Core tip:

1. Xiaomi, which has not cooperated with any traditional mobile phone brand, has achieved the fastest growth, and the ecological chain strategy is the main reason, which is a unique solution for Xiaomi to expand the market power boundary.

2. Xiaomi’s ecological chain is an active strategy. It takes capital and values as a link, binds a large number of hardware suppliers and entrepreneurs, achieves scale effect, and enhances user stickiness, which is essentially different from the so-called ecological strategy of promoting "ecologicalization".

3. Xiaomi makes its controllable organizational boundary always coincide with the market boundary through the ecological chain, thus effectively achieving the purpose of eliminating competition, improving penetration and preventing entry, which is a very clever market power strategy.

　

Case Provision | Case Center of Entrepreneurial Dark Horse College

Author | Nine Records

　

04

Ecological chain:

The Resource Boundary of Xiaomi Market Power

In fact, among Internet people, Lei Jun is neither the first one to make a mobile phone, nor the last one, nor even the most famous or determined one.

In September 2015, 360 CEO Zhou Hongyi posted a message in a circle of friends, "… … I’ll fuck anyone who stops me from making a mobile phone … …” His remarks were aimed at his partner Coolpad. In December 2014, Qihoo 360 reached a strategic alliance with Coolpad to set up a joint venture company. Coolpad provided smart phone design, research and development, technology, manufacturing, supply chain management, quality control, marketing, after-sales service and other resources, and 360 provided security software, mobile application design and online marketing and promotion resources. But then Coolpad announced the cooperation and shareholding of LeTV, which triggered Zhou Hongyi’s warning.

According to media reports, as early as before the rise of Xiaomi, Zhou Hongyi had talked about cooperation with Huawei with the model of "selling mobile phones at low prices to gain users and Internet advertising distribution to gain benefits", but the cooperation failed. There is also Netease Ding Lei, who found his own shareholder Duan Yongping. As the founder of BBK, Duan Yongping also has a considerable say in vivo and OPPO, and then he didn’t talk it over.

There are several similar examples. In terms of "Internet thinking" and the number of users, Ding Lei and Zhou Hongyi may not be weaker than Lei Jun, but they would rather choose the form of cooperation with mobile phone brand manufacturers, because they know that the traditional ecological model of upstream suppliers and downstream agents is naturally beneficial to enterprises that have been in the industry for a long time. This "market barriers" is hard to break, so it is better to cooperate.

However, today, we can see that Xiaomi, which has not cooperated with any traditional mobile phone brand, is the fastest growing "Internet mobile phone". The difference in strategy is the main reason for the difference in results.Xiaomi adopts a power strategy based on value creation rather than a competitive strategy, which is the ecological chain strategy.

1. Converting capital into resources

To understand Xiaomi’s ecological chain strategy, we must first understand Xiaomi’s position in the market.

Even though a certain power base has been formed in the market through the export of values and fan base, Xiaomi is still at a natural disadvantage in key dependence and trading partnership.

One of the most realistic problems is the competition for upstream resources. Mobile phone hardware industry,There is an extremely complex supply chain system, and each mobile phone company often has hundreds of suppliers.Both start-ups, medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises are facing the challenge of supply chain, and some spare parts even need to be reserved one year in advance. Even with Apple’s power position, every generation of apples may have difficulties in supply in the first two months, and all "hunger marketing" is helpless.

In 2013, Xiaomi once launched a 10400mAh mobile power supply from 69 yuan, but it was out of stock for a long time, and the problem was in the industrial chain. According to media reports at that time, some small and medium-sized brand customers complained that Samsung shelved its plan to supply millet batteries at low prices. Since then, Xiaomi Note2 has also been postponed because it can’t get the most tight AMOLED screen. It is understood that after the decline of Xiaomi’s growth rate in 2015, due to the upstream supply chain manufacturers’ adjustment of the supply plan for Xiaomi to prevent risks, Xiaomi suffered a four-month shortage, indicating that Xiaomi in the supply chain still lacked strong power endorsement.

Another problem lies in the downstream user service link. As an Internet company, Xiaomi’s purpose is not only to sell mobile phones, but to retain users and maintain relationships with users through new retail channels to form long-term services. But if there are no more hardware products besides mobile phones, this business model is not established. Because buying a mobile phone is a very low-frequency behavior, there must be a higher-frequency transaction interaction between Internet companies and their users. In cmnet, software is generally downloaded free of charge, so we must rely on hardware to solve this dilemma.

An obvious problem is that more people are needed to make more kinds of products, but Xiaomi’s pursuit of concentration means keeping the company as small as possible and not doing too many things. If hundreds of hardware products are made, the management pressure and communication pressure are unimaginable.

Like other manufacturers, Xiaomi can also choose to cooperate, but cooperation will lead to the concession of Xiaomi’s product values, with the increase of intermediary agents and circulation links. Many cross-border Internet entrepreneurs have lost their power and lost themselves in cooperation.

Through the establishment of cognitive and relational boundaries, Xiaomi has been invincible in how to sell mobile phones, but it still needs to gather more strength to break the constraints of resources and become the master of the market.

Every entrepreneur has his own unique gift. Lei Jun’s gift is not only his enthusiasm for the Internet, but also his capital operation. He knows what capital wants, and he also has a letter of trust for capital. After 2013 and 2014, with the rise of "Double Innovation", thousands of new intelligent hardware entrepreneurs appeared in China, and they showed Lei Jun a new solution.

As a result, Xiaomi began to use capital to solve the problem. From 2013 to 2014, Xiaomi invested in 25 startups a year.

Xiaomi has two teams to face the cooperation of the ecological circle. One is the ecological circle fund within Xiaomi, which is led by co-founder Liu De. The second is Lei Jun’s Shunwei Fund. In addition, in June 2016, Xiaomi announced that the private bank "Sichuan Hope Bank" jointly sponsored by New Hope Group and other enterprises was officially approved by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. On September 1st, Xiaomi and China UnionPay officially released Xiaomi Pay. In May 2017, it reached a fund cooperation of 12 billion yuan with Changjiang Fund.

Different from the natural ecosystem around big companies, Xiaomi’s ecological chain is a market strategy. The traditional industry ecological chain is that manufacturing enterprises integrate upstream and downstream by means of procurement and distribution. The ecological chain of Xiaomi is to gather a group of startup companies through capital means to realize "group purchase" in the upstream and enrich the products of Xiaomi’s new retail channels in the downstream.

