and scale, Wuliangye was riding the dust.

　　However, the ambition of this company is not only to become the boss of high-end wine. In other words, the status of local state-owned leading enterprises determines that it cannot be limited to single products and wait for natural growth.

　　

　　In order to pursue scale and profit, Wang Guochun has launched a series of diversified operations, but most of them ended in failure. However, Wang Guochun has made quite successful innovations around the brands of liquor and Wuliangye.

　　Wuliangye is a high-grade wine, and there is still a lot of room for development in the middle and low-grade fields. Focusing on this market, on the basis of buyout operation, Wuliangye launched a brand-new brand Wuliangchun, and with the help of Wuliangye’s production, this nascent brand quickly achieved great success.

　　Seeing the rolling interests, Wuliangye has successively bred brands such as Wuliangchun, Jinliufu, Liuyang River and Jingjiu, all of which have gained fame and fortune.

　　It was also the most glorious era of Sichuan wine. With the east wind of Wuliangye, the output value of Sichuan wine industry is increasing day by day, and GDP and profits are rising …

　　However, everything has two sides. These brands are all stained with the light of Wuliangye and let Wuliangye brand. The more successful they are, the more Wuliangye will earn. However, in the process, the value of Wuliangye’s main brand has been repeatedly diluted.

　　Buy-out operation, brand authorization (OEM production) and listing, all of which will praise Wuliangye to the sky and drag it back to the ground in the future.

　　four

　　Jinliufu and Liuyang River are survivors of Wuliangye brand system, and their numerous "brothers" are filled with a large number of unfortunate people who drowned.

　　

　　How many OEM products does Wuliangye have? This problem was once a mystery in the industry.

　　The success of Jinliufu triggered a wave of liquor buyout, and buyout operation became Wuliangye’s treasury for mining wealth. It has been reported that even Wang Guochun, who started the OEM mode, can’t figure out how many sub-brands and Sun brands there are.

　　According to statistics, from 2000 to 2003, there were thousands of foreign authorized brands of Wuliangye.

　　But not all those who are in contact with Wuliangye have a good life. There are more and more OEM products with the same price, the competition is becoming more and more fierce, bloody hand-to-hand combat can be seen everywhere, only a few survive, and most of them have already died.

　　Even the survivors are not comfortable.

　　A few years ago, it was reported that many Wuliangye OEMs and self-operated brands did not make money, and the biggest profit was to get Wuliangye wine to sell. Wuliangye has policy support for these OEMs. If the order exceeds a certain amount, a certain amount of Wuliangye wine will be presented at the ex-factory price.

　　Whether the OEM is doing well or not, Wuliangye need not worry, because its related profits are extremely stable. The OEM bought out the brand and had to go to Wuliangye’s packaging factory to buy packaging. The price quoted by the factory is said to be several times that of the same price wine.

　　At the same time, Wuliangye requires OEMs to maintain a 30% increase in the annual order volume, which has caused many OEMs to have a serious inventory backlog, and indigestible brands can only wait for death quietly.

　　Relying on the development of a large number of branded products, Wuliangye’s sales and profits have been rapidly improved, but the value of its main brand has been continuously divided in this round of feast.

　　Many sub-brands of Wuliangye are concentrated in some regional markets and belong to big distributors. Wuliangye is only responsible for collecting money, producing and selling, and the big dealers are solely responsible for it.

　　

　　Dealers think more about how to make money than to maintain Wuliangye’s brand image. Gradually, the bright and dark angle between Wuliangye, local wine enterprises and distributors gradually flourished, and the goodwill of its main brand was hit one after another.

　　To put it bluntly, liquor is selling brands. Wuliangye can produce so many sub-brands and Sun brands, and it is entirely dependent on the signboard of "Wine King". Once the main brand image is damaged, everything becomes a castle in the air.

　　Regrettably, Wuliangye has never got rid of the problem of brand value being diluted since the buyout operation.

　　The group has long understood the seriousness of the problem, but it has always been faced with a difficult situation.

　　For more than ten years, from "1+9+8 brand strategy" to "1+5+N" and then to "1+3+5", Wuliangye has always wanted to cut off its sub-brands, but there are still countless wines under the slogan of Wuliangye.

　　At the annual liquor fair, Wuliangye Legion is the largest, so that its sub-brands can be seen every two or three stations. Wuliangchen, Wuliangyuan, Fuxiyingmen and New Concept … All these wines are marked with the words Yibin Wuliangye Co., Ltd. without exception.

　　Although they belong to different companies, these brands employ almost the same designers-except for the brand name, their products have almost the same packaging as Wuliangye.

　　Enter Wuliangye and 52 degrees on the e-commerce website, and you will get a lot of search results. The word "Wuliangye" is always magnified in the most conspicuous place, but the prices of these products vary widely.

　　

　　+

　　Even if you buy "Puwu" online, the boss will repeatedly confirm with you. After all, in addition to these sub-brands, under the pure Wuliangye series, there are also a bunch of varieties such as 52-degree Wuliangye, treasured Wuliangye and Wuliangye vintage wine.

　　The more money you earn by OEM, the weaker the brand recognition of wine king. Today, 20 years later, the wine king is no longer as distinctive as before, and even the "Puwu" has gradually degenerated into ordinary.

　　In contrast, Maotai has always adhered to the 1+3 strategy, that is, one world-class Maotai, plus three key series of wines (moutai prince Wine, Maotai Welcome Wine and Laimao). Its flying Maotai, which has always held high, is unique and even becomes the only top brand in the minds of more and more high-end consumers.

　　Therefore, the saying that "Maotai is the most decent, Wuliangye may not be able to get it" has emerged, and it has increasingly become a consensus.

　　five

　　Some people wonder: what is the big problem of brand dilution? Why not just cut off most sub-brands across the board?

　　It’s easier said than done.

　　For most enterprises that have been producing OEM products for more than 20 years and have long been integrated with their sub-brands, it is not easy to make a one-size-fits-all approach, and it is even more difficult for Wuliangye.

　　There have been rumors that the internal and external interests of Wuliangye are intertwined and outsiders can’t sort it out at all. Qualification of brand authorization and contact with some senior executives; It is a trade-off between big distributors selling Wuliangye and their own brands; Local wineries are inextricably linked with Wuliangye; Even the possible interest transfer …

　　

　　These complex lines are interwoven into a dense net, and internal forces can’t open it at all.

　　To take a step back, even if these rumors are slander, only from the visible results, cutting off the sub-brands across the board will not only affect the scale and profit of Wuliangye, but also affect the local industrial output value and GDP. Who will bear this responsibility?

　　Wuliangye is not only Yibin’s city name card, but also plays a vital role in the economy of Sichuan province: Wuliangye has always been the most important profit in the large state-owned enterprises controlled by Sichuan State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission.

　　For Yibin municipal government, the importance of Wuliangye can be imagined. Therefore, when this huge ship fell into a situation of slow growth, the local government was more anxious than anyone else and was eager to make changes.

　　No one can resist this will, even Wang Guochun, who has been in power for 22 years.

　　On March 21st, 2007, Wuliangye announced that Tang Qiao, former vice mayor of Yibin, would take over the post of chairman of Wuliangye in Wang Guochun. After a paper announcement, Wang Guochun era ended and Wuliangye entered Tangqiao era.

　　

　　"The government wants to promote the reform of Wuliangye through external forces. The internal power of Wuliangye is very complicated, and it is difficult to break the existing interest pattern by relying on internal strength. " An industry insider analyzed.

　　Tang Qiao took office at the dusk of the wine king. Soon after he took office, Maotai’s annual net profit and market both surpassed Wuliangye, and the gap widened, even though its overall scale remained ahead.

　　In 2012, Wuliangye’s revenue was still slightly ahead of Maotai (27.201 billion vs. 26.455 billion), but two years later, Maotai not only surpassed Wuliangye by 10.563 billion in revenue, but also made a net profit of 2.5 times.

　　Because of these figures, public opinion is not friendly to Tangqiao, but many things cannot be changed by individuals.

　　When the great ship slowed down, the previous downstream became a countercurrent. Wuliangye’s big distributor system is based on high growth and high profit. When the profit drops, everyone has a hard time.

　　In the retail market, the price of Wuliangye began to appear generally upside down, and it was difficult for dealers to make money. Wuliangye also has a policy support for dealers, that is, a certain amount of Wuliangye liquor can be obtained at the end of the year after completing a certain sales volume. In order to earn rebates, many dealers have to sell or even sell goods at low prices, which leads to chaos in their distribution system.

　　Even so, it is still not feasible to cut off sub-brands on a large scale. After all, local state-owned enterprises can not pursue profit growth, but they must pursue scale and taxation. Therefore, while cleaning up the old sub-brands, Wuliangye expands new sub-brands. In the end, it is unclear whether it will increase or decrease.

　　More importantly, after handing over the position of the first brother of liquor to Maotai, even if other brands are cut off, it is difficult to get back the former wine Wang Rongyao.

　　With the market value and sales in trouble, once small problems have become big problems.

　　Investors questioned the existence of huge related transactions between Wuliangye’s listed entities and the group. When Wuliangye went public, it only put the assets of brewing into the listed companies, but not the base wine, processing, packaging materials and sales, which led to a large number of related purchases and related sales between the subsidiaries of the group and the listed companies.

　　"Related party transactions will lead to unclear interests and easy profit transfer." A securities analyst said.

　　Following this line, investors turned their anger to Yibin municipal government, complaining that Wuliangye is the ATM of local government and even some groups, but it is only the minority shareholders.

　　

　　The background of such complaints is: In the past 16 years, the old rival Maotai paid a total of 43 billion dividends to shareholders.

　　Even competitors are eager to label Wuliangye: the opaque and chaotic distribution system of China Liquor today is inseparable from the buyout operation led by Wuliangye in those days.

　　Tangqiao failed to reverse this decline.

　　On March 30th, 2017, after the "Ten Years of Tangqiao", Wuliangye announced the change of coach, and Li Shuguang, deputy director of Sichuan Economic and Information Committee, became the new successor.

　　six

　　Li Shuguang is 55 years old and has no previous experience in wine industry.

　　

　　Can this former bystander see more clearly? Everything is still unknown.

　　But in front of Li Shuguang, there is a tense situation that can’t be wasted for a moment: Maotai is still developing rapidly and has become the world wine king in market value; Behind Wuliangye, Yanghe is pressing, and LU ZHOU LAO JIAO CO.,LTD is also rubbing his hands.

　　Wuliangye hopes to make a change.

　　The first task of change should be to reshape the brand.

　　In March 2016, Zhu Zhongyu, deputy general manager of Wuliangye Co., Ltd., talked about an important issue for the first time: the new normal of liquor is to reduce government intervention in the market and stop blindly pursuing extensive management of sales scale.

　　At the end of the year, Wuliangye cleaned up 300 products at one time.

　　In July 2017, it was reported that 18 series under the Group would withdraw from the historical stage …

　　If the reform is thoroughly promoted, Wuliangye may face pain, but such a change is imperative, because the confidence of dealers and consumers in Wuliangye’s brand has reached an extremely critical node.

　　Under the general trend of consumption upgrading, more and more consumers will pay for the brand. It is for this reason that Maotai has thrown Wuliangye further and further, enjoying a premium from products to capital markets.

　　If Wuliangye continues to decline like it did in the past 10 years, under the siege of more and more pursuers, the wine king may not even be able to keep the position of the second child. Once that happens, Wuliangye will lose itself completely.

　　No one wants to see the wine king continue to decline, whether it is the people of Sichuan, the national liquor lovers, or the investors who are waiting for it in the capital market.

　　

　　So do I. My father treasures some old Wuliangye, and I don’t want to see them even given as gifts, so I have to think twice about "whether it’s not bashful".

　　Perhaps it is because of the decline of Wuliangye. Recently, Langjiu, who is also a Sichuan wine, directly released wild words, and it seems that Wuliangye has long been ignored by it.

　　More stories behind this and the whole liquor industry will be broken down for you in the future. Let me show you how this industry, which is the oldest and most related to the general public, has evolved in the new era when people’s eyes are focused on cutting-edge technology industries such as artificial intelligence and cloud computing.

　　Consumption upgrading is a big core of the future economy. I believe that the ups and downs of these wine brands will also have reference and reference significance for the whole consumer goods industry.