In November 2014, Xiaomi made a round of financing for air purifiers before the air purifier products were listed, with a valuation of 25 million US dollars. If in the traditional supply chain mode, Xiaomi can only get market power equivalent to his actual investment (millions of RMB); However, under the eco-chain model, the power resources obtained by this product are equivalent to those of a company with a valuation of $25 million. In this way, Xiaomi changed the expected capital investment into realistic resources.

This is an original new gameplay that binds products, capital and users together. It is precisely because of this innovation that Xiaomi has used thousands of people to do things that tens of thousands of people can do, and firmly held his own values and did not compromise with the old tradition.

In the animal world, small and weak animals always have to erect their feathers and expand their bodies in the face of a large number of hostile opponents, so as to scare off their opponents. The same is true for start-ups. If they shrink in a corner and are timid, they will definitely become the dish of their opponents.

The ecological chain is another key link in the construction of Xiaomi’s market power. Through the ecological chain, Xiaomi forms alliances with some start-ups by means of capital, and at the same time makes them no longer competitors.

If Apple’s success benefits from a complete ecological chain circled by its own IOS system, then Xiaomi’s ecological chain is an active strategy. It takes capital and values as a link to bind a large number of hardware suppliers and entrepreneurs. On the one hand, it achieves scale effect, on the other hand, it also enhances user stickiness, thus building Xiaomi’s resource-based power boundary.

2. "Xiaomi Ecology" is not "LeTV Ecology"

It is worth noting that Xiaomi’s ecological chain is a market strategy, which is essentially different from the "ecosystem" naturally formed around large enterprises. Xiaomi’s ecological chain is a product of intentional cultivation, not a decentralized network connection, but a core alliance strategy.

The concept of "ecosystem" comes from biology, which was introduced into the field of organizational theory by American sociologists in the 1970s, and formed the school of "organizational ecology". After the rise of the Internet, some scholars put forward the similarity between commercial ecosystem and biological ecosystem, and there are also various relationships among food chain, macro environment and competition. They named such an organizational form that is highly dependent on external cooperation and resource management as "Network Based Organizational Form", which is different from the traditional organizational form that is highly closed or highly dependent on market transactions and has clear boundaries, which is what we now call "ecological model" or ".

Ecology and platform are two concepts that are often confused, although they have many connections. Simply put, the platform strategy is to build a market, while the ecological strategy is to build a city. The core of platform strategy is to link bilateral relations to match transactions, while the core of eco-strategy is to create a closely linked multi-format system by constructing and managing extensive and multi-level cooperative relationships (long-term strategic cooperation agreements, investments, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions and other non-product transactional relationships).

If Xiaomi only buys products from various startups, or only lets enterprises sell products in Xiaomi channel, Xiaomi is the builder of the platform, but Xiaomi is doing "investment+incubation": enterprises in the ecological chain are independent companies. Xiaomi generally holds 20%-25% shares in eco-chain companies, jointly defining products, leading design, assisting in research and development, and endorsing the supply chain. Therefore, the ecological chain of millet has greater diversity and more complex symbiotic relationship.

In the business ecosystem, energy and nutrients mainly appear in the form of user flow. In the process of Alibaba’s development from a platform to an ecosystem, massive users have always been the core and solid foundation of its construction. Similarly, Tencent announced the implementation of the open strategy to build an ecosystem around WeChat, which obviously comes from hundreds of millions of highly sticky users of WeChat.

In addition, in the organizational ecosystem, the value chain assumes the role of food chain. In nature, the food chain is the core organizational logic, which determines the flow and transformation path of energy and nutrients. In Xiaomi ecological chain, the development and release of hidden value of user groups depends on the construction of value chain in the ecosystem.

Therefore,Xiaomi’s ecological chain is actually an extension of its own power boundary. As the core of the ecological chain, Xiaomi should provide a user base that can support the healthy development of the whole ecosystem and control the key links of the value chain/network, which is by no means possible for every enterprise.

In the domestic A-share market, one company once set off the ecological banner, that is LeTV.

Jia Yueting, chairman of LeTV, said: "Our competition with peers can no longer be measured by the gains and losses of a certain stage or point, but more depends on the connection and integration of all links in the ecological chain and the cross-border innovation and continuous subversion on this basis." An open letter to employees.

As a result, LeTV put forward an "eco-anti-"business model, established an all-encompassing ecosystem from sports programs to online car rides, and believed that mutual diversion among eco-enterprises would have great commercial value. For example, from the very beginning, Jia Yueting’s positioning of LeTV’s mobile phone was to attract users with video and become the entrance of LeTV’s ecological terminal, so LeTV’s mobile phone has been sold below the cost price. (April 2015, China Entrepreneur Magazine, "Don Quixote • Jia: The Lonely Journey of the Subverter.

Letv’s typical imagination of "ecological opposition" is: in the stadium scene, there is a moment when people have the strongest desire to buy — — When you see Messi kick the ball into the goal, then you will think, I’ll buy a pair of shoes like this!

Later we learned that it was a dream.

The out-of-control LeTV Ecology can only make a fuss about related party transactions, deferred income tax and equity distribution of subsidiaries, and hide losses.

However, LeTV’s failed attempt does not mean that the development prospect of Xiaomi Ecology is gloomy. Xiaomi’s ecological logic is much simpler and more effective: Xiaomi does not expect related transactions between eco-chain enterprises to bring income (LeTV’s case proves that this income is unreliable), but uses the eco-chain to improve the overall market efficiency.

Moreover, there is always a core in Xiaomi’s ecological chain — — Xiaomi mobile phone and Xiaomi brand values, which provide fast-growing resources and channels for other start-ups. Unlike the "loss-making" sales of LeTV’s mobile phone, Xiaomi’s mobile phone has always been making money, although it claims low gross profit margin.

In the early days of the rapid growth of Xiaomi’s mobile phone, some suppliers complained that Xiaomi’s "Internet thinking" was good, but it was predatory, which depressed the profit margin of supply chain enterprises. However, using the eco-chain strategy, as of the first quarter of 2018, Xiaomi has brought more than 210 eco-chain enterprises into its own track, further enhancing its power position in market negotiations, and also allowing suppliers who cooperate with Xiaomi to have more orders.

It can be said that Xiaomi effectively uses his power to eliminate the dissatisfaction of suppliers, and at the same time, it is further transmitting Xiaomi’s values — — There will be a large number of users coming with the price reduction, which is the reappearance of Xiaomi’s cognition of market power in the industrial chain relationship.

In December 2015, Lei Jun proposed that the ecological chain should be an independent brand. Three months later, "Mijia" was released.To some extent, Xiaomi’s "Mijia" ecological chain system can be regarded as the intelligent hardware version of the App Store.The App Store launched by Apple in 2008 is a successful example of a single enterprise establishing an ecosystem, which determines the acquisition form of applications and services in the era of mobile Internet.If the smart hardware in the future is also the first choice to enter the track of "Mijia", the growth space of Xiaomi will be limitless.

3. Under the rule of Xiaomi

For an ecosystem, win-win is the premise of growth. An ecological chain that can continuously share benefits for all participants is fundamentally sustainable.

Then, can everyone achieve a win-win situation in the Xiaomi ecological chain?

The answer is yes.

First of all, the ecological chain has changed the relationship between Xiaomi and other startups and reduced the future risks of Xiaomi.

In the early days, Xiaomi’s market power cognitive boundary of "high quality, high value and high cost performance" not only affected the big manufacturers it aimed at, but also affected the future of many entrepreneurial projects.

In 2014, at the peak of domestic intelligent hardware entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, investors and entrepreneurs often asked the same question, "If Xiaomi made your product, how would you respond?"

This antagonism leads to many situations of "cottage" millet. In a dialogue with senior government officials in 2015, Lei Jun also specifically mentioned the proliferation of counterfeit goods. Because of Xiaomi’s strong influence in the hearts of consumers, some startups in the south began to make Xiaomi’s mobile phones and accessories, which caused many problems. Xiaomi once asked the government to increase anti-counterfeiting efforts.

However, with the development of Xiaomi’s ecological chain, these voices have gradually weakened. If you can get Xiaomi’s investment and guidance, why bother to "cottage" it?

This reflects the power of Xiaomi ecological chain.

The future enemies of a company include not only those visible competitors, but also those startups that don’t know where they are. It is impossible to solve the problem simply by relying on competitive strategy. Xiaomi makes its controllable organizational boundary always coincide with the market boundary through the ecological chain, thus effectively achieving the purpose of eliminating competition, improving penetration and preventing entry, which is a very clever market power strategy.

Secondly, the ecological chain has effectively cultivated Xiaomi’s allies in values.

Liu De, the co-founder of Xiaomi in charge of the ecological chain, is a designer and once worked in the Whampoa Military Academy of China Industrial Designers — — University of Science and Technology Beijing is the head of the Department of Industrial Design, and he leads the team in charge of the design of Xiaomi mobile phone.

Liu De divides Xiaomi’s ecological chain into three layers: the innermost layer is the basic hardware such as mobile phone and TV, which is closed and Xiaomi can only do it himself; The second layer is the product directly related to it — — Headphones, charging treasures, bracelets, and IOT devices such as rice cookers, electric kettles, and smart desk lamps are semi-open; The outermost layer is household consumables, such as rice related to rice cookers, filter elements related to purifiers, etc. Xiaomi does not do it himself. The products of the first two floors are also part of Xiaomi’s new retail channel, which can sell the products of the third floor. For example, you can place an order to buy filter elements on the APP page of Xiaomi air purifier.

Xiaomi requires every product to be explosive, and Liu De’s team will personally participate in the design of eco-chain products, and use Xiaomi’s rapid penetration of the market to help these products quickly occupy the market.

In addition to the support of capital and supply chain, Xiaomi will also pass on some explosive methodologies, such as how to simplify the design of a product, reduce costs and meet 80% of the needs of 80% users. When mi band was launched that year, Xiaomi asked the manufacturer Huami Technology to focus on two things — — Reduce power consumption, increase viscosity and improve design. When smart wearable devices cost thousands of dollars in foreign countries, Huami Technology launched the first generation mi band in 79 yuan, which quickly became popular.

The well-known self-media curiosity daily has analyzed the reasons for the success of Huami Technology. They found that in terms of sales expense ratio, relying on Xiaomi’s channel and word-of-mouth marketing, the sales expense of Huami accounted for less than 2% of revenue for a long time, while its peer benchmarking manufacturer Fitbit was nearly 25%. With the help of Xiaomi ecological chain, its procurement cost is also nearly 50% lower than Fitbit.

In order to support the cost of sales, Fitbit’s gross profit margin has been maintained at around 40%. However, the gross profit margin of Huami was only 12.3% and the net profit margin was -4.2% when it produced the first generation of mi band, so it was able to create explosions and cultivate users at a very low price. After the launch of Xiaomi’s second-generation bracelet in mid-2016, the price was raised from 79 yuan to 149 yuan, and the net profit rate of Huami Technology became positive. Therefore, in just three years, the strength of Huami, after being a large-scale brand, has undergone a major reversal compared with Fitbit: the net interest rate of Huami has risen to 8.15%; After 2015, Fitbit’s revenue continued to decline and it fell into a loss.

Of course, there are also some eco-chain enterprises that don’t like to survive in this system. Because the Xiaomi ecological chain emphasizes cost performance, both Lei Jun and others in the company like to say, "The biggest disadvantage of this product is that it is too cheap!" It is difficult for these enterprises to obtain higher gross profit within the Xiaomi ecological chain.

In this respect, Xiaomi is also different from Wal-Mart. The ecological chain is an open platform, which only participates in the incubation of start-ups from 0 to 1, and the later development is not limited. Entrepreneurs can make their own brands outside the ecological chain, and it doesn’t matter if they don’t even accept Xiaomi’s investment. Xiaomi is not so much a channel provider as a product gathering place with common values.

With the help of ecological chain, Xiaomi has effectively constructed the resource boundary of its own market power, so its market position is more stable.

05

Replay

The previous article is magnificently about 20,000 words, but it is actually just studying a problem:What is the reason why Xiaomi can succeed in the market?

Around this problem, we have two findings:

First of all, we find that power strategy, not competition strategy, is leading the growth of Xiaomi.

As mentioned above, the growth of Xiaomi is a textbook case of market expansion. As a start-up, they have established a set of.Market power system in the name of "Xiaomi mode": establish the brand identity in the era of mobile internet with cost performance and explosion rate, and use this to push back the improvement of organizational efficiency and establish the cognitive boundary of power; Turn customers into "fans" and let them participate in the design and promotion of products, so as to form the relationship boundary of enterprise market power; Build an ecological chain by means of venture capital, share the risk of market demand with small hardware startups, accelerate their growth and expand the resource boundary of enterprise market power.

It is this innovative system that distinguishes Xiaomi from many mobile phone manufacturers, builds and cultivates its own exclusive market, and grows step by step in the environment surrounded by wolves, dancing with the wind and soaring to the top.

From the beginning to the end, Xiaomi’s market decision is to occupy the market "mainly with me". We have not found that Xiaomi has taken the initiative to make competitive efforts to find the gap of opponents or build barriers to prevent opponents from attacking. But because of this, they always hold the initiative of the market.