Original Zhiling Sister’s Children’s Pharmacy Circle Pediatric Pharmacy Zhiling Sister　

Early this morning, the four characters of "syncytial virus" appeared on the hot search list, which made many parents’ hearts once again mention their throats. Recently, the pediatric clinic was once full, basically all children with mycoplasma pneumonia and flu. Many parents wonder why there are so many viruses, and what is syncytial virus? Here Zhiling will introduce this so-called "syncytial virus" to parents.

What is respiratory syncytial virus infection? What are its clinical manifestations?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important pathogen that causes lower respiratory tract infection (bronchiolitis or pneumonia) in infants. Almost all children have been infected with respiratory syncytial virus before the age of 2, and about 50% children have been infected with respiratory syncytial virus at least twice. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is common in infants, especially in infants aged 1-6 months, and it is popular in winter and spring. The early stage of infection is similar to the common cold, with fever, slight cough, sneezing, runny nose and other symptoms suddenly onset; After about 1-3 days, irritating cough, progressive shortness of breath and dyspnea may occur. In severe cases, symptoms such as irritability, groaning, pale face, purple lips, inspiratory chest wall depression, refusal to eat, dehydration, and chills in hands and feet may occur. Small infants, premature infants or low birth weight infants may have apnea before dyspnea occurs. Pneumonia auscultation can be audible and expiratory wheezing sounds, which may be accompanied by moderate to fine moist rales. The peak of the disease is 48-72 hours after dyspnea occurs, and the course of the disease is generally about 1-2 weeks.

How to treat respiratory syncytial virus infection?

Respiratory syncytial virus infection is mostly mild, and there is no specific medicine at present, and the treatment is mainly supportive treatment. For children with obvious asthma, the doctor may prescribe some oral drugs for atomization, phlegm and asthma; Children with excessive sputum in the respiratory tract and weak cough will be given sputum suction; With bacterial infection, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics. Parents should pay attention to isolate the children, and at the same time, keep enough liquid for the children, and observe the children’s cough, wheezing, body temperature, milk intake, urine output, spirit and dryness of lips. If the doctor evaluates the patient as severe, he should be hospitalized actively.

How to prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection?

There is no vaccine to prevent respiratory syncytial virus at present. Respiratory syncytial virus is mainly transmitted by droplets and contact, so the most feasible prevention method is to pay attention to personal hygiene; When people around you and your family catch a cold, you should pay attention to keeping a certain distance; Often open the window for ventilation; Avoid going to crowded places; Wear a mask when you go out and wash your hands frequently when you go home; Respiratory syncytial virus is fragile and easily killed by soap, water and common disinfectants. Finally, it is emphasized that breastfeeding, especially the immune factor (SIgA) contained in human colostrum, can play a very good protective role for children.

That’s all for today.

I hope it can help you!

Read the original text

　　On the evening of August 18th, the website of the National Medical Insurance Bureau published the list of drugs that passed the preliminary examination of the 2023 National Medical Insurance Catalogue, and interpreted the formula.

　　According to the published information, from 9: 00 on July 1, 2023 to 17: 00 on July 14, 2023, the Medical Insurance Bureau received a total of 629 enterprise declaration information, involving 570 drugs (generic names, the same below). After examination, 390 drugs passed the preliminary examination.

　　Compared with 2022, the number of declared drugs has increased to some extent.One million needles of CAR-T therapy drugs, Aquilencel injection and Regioscel injection, as well as detrozumab for breast cancer drug injection, which was just approved in February this year.(trade name: Youhede) all appear on the list.

　　China’s first approved CAR-T product is Yikaida (Akilensai Injection) from Fosun Kate Company, which went on the market in June 2021, and the retail price was once as high as 1.2 million/bag (68ml). Previously, the drug also appeared in the preliminary list of medical insurance catalogue in 2021, but it did not enter the medical insurance catalogue in the end.

　　As a new generation of ADC drugs targeting HER2, detrtuzumab for injection (Youhede) was approved by National Medical Products Administration, China on February 21, 2023. It is used as a single drug to treat unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive adult breast cancer patients who have received one or more anti-HER2 drugs in the past. The domestic listing price is 8860 yuan/piece.

　　In the interpretation, the Medical Insurance Bureau said that some expensive drugs that were obviously beyond the basic medical insurance coverage passed the preliminary formal examination, which only indicated that the drugs met the declaration conditions and obtained the qualification to enter the next link. Whether this kind of drugs can finally enter the national medical insurance drug list still needs strict evaluation procedures, and then exclusive drugs need to be negotiated and non-exclusive drugs need to be auctioned, and only after successful negotiation or bidding can they be included in the list.

　　According to the relevant information of the document, the publicity time is August 18, 2023 — August 24th, for a week. Follow-up will further verify the relevant information according to the feedback received during the publicity period, and determine the scope of drugs that finally passed the formal review.

　　The Secretariat elected by the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China is composed of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi, and people call it the "Five Secretaries".

　　With the magnificent and glorious history of 95 years, the central organization of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has been adjusted and gradually improved from scratch, forming a party central organization with reasonable structure, complete setup and smooth operation. The central organization is the central organization of the party and the organizational core of the whole party. According to the current regulations of party constitution, the central organization of the Party includes the National Congress of the Party, the Central Committee and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection elected by it; The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee elected by the plenary session of the Central Committee; The Central Military Commission (CMC) decided by the Central Committee and the Central Secretariat nominated by Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and adopted by the plenary session of the Central Committee. It can be said that the evolution history of the party’s central organization is a condensed history of the party. This paper focuses on the historical evolution of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, its Standing Committee, the Central Secretariat and the Central Military Commission (CMC).

　　The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee and Central Secretariat.

　　The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee are important parts of the Party’s central organization and leading bodies that faithfully implement the line, principles and policies adopted by the Party’s National Congress and the resolutions of the plenary session of the Central Committee.

　　The Secretariat of the Central Committee is the office of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee and an important organization of the CPC Central Committee.

　　The first congress of the party

　　Set the C.O. as the temporary central leading body.