In the dark horse college of entrepreneurship, according to the mental model, entrepreneurs are divided into two categories: heaven school and earth school. Xiaomi can be said to be a typical Tianpai company. Huawei and ZTE have been communication enterprises for 20 years, and Lenovo, OPPO, vivo and other companies also have rich experience in manufacturing and selling consumer electronic products, all of which are naturally grown in this industry. But Xiaomi is not, Xiaomi is a real heterogeneous — — It is more like the spokesperson of the future Internet product model in today’s social ecology — — If you believe Lei Jun’s prediction.

Generally speaking, Tianpai startups succeed in the market, or they seize the opportunity of social change and create a new industry, such as Ali; Either have some independent innovative technologies and find ways to realize them, such as Baidu. Because it is difficult to break through the bottleneck of resources and relationships, Tianpai startups are generally afraid of fighting with incumbent enterprises in the traditional business environment. But Xiaomi is different. It brings the idea of Tianpai entrepreneurs to the world of local giants and proves itself in the market struggle.

Xiaomi’s method of winning the struggle, specifically, Xiaomi’s method of building its own power in the market through values, rice flour and ecological chain, is more practical for today’s entrepreneurs. Because the opportunities of using innovative tools to change the world in the initial stage of the Internet have become less and less, entrepreneurs are now facing more situations, how to take root in an industry and do their best to create a new and successful company. Xiaomi is an example in this respect.

Secondly, we believe that Xiaomi’s achievements also challenge the traditional company value evaluation system.

In 1970, Milton Friedman, an economist, published a famous article in The new york Times Magazine: Corporate social responsibility is to improve profits. This creed, together with the hypothesis of "rational man" in economics, supports the continuous improvement of corporate profits and the legalization of personal income of shareholders and executives.

However, Drucker, a master of management, does not agree with this view. In his view, profit is the result and should not be the purpose of management. It is the reward given to the owner by the enterprise for its continuous operation, but the purpose of the enterprise must exist in the society.

Xiaomi is such a Drucker-style enterprise instead of Friedman-style enterprise. It is a dream enterprise, not a profit machine, but a startup company that wants to create value for society.

In Xiaomi’s business model, user reputation is the origin, cost performance is the engine, and social media is the accelerator. Everything Xiaomi does is to provide products that are "touching and affordable", and he believes that actively reducing the gross profit margin of hardware will eventually bring the desired business value.

According to traditional business ethics, all enterprises will try their best to avoid the situation of zero gross profit, because that means that your company has no barriers in the market.

But Xiaomi did the opposite. It took the initiative to reduce the gross profit, which was consistent with the words of Amazon founder Bezos:"A large company with low gross profit that can survive is itself the biggest moat."However, it is a big challenge to traditional business values.

Why should an enterprise exist? This involves the fundamental definition of enterprise and even entrepreneur value. The expectations of shareholders are different from the interests of enterprises, and the goal of investors is only to make money.

Interestingly, when Xiaomi went public, most media in China, even a large number of self-media, always unconsciously worried about investors.Look at the value of millet simply from the perspective of making money.People ask Lei Jun again and again, where is the moat, where is the revenue growth point and where is the profit? butFew people study the value of millet from the perspective of society and market. However, few people in the media are real investors in Xiaomi.

In our opinion, the value of Xiaomi lies in the value it creates for users. Xiaomi can become Xiaomi because it is a real market revolutionary and a great entrepreneurial experiment that is still going on.

Moreover, the traditional evaluation system can not reflect the possible changes in the future and the value of entrepreneurs’ personal factors to the company.

On the road to Xiaomi’s success, there are huge contingency factors: if Xiaomi didn’t just catch up with the tide of "double innovation" and loose capital environment in the first four years and rush to the "stratosphere" with the fastest speed, would it be able to survive the twists and turns in 2015-2016? If Lei Jun hadn’t happened to be the president and angel investor of Jinshan, could Xiaomi have won the unthinking support of so many netizens and business partners at first, thus enjoying loyalty and reputation? These questions are hard to answer.

But if we look at it from another angle, it is precisely because the founder of Xiaomi is Lei Jun that it can have these accidental opportunities. Lei Jun’s upward motivation, adherence to Xiaomi’s values, familiarity with the method of "lean entrepreneurship" and his resources, contacts and personality are the necessary conditions for all future opportunities of Xiaomi.

In fact, it is precisely the combination of the founder’s personal characteristics and the entrepreneurial methodology based on uncertainty that makes the startup explode with great energy. Wu Xiaobo, a media person who spent $200,000 to buy Xiaomi shares, said, "Lei Jun himself is the biggest premium of Xiaomi".

For an ongoing change, people always overestimate the change it will cause in the next year, but underestimate its long-term impact.

Looking back now, as Lei Jun said in an open letter on the eve of listing: "In the past eight years, the cottage in China has been completely eliminated; China’s smart phones and smart hardware are getting better and better in quality and cheaper in price, and they are rising strongly in the world … … Xiaomi has also become the fourth largest smartphone manufacturer in the world, changing more than 100 industries through eco-chain products. "

Isn’t it an extraordinary market achievement for a startup company to grow from zero to the fourth place in the world in eight years in a long-standing mainstream battlefield?

It should be noted that this paper only studies Xiaomi as a startup company. When a company gets bigger and bigger, especially after listing, it is likely that some decisions that helped it succeed will no longer apply. According to the case center of Entrepreneurship Dark Horse College, in the future market, Xiaomi still faces at least four main risks:

1) Risk of explosives.Xiaomi’s low gross profit strategy determines that each of their products must be explosive, and the cost should be diluted by explosive products, otherwise it will lose money. Take Xiaomi air purifier as an example, the mold opening cost is 10 million. If only 10,000 units are sold, the cost of each unit will increase by 1,000 yuan. Only after the sales volume can reach millions of units can this cost be reduced to a negligible level. This requires that every product of Xiaomi must be based on the needs of a large number of users, and a large number of people will buy it. However, the preferences of modern users can easily migrate with the head IP, and the demand for diversification is also increasing. The emergence of explosions is very accidental. Once a heavyweight product fails to become an explosive product, Xiaomi may fall into huge financial risks.

2) Fan risk.Xiaomi should become both a popular company and a fan culture company. The contradiction here is, is the growth of fans sustainable? Every company can maintain a limited number of fans. If the number of fans stops growing, the growth space of Xiaomi’s subsequent Internet services and intelligent hardware products will be greatly tested, and Xiaomi will lose its difference from other mobile phone manufacturers. No matter from the perspective of future development or current market, Xiaomi needs new means to interact with users and complete new traffic conversion.

3) Main channel risk.Xiaomi’s ecological chain is a big stove, and Xiaomi’s own brand is a heat source. With waste heat, the surrounding intelligent hardware can be made. But the outside world defines an enterprise, or more from its main channel. Especially in the capital market, I prefer "Friedman-style" enterprises, and it is difficult to understand the ecological practices of startups. Letv’s case is not to be discussed. Since 2014, Haier has launched a "micro-model" to build an entrepreneurial ecosystem and achieved good results. From the beginning of 2014 to the present, Haier’s revenue has doubled, its profit has increased by 70%, and its share price has doubled. However, in the same period, Gree focused on its main business, its revenue didn’t change much, its profit doubled, but its stock price quadrupled. Therefore, no matter how great achievements Xiaomi’s ecological chain has made, the valuation of Xiaomi may be defined more according to its position in the main channel in the capital market.

4) Technical risks.Every startup company will enter the "new normal" of slow growth sooner or later after experiencing a high-speed growth period. At that time, companies without the accumulation of key core technologies cannot have stable market power. The next development of Xiaomi needs to get more source innovations from the outside to the inside, including hard technology.

For a startup, all success is temporary. The greater the achievements in the past, the greater the challenges in the future.

Today, the development of Xiaomi has changed from the company that wanted to "follow the trend" and take a ride on the mobile Internet to the standard-bearer who promoted the concept of "touching people’s hearts and being kind in price". But as of 2017, Xiaomi’s share in the global mobile phone market is still only 6.4%. This shows that changing people’s inherent cognition is the most difficult thing in the world. Even if you are sincerely starting from users, you will not let all users become your fans. This is also the fate of most reformers in history — — There were countless people who wanted to change the world, and eventually they became a supplement to the diversity of the original world.

Today, the mobile Internet has become much more complicated than what Xiaomi imagined when he was born. In the early days of Internet application, companies that master Internet tools in advance may be able to dig the "first bucket of gold" more easily, but in the future, all companies will be Internet companies.

As time goes by, everything that God has given a person will be gradually taken back, talent and identity will lose their aura, fans will get old, fashion trends will change, and all that can be left is what they have fought for at the moment.

Lei Jun said: Kind people will not be too bad luck. We wish Lei Jun good luck! Xiaomi, good luck!

[References]】

[1] Professor Catherine &bull of Stanford University; M• Eisenhardt, Market Construction and Boundary Shaping: Entrepreneurial Power in the nascent market (translated by Yu Ming, Guanghua, Peking University).

[2] Xu Xiaoping, a teacher of Zhenge Fund, talked about Entrepreneurship several times.

[3] Luo Xiaoqu, Ph.D. of Stanford University and former chief strategy officer of the dark horse of entrepreneurship, has made relevant research results on "entrepreneurship ecology".

[4] Notes of Xiaomi, Li Wanqiang, Hong Feng, Gao Ziguang and other partners and executives in the dark horse college of entrepreneurship.

[5] Xiaomi’s internal marketing manual "Sense of Participation" and experience collection "Notes on Xiaomi’s Ecological Chain Battlefield".

[6] Caitlin • Muff, Thomas • Dilik et al., Management Education for the Benefit of the World.

[7] Zhou Hang, Shunwei Capital; Feng Weidong, Tiantu Capital; Dai Saiying, founder of three dads; Liu Jianhong, Peng Gang, former senior executives of LeTV; etc. in the dark horse college of entrepreneurship.

[8] Major media reported publicly.

[For more reading, see Article 12.】

Values, Rice Flour and Ecological Chain: Xiaomi’s Market Power Game (I)

Values, Rice Flour and Ecological Chain: Xiaomi’s Market Power Game (Ⅱ)

　

　　The Secretariat elected by the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China is composed of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi, and people call it the "Five Secretaries".

　　With the magnificent and glorious history of 95 years, the central organization of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has been adjusted and gradually improved from scratch, forming a party central organization with reasonable structure, complete setup and smooth operation. The central organization is the central organization of the party and the organizational core of the whole party. According to the current regulations of party constitution, the central organization of the Party includes the National Congress of the Party, the Central Committee and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection elected by it; The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee elected by the plenary session of the Central Committee; The Central Military Commission (CMC) decided by the Central Committee and the Central Secretariat nominated by Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and adopted by the plenary session of the Central Committee. It can be said that the evolution history of the party’s central organization is a condensed history of the party. This paper focuses on the historical evolution of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, its Standing Committee, the Central Secretariat and the Central Military Commission (CMC).

　　The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee and Central Secretariat.

　　The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee are important parts of the Party’s central organization and leading bodies that faithfully implement the line, principles and policies adopted by the Party’s National Congress and the resolutions of the plenary session of the Central Committee.

　　The Secretariat of the Central Committee is the office of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee and an important organization of the CPC Central Committee.

　　The first congress of the party

　　Set the C.O. as the temporary central leading body.

　　A major decision of the Party is not to set up the Central Executive Committee for the time being, but to set up the Central Bureau as the temporary leading body of the Central Committee, with secretaries and members. In November, 1921, in the name of the secretary of the C.O., the the Communist Party of China (CPC) C.O. Notice was issued to party organizations all over the country. This is the first document issued after the establishment of the central leading body. In 1922, for the first time, the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China made more specific and clear provisions on the principles and policies of the Party’s organizational construction. Based on party constitution, the second Central Executive Committee of communist party, China, was elected as the leading body of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with its chairman. In 1923, the leading body of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was the third executive committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). According to the provisions of the three major party constitution, the Central Executive Committee has a standing body, namely, the Central Bureau and the Central Commissioner. The Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China adopted the Organic Law of the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which made specific provisions on the central organization, division of responsibilities and work system of the Party for the first time.

　　The Fifth Congress of the Party

　　The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee were formally established.

　　In November, 1924, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Political Bureau for the first time, consisting of Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen and Vygotsky. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau were formally established at the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee is the highest decision-making organ of the whole Party, and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau is responsible for handling daily affairs. For the first time, the party’s decision-making organ and the organ responsible for daily work are divided into two institutions. This is a great contribution to the leadership system of the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Since then, in the evolution of the party’s central organization, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee has always existed in the sequence of central leading bodies, and his functions and status have not changed.

　　The Party’s Sixth party constitution stipulates that the Central Committee and the Political Bureau "elect the Standing Committee to carry out their daily work". The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee were elected at the First Plenary Session of the Sixth CPC Central Committee.