　　A major decision of the Party is not to set up the Central Executive Committee for the time being, but to set up the Central Bureau as the temporary leading body of the Central Committee, with secretaries and members. In November, 1921, in the name of the secretary of the C.O., the the Communist Party of China (CPC) C.O. Notice was issued to party organizations all over the country. This is the first document issued after the establishment of the central leading body. In 1922, for the first time, the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China made more specific and clear provisions on the principles and policies of the Party’s organizational construction. Based on party constitution, the second Central Executive Committee of communist party, China, was elected as the leading body of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with its chairman. In 1923, the leading body of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was the third executive committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). According to the provisions of the three major party constitution, the Central Executive Committee has a standing body, namely, the Central Bureau and the Central Commissioner. The Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China adopted the Organic Law of the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which made specific provisions on the central organization, division of responsibilities and work system of the Party for the first time.

　　The Fifth Congress of the Party

　　The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee were formally established.

　　In November, 1924, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Political Bureau for the first time, consisting of Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen and Vygotsky. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau were formally established at the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee is the highest decision-making organ of the whole Party, and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau is responsible for handling daily affairs. For the first time, the party’s decision-making organ and the organ responsible for daily work are divided into two institutions. This is a great contribution to the leadership system of the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Since then, in the evolution of the party’s central organization, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee has always existed in the sequence of central leading bodies, and his functions and status have not changed.

　　The Party’s Sixth party constitution stipulates that the Central Committee and the Political Bureau "elect the Standing Committee to carry out their daily work". The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee were elected at the First Plenary Session of the Sixth CPC Central Committee.

　　The Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth CPC Central Committee

　　First establishment of the Central Secretariat

　　In January 1934, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee was re-elected at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Party, and the Central Secretariat was established at the same time. It is generally believed that the Secretariat of the Central Committee at that time was actually Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee. From September to November, 1938, after the Sixth Plenary Session of the enlarged Sixth Central Committee of the Party, The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) was officially replaced by the Central Secretariat. The Seventh National Congress of party constitution continued this institutional arrangement, stipulating that the Political Bureau of the Central Committee is the central guiding organ of the Party to guide all the work of the Party. The Secretariat of the Central Committee handles the daily work of the Central Committee under the the Political Bureau of the Central Committee Resolution. As a result, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau was not elected at the Seventh National Congress. This system was used until the Eighth National Congress of the Party in 1956.

　　The Secretariat elected by the Seventh National Congress is composed of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi. People call it the "Five Secretaries", which forms the first generation of the central leading collective of the Party and plays an important role in the history of the Party.

　　Party’s Eighth National Congress

　　Resume the establishment of the Politburo Standing Committee

　　The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China adjusted the central organization of the Party and resumed the establishment of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau. The Eighth National Congress of party constitution stipulates: "The plenary session of the Central Committee of the Party elects the Standing Committees of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Central Secretariat", "the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee exercise the functions and powers of the Central Committee when the plenary session of the Central Committee is not in session" and "The Central Secretariat is under the leadership of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee to handle the daily work of the Central Committee". The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China elected a new central leading body.

　　After the "Cultural Revolution" began, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, its Standing Committee and Secretariat were severely impacted. After the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Political Bureau and its Standing Committee were restored to their original positions. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the position and role of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee as central leading bodies have not changed.

　　The Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party

　　Restore the establishment of the Central Secretariat

　　The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China determined the basic framework of the central leadership system, which had an important impact on the establishment of the central leadership system later. After the "Cultural Revolution", the Secretariat of the Central Committee stopped working, and it was not established at the 9th to 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

　　In February 1980, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the Resolution on the Establishment of the Central Secretariat, and resumed the establishment of the Central Secretariat as a regular working body under the leadership of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee. Members are directly elected by the Central Committee. The Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again wrote the establishment of the Central Secretariat into party constitution, followed the provisions of the resolution of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and defined the establishment, production mode and functions of the Central Secretariat. The party constitution Amendment to the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made appropriate amendments to the provisions on the establishment of the Central Secretariat. Since then, the provisions of the Central Secretariat have not changed.

　　the Central Military Commission (CMC)

　　The Central Military Commission (CMC) is the highest military leading organ of the Party, referred to as the Central Military Commission. It has experienced a complicated evolution and development process.

　　The Ministry of Military Affairs was established in 1925.

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Military Ministry in 1925, the Central Military Commission in 1926, and the Military (Military) Ministry after the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In January 1931, according to the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee’s decision, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Soviet was established in the Central Revolutionary Base. In November of the same year, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Soviet Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Central Revolutionary Military Commission) was established in the central revolutionary base area, which was the military leading body of the interim central government of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and chinese soviet republic.

　　The Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China established a military commission.

　　In August 1937, Luochuan Conference decided to form the Central Revolutionary Military Commission headed by Mao Zedong. The Seventh party constitution Congress of the Communist Party of China stipulated that the Central Committee should set up a military commission. On August 23rd, 1945, the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decided to form the new the Central Military Commission (CMC). In November 1948, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that the Central Military Commission should use the name of "China People’s Revolutionary Military Commission" when issuing orders to the public.

　　In 1959, the Central Military Commission set up a standing committee member.

　　In October 1949, the People’s Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People’s Government was established, and in September 1954, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee decided to re-establish CPC Central Military Commission. Since September 1959, the Central Military Commission has set up a standing committee until the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

　　In 1983, the State Central Military Commission was established.

　　Since June 1983, People’s Republic of China (PRC) the Central Military Commission (CMC) has been established according to the Constitution. The Central Military Commission of the Party and the Central Military Commission of the State are actually an institution, and their members and leadership functions are completely consistent. This leadership system with China characteristics ensures that the army is always under the absolute leadership of the Party.

　　Written by: Zhang Dongming Visual Coordinator: Zhang Fangman

　　On September 19th, the reporter learned from the epidemic prevention and control headquarters of novel coronavirus, Sanya City, Hainan Province that according to the current needs of epidemic prevention and control work in Sanya City, according to the relevant provisions of the novel coronavirus Prevention and Control Plan (Ninth Edition), a comprehensive group of joint prevention and control mechanisms for novel coronavirus epidemic in the State Council, after the expert group judged, the epidemic prevention and control headquarters of Sanya City decided to adjust the areas such as Buildings 79, 81 and 83 of Yefeng Lane in Hongqi Street Community to low-risk areas. Since the announcement was issued, the high-risk areas have been adjusted to 2. Areas other than high and medium risk areas are low risk areas.

　　Take sealing and control measures for high-risk areas: stay indoors and provide on-site service. There were no new infections in the area for 7 consecutive days, and all the people in the risk area were negative after completing a round of nucleic acid screening on the 7 th day, which was reduced to a medium risk area; For three consecutive days, no new infections were reduced to a low-risk area.

　　Take control measures for the medium-risk area: time-sharing and orderly, current limiting in different areas, and taking things at different peaks. There were no new infections in the area for 7 consecutive days, and all the people in the risk area were negative after completing a round of nucleic acid screening on the 7 th day, which was reduced to a low-risk area.

　　If residents in high and medium risk areas encounter difficulties in living and seeking medical treatment, they can call the Sanya municipal government service hotline 12345.

　　(Reporter Ma Li, General Desk)

Original Mo Lifeng Zhonghua Reading Newspaper

Nanjing University is the host of today’s meeting. I am the oldest in this academic team. The discipline of ancient literature has a tradition of respecting the elderly. Vice President Tong Ling asked me to make a speech. I have always been afraid to talk about macro issues. When I read the topic of the conference, I felt a little weak. Looking at the list of delegates, I am even more uneasy about those who are always afraid. So I want to take this opportunity to put forward my confusion and ask you questions, that is, "what is academics" and "what is academics".

Mo Lifeng spoke at the meeting.

What is academic? I used to be a member of the academic committee of Nanjing University for two times, and now I am also a member of the academic committee of China Ancient Literature Research Center of Fudan University and China Poetics Research Center of Anhui Normal University. I should know what scholarship is. But as saint augustinus said in Confessions, "What is time? Nobody asked me, but I know. Someone asked me, and I wanted to explain it to him, but I was puzzled. " If you really want me to make it clear what is academic, I’m confused. Some people say that the word "academic" is an exotic product, which originated from the academy, a college where Plato gave lectures in ancient Greece. This statement is high and unrealistic, because in that case, it is bound to deny that China had its own academics in ancient times. There are more than ten meanings of the word "academic" in the Chinese Dictionary, among which three are learned, learned and theoretical, which are more in line with modern people’s cognition. The definition of Modern Chinese Dictionary is: systematic and specialized knowledge. However, to what extent is specialized or systematic knowledge called academic, and its boundary is still vague. And according to my contact with science scholars or social science scholars, their understanding of academics is quite different from ours. So we must limit the scope of discussion to humanities. But even so, everyone’s opinions are still divergent. Biographies of figures in the official history of dynasties divide scholars into three categories: scholars, scholars and Taoists. They seem to belong to different circles, and those who hold several positions are rare. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Cheng Yi thought that learning can be divided into the study of articles, the study of exegetics and the study of Confucian scholars. In the Qing Dynasty, Yao Nai further put forward: "The matter of learning in the world,There are three points: righteousness, writing and textual research, and the same trend cannot be abolished. Although "the same cannot be abolished", from the historical point of view, it seems that the most famous Ganjia school in the academic history of the Qing Dynasty is only good at "textual research", and Ganjia academic is thus called Pu Xue or Textual Research by later generations. As for "righteousness" and "article", even if they are not completely denied, they are shelved. This tendency has been extended to modern times, and the most important embodiment is the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica, represented by Hu Shi and Fu Sinian, who held the highest discourse power in the academic circles in the Republic of China. "Institute of Historical Languages" is the Institute of Historical Languages, and its name does not include literature. The study of articles mentioned by the ancients has been expressly excluded. Please note that our subject, namely, the subject of China ancient literature, is not academic in the evaluation criteria of "Institute of History and Language". Of course, this contempt for the study of ci and Zhang is not the original creation of the "Institute of History and Language", but a long-standing academic prejudice. The originality of "Institute of History and Language" is that they also take whether to adopt western academic methods as the standard, and Qian Mu, a famous scholar, is famous for his works. However, because he is a native scholar and unfamiliar with western learning, Fu Sinian is extremely contemptuous of him, claiming that he "never reads a word about Qian’s books", so that Qian Mu was not awarded "Academician of Academia Sinica" until his later years. After moving to Taiwan in 1949, "Shi Yu Institute" has lost its right to speak in mainland academic circles, but its influence still exists. Take a look at the evaluation criteria indicated in the "Examples" in the "Notes on Modern Learning Forests" published in 2010, just like the following one:"Emphasis on modern western academic training and background, not on China’s traditional academic orientation." The selected scholars in this book are all majoring in the study of China literature and history, and it is a prerequisite to "not pay attention to the academic orientation of China’s traditional standard"! In addition, there is an important selection criterion in Dianjianglu: "The practical work of positivism is emphasized, and the classical speculation of metaphysics is not emphasized." This excludes all the "principles and articles" mentioned by Yao Nai, leaving only the category of "textual research". Therefore, "Dianjianglu" openly stated that those "those with deep academic ability and many works but poor style" were excluded, among which Yu Pingbo, Gao Heng, Jiang Liangfu, wu shichang, Cheng Qianfan and others were publicly named, while You Guoen, Lin Geng, Pu Jiangqing, Ren Bantang and others were not named. These senior scholars are all Taishan Beidou in the eyes of my generation, but they regard it as nothing in their eyes. In addition, although Zhang Taiyan is listed in the frontispiece of this book, he is compared to classical literature, with the purpose of "keeping out of the list". As for Mr. Huang Jigang, Zhang Mengao, only a few negative comments are attached to Zhang Taiyan’s article. As a member of the research field of ancient literature, what is my attitude towards the above tendency? My attitude is to ignore it. Academics is the public instrument of the world, not the patent of a few people. Of course, they can put forward their standards, and we can stick to ours. Different ways, no common cause, no common goal, everyone can do their own thing. Therefore, it is best not to pursue a uniform standard for academic evaluation. Not only are liberal arts and science very different, but each branch of liberal arts also has its own characteristics.There is no uniform norm. I think the so-called academic community is best limited to a small academic category, so that everyone can have a common language. Otherwise, chickens and ducks can’t talk at all. As for the discipline of ancient literature in China, quite a few colleagues have been engaged in sorting out the academic history of this discipline in recent years. The works I have read include Guo Yingde’s History of Classical Literature Research in China, Zhao Minli’s History of Classical Literature Research in China in the 20th century and Huang Lin’s History of Ancient Literature Research in China in the 20th century. They comprehensively summed up the academic history or academic status quo of this discipline, which is what we should pay attention to.