　　The Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth CPC Central Committee

　　First establishment of the Central Secretariat

　　In January 1934, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee was re-elected at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Party, and the Central Secretariat was established at the same time. It is generally believed that the Secretariat of the Central Committee at that time was actually Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee. From September to November, 1938, after the Sixth Plenary Session of the enlarged Sixth Central Committee of the Party, The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) was officially replaced by the Central Secretariat. The Seventh National Congress of party constitution continued this institutional arrangement, stipulating that the Political Bureau of the Central Committee is the central guiding organ of the Party to guide all the work of the Party. The Secretariat of the Central Committee handles the daily work of the Central Committee under the the Political Bureau of the Central Committee Resolution. As a result, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau was not elected at the Seventh National Congress. This system was used until the Eighth National Congress of the Party in 1956.

　　The Secretariat elected by the Seventh National Congress is composed of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi. People call it the "Five Secretaries", which forms the first generation of the central leading collective of the Party and plays an important role in the history of the Party.

　　Party’s Eighth National Congress

　　Resume the establishment of the Politburo Standing Committee

　　The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China adjusted the central organization of the Party and resumed the establishment of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau. The Eighth National Congress of party constitution stipulates: "The plenary session of the Central Committee of the Party elects the Standing Committees of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Central Secretariat", "the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee exercise the functions and powers of the Central Committee when the plenary session of the Central Committee is not in session" and "The Central Secretariat is under the leadership of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee to handle the daily work of the Central Committee". The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China elected a new central leading body.

　　After the "Cultural Revolution" began, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, its Standing Committee and Secretariat were severely impacted. After the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Political Bureau and its Standing Committee were restored to their original positions. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the position and role of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee as central leading bodies have not changed.

　　The Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party

　　Restore the establishment of the Central Secretariat

　　The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China determined the basic framework of the central leadership system, which had an important impact on the establishment of the central leadership system later. After the "Cultural Revolution", the Secretariat of the Central Committee stopped working, and it was not established at the 9th to 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

　　In February 1980, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the Resolution on the Establishment of the Central Secretariat, and resumed the establishment of the Central Secretariat as a regular working body under the leadership of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee. Members are directly elected by the Central Committee. The Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again wrote the establishment of the Central Secretariat into party constitution, followed the provisions of the resolution of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and defined the establishment, production mode and functions of the Central Secretariat. The party constitution Amendment to the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made appropriate amendments to the provisions on the establishment of the Central Secretariat. Since then, the provisions of the Central Secretariat have not changed.

　　the Central Military Commission (CMC)

　　The Central Military Commission (CMC) is the highest military leading organ of the Party, referred to as the Central Military Commission. It has experienced a complicated evolution and development process.

　　The Ministry of Military Affairs was established in 1925.

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Military Ministry in 1925, the Central Military Commission in 1926, and the Military (Military) Ministry after the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In January 1931, according to the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee’s decision, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Soviet was established in the Central Revolutionary Base. In November of the same year, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Soviet Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Central Revolutionary Military Commission) was established in the central revolutionary base area, which was the military leading body of the interim central government of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and chinese soviet republic.

　　The Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China established a military commission.

　　In August 1937, Luochuan Conference decided to form the Central Revolutionary Military Commission headed by Mao Zedong. The Seventh party constitution Congress of the Communist Party of China stipulated that the Central Committee should set up a military commission. On August 23rd, 1945, the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decided to form the new the Central Military Commission (CMC). In November 1948, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that the Central Military Commission should use the name of "China People’s Revolutionary Military Commission" when issuing orders to the public.

　　In 1959, the Central Military Commission set up a standing committee member.

　　In October 1949, the People’s Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People’s Government was established, and in September 1954, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee decided to re-establish CPC Central Military Commission. Since September 1959, the Central Military Commission has set up a standing committee until the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

　　In 1983, the State Central Military Commission was established.

　　Since June 1983, People’s Republic of China (PRC) the Central Military Commission (CMC) has been established according to the Constitution. The Central Military Commission of the Party and the Central Military Commission of the State are actually an institution, and their members and leadership functions are completely consistent. This leadership system with China characteristics ensures that the army is always under the absolute leadership of the Party.

　　Written by: Zhang Dongming Visual Coordinator: Zhang Fangman

　　On September 19th, the reporter learned from the epidemic prevention and control headquarters of novel coronavirus, Sanya City, Hainan Province that according to the current needs of epidemic prevention and control work in Sanya City, according to the relevant provisions of the novel coronavirus Prevention and Control Plan (Ninth Edition), a comprehensive group of joint prevention and control mechanisms for novel coronavirus epidemic in the State Council, after the expert group judged, the epidemic prevention and control headquarters of Sanya City decided to adjust the areas such as Buildings 79, 81 and 83 of Yefeng Lane in Hongqi Street Community to low-risk areas. Since the announcement was issued, the high-risk areas have been adjusted to 2. Areas other than high and medium risk areas are low risk areas.

　　Take sealing and control measures for high-risk areas: stay indoors and provide on-site service. There were no new infections in the area for 7 consecutive days, and all the people in the risk area were negative after completing a round of nucleic acid screening on the 7 th day, which was reduced to a medium risk area; For three consecutive days, no new infections were reduced to a low-risk area.

　　Take control measures for the medium-risk area: time-sharing and orderly, current limiting in different areas, and taking things at different peaks. There were no new infections in the area for 7 consecutive days, and all the people in the risk area were negative after completing a round of nucleic acid screening on the 7 th day, which was reduced to a low-risk area.

　　If residents in high and medium risk areas encounter difficulties in living and seeking medical treatment, they can call the Sanya municipal government service hotline 12345.

　　(Reporter Ma Li, General Desk)

Original Mo Lifeng Zhonghua Reading Newspaper

Nanjing University is the host of today’s meeting. I am the oldest in this academic team. The discipline of ancient literature has a tradition of respecting the elderly. Vice President Tong Ling asked me to make a speech. I have always been afraid to talk about macro issues. When I read the topic of the conference, I felt a little weak. Looking at the list of delegates, I am even more uneasy about those who are always afraid. So I want to take this opportunity to put forward my confusion and ask you questions, that is, "what is academics" and "what is academics".

Mo Lifeng spoke at the meeting.