Then, how can I answer the question of "what is scholarship" within the discipline of ancient literature in China? From the microscopic point of view of every scholar, I think academic research, especially literary research, must be as eclectic and varied as our research objects themselves. Therefore, as long as we are engaged in serious thinking and writing, it is worthy of recognition, and we must respect the academic personality of scholars. I am mainly engaged in the research of Tang and Song poetry, and my favorite achievement is my writings in this field. Moreover, I only look at the academic itself, regardless of the level of the platform where scholars are located, the size of all titles, or the support of project funds or the blessing of award-winning grades. For example, Beishan Yu and Zhou Benchun, two late predecessors of Huaiyin Teachers College, I think their works are excellent academic achievements. Yu Xiansheng’s major achievements are Three Kinds of Chronological Works of Beishan Yu, namely Lu You’s Chronology, Yang Wanli’s Chronology and Fan Chengda’s Chronology. The three books have been written and revised for 36 years, which is the crystallization of the hard work of Lao Zi. As for the academic value of the three books, the Publication Instructions written by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House made it clear: "Professor Beishan Yu changed the previous practice of purely objective records in compiling the chronicle, and integrated the chronicle and commentary into one. The key points were his own comments and analysis, which reflected the traces of academic progress." "Its huge space and detailed textual research are irreplaceable so far." This evaluation is very accurate and in place. I totally agree. Mr. Beishan Yu never received any support from any "project" or any level of reward before his death.This can’t be compared with some scholars who have numerous projects and won awards frequently, but it is the former that really promotes academic progress, not the latter. Mr. Zhou Benchun’s Reading Notes on Common Books is an unremarkable little book, but I often read it and recommended it to graduate students of Southern University, because Mr. Zhou is very practical in his scholarship. He learned from Gu Tinglin’s spirit of "collecting copper from the mountains" in the Japanese Records, and compared the information one by one, distinguishing right from wrong, and put forward good opinions on almost every item.

Three Kinds of Beishan Yu’s Chronological Works

However, from the macro level of the whole academic circle, I think the discipline of ancient literature in China should have its commonness, that is, the overall goal and research focus. China’s ancient literature has a history of more than 3,000 years. Due to the rule that "one generation wins" in style, when a certain style of it reaches its peak in a certain era, its high achievements are hard to be surpassed by future generations, thus becoming a classic with permanent value and a permanent aesthetic object for future generations. And because China’s ancient literature embodies the basic spirit of Chinese culture and the cultural and psychological characteristics of the Chinese nation in a vivid and concrete way, its classic works are well-known and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, profoundly affecting the moral ideal and aesthetic purport of the Chinese nation, and playing an indispensable role in cultivating sentiment and personality. From The Book of Songs and Songs of the South to A Dream of Red Mansions and Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, China’s ancient literary classics are both beautiful literary works and profound life guides. In China’s literary history of more than 3,000 years, poetry is the most mature literary style. As early as the pre-Qin period, our ancestors put forward the idea of "expressing ambition through poetry", which became the pioneering program of China’s poetry. The main content of China’s ancient poems is to chant people’s real life and express their inner feelings in real life, which is fundamentally different from ancient western epics with the main content of praising gods. For this reason, in ancient China, "poetry expressing ambition" was not the patent of a few poets, but a common way for the whole nation to write their hearts. "Poetry expresses ambition"It is not a sudden inspiration in accidental situations, but a lyric channel in all life situations. Since the pre-Qin era, poetry writing has become a universal cultural activity. "Climbing to the top can make you a doctor" means that the upper class of society takes poetry as an essential skill. The legendary system of "collecting poems" and "offering poems" reflects the creative situation of the lower class. The Book of Songs and Songs of the South marked the precocity of China’s poetry with unparalleled aesthetic standards, and became the earliest embodiment of the poetic characteristics of Chinese culture. After the Han Dynasty, China’s poetry has been continuously developed from form, content and style for more than two thousand years. Excellent poets are like stars, and their famous chapters and sentences are beautiful. Chinese culture endows poetry with incomparably powerful functions and becomes a cultural form deeply rooted in people’s hearts. In the history of China, there are many people with lofty ideals whose life sparks add luster to Chinese culture. When future generations cherish the memory of these glorious figures, poetry often becomes the most dazzling bright spot. Qu Yuan, who wanders in the river and lake, and Du Fu, who won eternal life in the hearts of China people with their magnificent poems. Wen Tianxiang’s personality spirit of sacrificing one’s life for righteousness is condensed in two poems: "Who has never died in life since ancient times, and who has left his heart to shine on the history", and Lin Zexu’s selfless enthusiasm for serving the country is condensed in two poems: "If you are selfish, your country will live and die, why should you avoid it because of misfortune?" It can be said that no other ancient classics can more succinctly and vividly express the passion of people with lofty ideals, and no other ancient classics can make a deeper impression on the hearts of future generations. The above content should be the primary object of academic research in this discipline.

Let’s talk about the second question. What is academic? In a word, it should be to seek the truth. As small as the writing age of a work or the true meaning of a poem, as large as the cause of a literary fashion or the formation process of a literary group, the research goal of scholars is to pursue as accurate an answer as possible. There is no doubt that true scholarship will inevitably exclude any utilitarian purpose. Chinese ancestors listed "making a statement" and "establishing morality" and "making meritorious deeds" as immortal undertakings in life, and writing academic works is obviously the most important means of making a statement. Since it is so important, how can we treat it lightly? Therefore, when the ancients were engaged in writing, they worked hard and bowed to the utmost. Sima Qian’s Historical Records not only abides by his father’s legacy, but also consciously inherits the cultural tradition of Confucius’ Spring and Autumn Annals. "If you regret it, you will be punished to death." Every time I read Sima Qian’s "Letter to Ren Shaoqing", "The servant has written this book sincerely, and the famous mountain is well-known in the city, so he has to pay for the humiliation before. Although he has been slaughtered, is there any regret?" In front of me, there will be a figure of Taishigong writing at his desk in the candlelight, and every word that flows out of his pen is "writing with blood." Even academic work, such as Du Shizhi’s comments, which can’t be called "the statement of becoming a family", has been engaged in Sri Lanka for a lifetime. Huang Xi, a poet of the Song Dynasty, paid attention to Du until his death, and his son, Huang He, succeeded him. Qian Qianyi and Zhu Heling, two people in the Qing Dynasty, wrote Du Fu, combining first and then parting. The whole process lasted for more than 20 years. Qian Zhu was only published in Fu Zi three years later, and Zhu Zhu Zhu was not published until he was 65 years old. How can such academic work be contaminated with selfish distractions aimed at utilitarianism?On the other hand, the writing attitude of modern people seems to be counterproductive. Some contemporary scholars regard learning as a tool to pursue fame and gain benefits. Due to the prevalence of so-called quantitative management in contemporary universities or academic institutions, the evaluation of professional titles only depends on the number of works and papers, and even more, bonuses are simply awarded according to the number of papers and the level of publications contained. Under the dual induction of nominal and real benefits, academic fraud emerges one after another and academic bubbles are rampant. Even if there is no evil act of plagiarism, it is inevitable that there will be bad habits of shoddy work. The purpose of such scholarship must be non-academic. But can such an academic be regarded as a real academic?

Comments on Selected Notes of Tang Poems

So, apart from the current academic situation, what is the purpose of our academic work from the academic point of view? Some people say that learning is for the sake of learning, which is certainly true for scholars themselves. Some excellent scholars have been engaged in learning all their lives out of their love for the research object, and some excellent academic achievements have been completed under the drive of strong interest. But as far as the whole academic community is concerned, does it exist or should it have a clear purpose? I think so, especially for our discipline of China ancient literature. As we all know, culture is the spiritual blood of a nation, and inheriting culture is an effective means to maintain the nation’s longevity. In the history of China, Confucius was an ancient scholar who made great contributions to the cultural heritage. He claimed that "saying without doing, believing in the ancient" meant inheriting the culture. Confucius engaged in the research on the collation of ancient books and records in the spirit of Wei Bian San Jue. The so-called "self-defense against Lu, and then music, righteousness and elegance are in their proper places" is the research and collation of the Book of Songs, which makes the Book of Songs clear and easy to read. This is the most precious academic tradition in the study of ancient literature in China. China’s ancient literature is the most important conceptual culture in Chinese traditional culture. It is not only the pinnacle of art, but also contains rich humanistic spirit and social value. It is not only the most vivid and vigorous core content in Chinese traditional culture, but also widely and profoundly affects other components of Chinese culture. China’s ancient literary classics are both beautiful literary works and profound life guides.It plays an indispensable role in cultivating sentiment and personality. In the great cause of inheriting excellent traditional culture and building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, China ancient literature undoubtedly should and may play an important role. However, due to the voluminous classics of ancient literature, most of which are elegant and profound, there are some difficulties in its popularization and dissemination in contemporary society. This puts forward very important and urgent tasks for scholars who are engaged in the study of China’s ancient literature: First, evaluate the value of ancient literary works from a modern standpoint, and select the most suitable classic works of contemporary China to introduce and popularize to the public. Secondly, the selected classics are strictly collated and discussed in theory, and then popularized to the public, providing popular reading materials about selected books, annotated books and reading guides. These two aspects are our bounden sacred duties, and they are also a vast world for us to do well. From this perspective, I admire Mr. Liu Xuekai from Anhui Normal University. Mr. Liu took the initiative to transfer from Peking University to Anshi Normal University, and has been quietly engaged in Tang poetry research in Wuhu town for decades since then. His works, such as Li Shangyin’s Collection of Poems, are profound and profound, and must be handed down from generation to generation. I also attach great importance to his anthology of Tang poetry, A Comment on Selected Notes of Tang Poetry, and wrote three comments for it: "The selection of items by Pi Sha Jian Jin, the extensive comments, and the unique understanding appreciation." Thanks to the adoption of the publishing house, they were printed on the back cover of each of the ten volumes of this book. For me, it’s a great honor!Limited by time, I will only talk about the selection and appreciation of this book. There are more than 650 famous poems of Tang poetry selected and commented, which is twice as many as that of 300 poems of Tang poetry. What’s more noteworthy is that the selection of this book is far more accurate than that of Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty. The rankings of its selected great poets are Du Fu, Li Bai, Li Shangyin, Wang Wei, Bai Juyi and Li He … It is not only eye-catching, but also reflects the reader-oriented concept of learning selection. This book has written an appreciation article for each poem, with profound analysis and beautiful words, and it is also free to speak freely about key works. For example, the appreciation of "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" is 8 pages long, and "Northern Expedition" is 9 pages long. I read the whole book carefully, and I think that Mr. Liu is a person who really understands poetry, and he is also a person who speaks poetry. This anthology of Tang poetry reflects the highest academic level of contemporary Tang poetry scholars, which has an immeasurable leading role for readers to understand Tang poetry.