What is academic? I used to be a member of the academic committee of Nanjing University for two times, and now I am also a member of the academic committee of China Ancient Literature Research Center of Fudan University and China Poetics Research Center of Anhui Normal University. I should know what scholarship is. But as saint augustinus said in Confessions, "What is time? Nobody asked me, but I know. Someone asked me, and I wanted to explain it to him, but I was puzzled. " If you really want me to make it clear what is academic, I’m confused. Some people say that the word "academic" is an exotic product, which originated from the academy, a college where Plato gave lectures in ancient Greece. This statement is high and unrealistic, because in that case, it is bound to deny that China had its own academics in ancient times. There are more than ten meanings of the word "academic" in the Chinese Dictionary, among which three are learned, learned and theoretical, which are more in line with modern people’s cognition. The definition of Modern Chinese Dictionary is: systematic and specialized knowledge. However, to what extent is specialized or systematic knowledge called academic, and its boundary is still vague. And according to my contact with science scholars or social science scholars, their understanding of academics is quite different from ours. So we must limit the scope of discussion to humanities. But even so, everyone’s opinions are still divergent. Biographies of figures in the official history of dynasties divide scholars into three categories: scholars, scholars and Taoists. They seem to belong to different circles, and those who hold several positions are rare. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Cheng Yi thought that learning can be divided into the study of articles, the study of exegetics and the study of Confucian scholars. In the Qing Dynasty, Yao Nai further put forward: "The matter of learning in the world,There are three points: righteousness, writing and textual research, and the same trend cannot be abolished. Although "the same cannot be abolished", from the historical point of view, it seems that the most famous Ganjia school in the academic history of the Qing Dynasty is only good at "textual research", and Ganjia academic is thus called Pu Xue or Textual Research by later generations. As for "righteousness" and "article", even if they are not completely denied, they are shelved. This tendency has been extended to modern times, and the most important embodiment is the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica, represented by Hu Shi and Fu Sinian, who held the highest discourse power in the academic circles in the Republic of China. "Institute of Historical Languages" is the Institute of Historical Languages, and its name does not include literature. The study of articles mentioned by the ancients has been expressly excluded. Please note that our subject, namely, the subject of China ancient literature, is not academic in the evaluation criteria of "Institute of History and Language". Of course, this contempt for the study of ci and Zhang is not the original creation of the "Institute of History and Language", but a long-standing academic prejudice. The originality of "Institute of History and Language" is that they also take whether to adopt western academic methods as the standard, and Qian Mu, a famous scholar, is famous for his works. However, because he is a native scholar and unfamiliar with western learning, Fu Sinian is extremely contemptuous of him, claiming that he "never reads a word about Qian’s books", so that Qian Mu was not awarded "Academician of Academia Sinica" until his later years. After moving to Taiwan in 1949, "Shi Yu Institute" has lost its right to speak in mainland academic circles, but its influence still exists. Take a look at the evaluation criteria indicated in the "Examples" in the "Notes on Modern Learning Forests" published in 2010, just like the following one:"Emphasis on modern western academic training and background, not on China’s traditional academic orientation." The selected scholars in this book are all majoring in the study of China literature and history, and it is a prerequisite to "not pay attention to the academic orientation of China’s traditional standard"! In addition, there is an important selection criterion in Dianjianglu: "The practical work of positivism is emphasized, and the classical speculation of metaphysics is not emphasized." This excludes all the "principles and articles" mentioned by Yao Nai, leaving only the category of "textual research". Therefore, "Dianjianglu" openly stated that those "those with deep academic ability and many works but poor style" were excluded, among which Yu Pingbo, Gao Heng, Jiang Liangfu, wu shichang, Cheng Qianfan and others were publicly named, while You Guoen, Lin Geng, Pu Jiangqing, Ren Bantang and others were not named. These senior scholars are all Taishan Beidou in the eyes of my generation, but they regard it as nothing in their eyes. In addition, although Zhang Taiyan is listed in the frontispiece of this book, he is compared to classical literature, with the purpose of "keeping out of the list". As for Mr. Huang Jigang, Zhang Mengao, only a few negative comments are attached to Zhang Taiyan’s article. As a member of the research field of ancient literature, what is my attitude towards the above tendency? My attitude is to ignore it. Academics is the public instrument of the world, not the patent of a few people. Of course, they can put forward their standards, and we can stick to ours. Different ways, no common cause, no common goal, everyone can do their own thing. Therefore, it is best not to pursue a uniform standard for academic evaluation. Not only are liberal arts and science very different, but each branch of liberal arts also has its own characteristics.There is no uniform norm. I think the so-called academic community is best limited to a small academic category, so that everyone can have a common language. Otherwise, chickens and ducks can’t talk at all. As for the discipline of ancient literature in China, quite a few colleagues have been engaged in sorting out the academic history of this discipline in recent years. The works I have read include Guo Yingde’s History of Classical Literature Research in China, Zhao Minli’s History of Classical Literature Research in China in the 20th century and Huang Lin’s History of Ancient Literature Research in China in the 20th century. They comprehensively summed up the academic history or academic status quo of this discipline, which is what we should pay attention to.

Then, how can I answer the question of "what is scholarship" within the discipline of ancient literature in China? From the microscopic point of view of every scholar, I think academic research, especially literary research, must be as eclectic and varied as our research objects themselves. Therefore, as long as we are engaged in serious thinking and writing, it is worthy of recognition, and we must respect the academic personality of scholars. I am mainly engaged in the research of Tang and Song poetry, and my favorite achievement is my writings in this field. Moreover, I only look at the academic itself, regardless of the level of the platform where scholars are located, the size of all titles, or the support of project funds or the blessing of award-winning grades. For example, Beishan Yu and Zhou Benchun, two late predecessors of Huaiyin Teachers College, I think their works are excellent academic achievements. Yu Xiansheng’s major achievements are Three Kinds of Chronological Works of Beishan Yu, namely Lu You’s Chronology, Yang Wanli’s Chronology and Fan Chengda’s Chronology. The three books have been written and revised for 36 years, which is the crystallization of the hard work of Lao Zi. As for the academic value of the three books, the Publication Instructions written by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House made it clear: "Professor Beishan Yu changed the previous practice of purely objective records in compiling the chronicle, and integrated the chronicle and commentary into one. The key points were his own comments and analysis, which reflected the traces of academic progress." "Its huge space and detailed textual research are irreplaceable so far." This evaluation is very accurate and in place. I totally agree. Mr. Beishan Yu never received any support from any "project" or any level of reward before his death.This can’t be compared with some scholars who have numerous projects and won awards frequently, but it is the former that really promotes academic progress, not the latter. Mr. Zhou Benchun’s Reading Notes on Common Books is an unremarkable little book, but I often read it and recommended it to graduate students of Southern University, because Mr. Zhou is very practical in his scholarship. He learned from Gu Tinglin’s spirit of "collecting copper from the mountains" in the Japanese Records, and compared the information one by one, distinguishing right from wrong, and put forward good opinions on almost every item.