Dear colleagues! Another theme of today’s meeting is the press conference of "Collection of Contemporary Chinese Academic Works" (ancient literature) by the Commercial Press. My "Zhu Xi’s Literature Research" is also fortunate to be listed in the series. Here, I would like to take Zhu Xi, the research object of my book, as an example to talk about my views on "what is academic". Zhu Xi is a monument in the history of China’s thoughts. No matter the height, depth or breadth of his thoughts, Zhu Xi’s achievements stand out among the Neo-Confucians in the Song Dynasty. In the whole history of China’s thought, Zhu Xi’s position is unparalleled, and the originality of his thought is enough to reflect the pre-Qin philosophers successively. Since 1982, I have been studying for a doctorate in China ancient literature under the guidance of Mr. Cheng Qianfan. I have a preliminary understanding of Zhu Xi’s academic achievements because the classics that Mr. Cheng designated to read include Biography of Poetry and Notes on Chu Ci compiled by Zhu Xi. I was surprised to find that this neo-Confucian, who has long been described by textbooks as despising and rejecting literature, is actually a master of literature. Therefore, when I selected the topic for my dissertation, Zhu Xi became the main target of my investigation, and finally, under the guidance of Mr. Cheng, I decided to take "Research on Zhu Xi’s Literary Thought" as the topic. It’s a pity that at that time, although I had heard that Mr. Qian Mu had just published a magnum opus "Zhu Zi’s New Learning Case" with more than 1000 pages in Taiwan Province, I couldn’t read the book at the moment, so I was forced to give up this topic. Time flies, and when I returned from giving lectures in Korea in 1997, I felt that the academic circles in other countries attached great importance to Zhu Xi’s studies, so I decided to start studying Zhu Xi again. It took two years to write a book "Zhu Xi Literature Research". The first edition of this book has been more than twenty years, and it is already out of print.Readers can’t buy it, so the Commercial Press came to contact me for reprint. To tell the truth, my understanding and evaluation of Zhu Xi has improved a little now, but after all, I am over 70 years old and have limited energy. It is beyond my power to revise and rewrite the contents of the book greatly. So I only correct some obvious mistakes in the book, and the whole framework and discussion remain the same. Academic progress with the times, now Zhu Xi’s academic achievements have been more realistic and accurate evaluation, and the bad atmosphere of wanton depreciation of Zhu Xi’s academic status has become a thing of the past. In most academic works, Zhu Xi is regarded as a great scholar with outstanding achievements in the history of China thought. But I think there is still room for further exploration of Zhu Xi’s significance. The research and thinking of Zhu Xi’s life has a remarkable feature, that is, only some of the most important topics are studied in depth, such as the discrimination of important concepts such as sex and reason; For other topics, it is not exhaustive to explore the background, but to open up the atmosphere and indicate the path. I don’t know how many innovative academic viewpoints are preserved in Zhuzi Genre. If you dig deeper, I don’t know how many articles and books you can write. The phrase "Han Yu’s poetry is simple" in Genre once guided me to write a paper on Han Yu’s poetic style. However, Zhu Xi only touched on a few words, thus leaving countless excellent topics for later studies. So, of course, there are unavoidable objective reasons, such as limited time, insufficient energy, even bumpy political path, restless mood, and so on. But at the same time, are there subjective reasons? I think there is,That is, Zhu Xi does not regard writing as the most important and urgent life responsibility, and does not regard writing as the main means to go down in history like other scholars. Zhu Xi is well-read, and his ancient prose writing was well-known at that time. In Qian Zhongshu’s view, his poems can be listed among the top ten poets in the Song Dynasty. The Collection of Zhu Wen’s Official Documents and Zhuzi’s Genre show that he is knowledgeable, observant and profound in thought, and he is fully capable of writing academic monographs of his own. However, Zhu Xi regards the collation and research of ancient books as his bounden duty. In this respect, Confucius is the highest model in Zhu Xi’s mind. Zhu Xi is a soul mate with Confucius in the aspect of "telling without doing". Zhu Xi’s greatest contribution to Confucianism is the Collection of Notes on Four Books and Sentences, which took him most of his life. In his own words, he has been paying attention to The Analects of Confucius and Mencius since he was 30 years old. Zhu Xi’s literary talent is extremely high, but he didn’t spend much time writing poetry and prose, nor did he write literary works such as poetry talks. Instead, he devoted his life to compiling Biography of Poetry and Notes on Chuci. In February of the sixth year of Qingyuan (1200), Zhu Xi, who was seriously ill, wrote a poem: "It was ten years ago when I looked back in the mirror. I’m sorry that I’m so thin, and I’ll pay for the rest of my life! " According to Cai Shen, a great foot of Zhu Men, until three days before Zhu Xi’s death, he "changed the chapter of University Sincerity" and "revised a paragraph of Chu Ci." The Notes on Four Books, Chapters and Sentences became the most popular Confucian reader in later generations.Biography of Poetry and Notes on Songs of the South have become important versions for later generations to read poetry and Sao, which is the greatest achievement of Zhu Xi’s academic career and his greatest contribution to inheriting culture. Zhu Xi is gone! I’m afraid it is difficult for contemporary academic circles to produce such great scholars, but Zhu Xi’s academic spirit should be our model. If a nation wants to prosper and live forever, it is the most feasible survival strategy to fear tradition and inherit culture, and the most effective means of communication is to study classics and carry forward ideas. Today, it is the spirit of the times to inherit traditional culture and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation. In particular, we should take Zhu Xi’s academic philosophy and dedication as the guide and make due contributions to popularizing classical masterpieces and promoting traditional culture.

A Study of Zhu Xi’s Literature, by Mo Lifeng, Commercial Press.

(This article is the author’s speech on January 6th, 2024 at the China Academic System with Characteristics and Ancient Literature Research Forum and the "Summary of Contemporary Chinese Academic Works" [Ancient Literature] conference. The conference was jointly organized by the College of Literature of Nanjing University, the Commercial Press, the Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanjing University, and the Collaborative Innovation Center of China Literature and East Asian Civilization of Nanjing University. It is also one of the series of activities celebrating the 110th anniversary of the College of Literature of Nanjing University. )

Original title: "Mo Lifeng | What is academic? What is academic? 》

Read the original text

This is the Three Gorges Water Control Project (UAV photo) under the setting sun shot in Yichang City, Hubei Province on July 9.

On July 10, 2023, the first unit of the Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. In the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Wang Gang)

This is the Three Gorges Water Control Project (UAV photo) under the setting sun shot in Yichang City, Hubei Province on July 9.

On July 10, 2023, the first unit of the Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. In the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Wang Gang)

This is the Three Gorges Water Control Project (UAV photo) under the setting sun shot in Yichang City, Hubei Province on July 9.

On July 10, 2023, the first unit of the Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. In the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Wang Gang)

This is the Three Gorges Water Control Project (UAV photo) under the setting sun shot in Yichang City, Hubei Province on July 9.

On July 10, 2023, the first unit of the Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. In the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Wang Gang)

On July 10th, the Yangtze Three Gorges Water Control Project and the right bank transmission line (photo of UAV) were taken in Yichang City, Hubei Province.

On July 10th, 2023, the first unit of Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. Over the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zheng Jiayu)

On July 10th, the Yangtze Three Gorges Water Control Project and the right bank transmission line (photo of UAV) were taken in Yichang City, Hubei Province.

On July 10th, 2023, the first unit of Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. Over the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zheng Jiayu)

On July 10th, the Yangtze Three Gorges Project and the transmission line on the left bank were photographed in Yichang City, Hubei Province.

On July 10th, 2023, the first unit of Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. Over the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zheng Jiayu)

The interior of the generator set on the left bank of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, which was shot in Yichang City, Hubei Province on July 10th.

On July 10th, 2023, the first unit of Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. Over the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zheng Jiayu)

On July 4th, the Three Gorges Water Control Project (photo of UAV) was shot in Yichang City, Hubei Province under the setting sun.

On July 10th, 2023, the first unit of Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. Over the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zheng Jiayu)