Three Kinds of Beishan Yu’s Chronological Works

However, from the macro level of the whole academic circle, I think the discipline of ancient literature in China should have its commonness, that is, the overall goal and research focus. China’s ancient literature has a history of more than 3,000 years. Due to the rule that "one generation wins" in style, when a certain style of it reaches its peak in a certain era, its high achievements are hard to be surpassed by future generations, thus becoming a classic with permanent value and a permanent aesthetic object for future generations. And because China’s ancient literature embodies the basic spirit of Chinese culture and the cultural and psychological characteristics of the Chinese nation in a vivid and concrete way, its classic works are well-known and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, profoundly affecting the moral ideal and aesthetic purport of the Chinese nation, and playing an indispensable role in cultivating sentiment and personality. From The Book of Songs and Songs of the South to A Dream of Red Mansions and Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, China’s ancient literary classics are both beautiful literary works and profound life guides. In China’s literary history of more than 3,000 years, poetry is the most mature literary style. As early as the pre-Qin period, our ancestors put forward the idea of "expressing ambition through poetry", which became the pioneering program of China’s poetry. The main content of China’s ancient poems is to chant people’s real life and express their inner feelings in real life, which is fundamentally different from ancient western epics with the main content of praising gods. For this reason, in ancient China, "poetry expressing ambition" was not the patent of a few poets, but a common way for the whole nation to write their hearts. "Poetry expresses ambition"It is not a sudden inspiration in accidental situations, but a lyric channel in all life situations. Since the pre-Qin era, poetry writing has become a universal cultural activity. "Climbing to the top can make you a doctor" means that the upper class of society takes poetry as an essential skill. The legendary system of "collecting poems" and "offering poems" reflects the creative situation of the lower class. The Book of Songs and Songs of the South marked the precocity of China’s poetry with unparalleled aesthetic standards, and became the earliest embodiment of the poetic characteristics of Chinese culture. After the Han Dynasty, China’s poetry has been continuously developed from form, content and style for more than two thousand years. Excellent poets are like stars, and their famous chapters and sentences are beautiful. Chinese culture endows poetry with incomparably powerful functions and becomes a cultural form deeply rooted in people’s hearts. In the history of China, there are many people with lofty ideals whose life sparks add luster to Chinese culture. When future generations cherish the memory of these glorious figures, poetry often becomes the most dazzling bright spot. Qu Yuan, who wanders in the river and lake, and Du Fu, who won eternal life in the hearts of China people with their magnificent poems. Wen Tianxiang’s personality spirit of sacrificing one’s life for righteousness is condensed in two poems: "Who has never died in life since ancient times, and who has left his heart to shine on the history", and Lin Zexu’s selfless enthusiasm for serving the country is condensed in two poems: "If you are selfish, your country will live and die, why should you avoid it because of misfortune?" It can be said that no other ancient classics can more succinctly and vividly express the passion of people with lofty ideals, and no other ancient classics can make a deeper impression on the hearts of future generations. The above content should be the primary object of academic research in this discipline.

Let’s talk about the second question. What is academic? In a word, it should be to seek the truth. As small as the writing age of a work or the true meaning of a poem, as large as the cause of a literary fashion or the formation process of a literary group, the research goal of scholars is to pursue as accurate an answer as possible. There is no doubt that true scholarship will inevitably exclude any utilitarian purpose. Chinese ancestors listed "making a statement" and "establishing morality" and "making meritorious deeds" as immortal undertakings in life, and writing academic works is obviously the most important means of making a statement. Since it is so important, how can we treat it lightly? Therefore, when the ancients were engaged in writing, they worked hard and bowed to the utmost. Sima Qian’s Historical Records not only abides by his father’s legacy, but also consciously inherits the cultural tradition of Confucius’ Spring and Autumn Annals. "If you regret it, you will be punished to death." Every time I read Sima Qian’s "Letter to Ren Shaoqing", "The servant has written this book sincerely, and the famous mountain is well-known in the city, so he has to pay for the humiliation before. Although he has been slaughtered, is there any regret?" In front of me, there will be a figure of Taishigong writing at his desk in the candlelight, and every word that flows out of his pen is "writing with blood." Even academic work, such as Du Shizhi’s comments, which can’t be called "the statement of becoming a family", has been engaged in Sri Lanka for a lifetime. Huang Xi, a poet of the Song Dynasty, paid attention to Du until his death, and his son, Huang He, succeeded him. Qian Qianyi and Zhu Heling, two people in the Qing Dynasty, wrote Du Fu, combining first and then parting. The whole process lasted for more than 20 years. Qian Zhu was only published in Fu Zi three years later, and Zhu Zhu Zhu was not published until he was 65 years old. How can such academic work be contaminated with selfish distractions aimed at utilitarianism?On the other hand, the writing attitude of modern people seems to be counterproductive. Some contemporary scholars regard learning as a tool to pursue fame and gain benefits. Due to the prevalence of so-called quantitative management in contemporary universities or academic institutions, the evaluation of professional titles only depends on the number of works and papers, and even more, bonuses are simply awarded according to the number of papers and the level of publications contained. Under the dual induction of nominal and real benefits, academic fraud emerges one after another and academic bubbles are rampant. Even if there is no evil act of plagiarism, it is inevitable that there will be bad habits of shoddy work. The purpose of such scholarship must be non-academic. But can such an academic be regarded as a real academic?

Comments on Selected Notes of Tang Poems

So, apart from the current academic situation, what is the purpose of our academic work from the academic point of view? Some people say that learning is for the sake of learning, which is certainly true for scholars themselves. Some excellent scholars have been engaged in learning all their lives out of their love for the research object, and some excellent academic achievements have been completed under the drive of strong interest. But as far as the whole academic community is concerned, does it exist or should it have a clear purpose? I think so, especially for our discipline of China ancient literature. As we all know, culture is the spiritual blood of a nation, and inheriting culture is an effective means to maintain the nation’s longevity. In the history of China, Confucius was an ancient scholar who made great contributions to the cultural heritage. He claimed that "saying without doing, believing in the ancient" meant inheriting the culture. Confucius engaged in the research on the collation of ancient books and records in the spirit of Wei Bian San Jue. The so-called "self-defense against Lu, and then music, righteousness and elegance are in their proper places" is the research and collation of the Book of Songs, which makes the Book of Songs clear and easy to read. This is the most precious academic tradition in the study of ancient literature in China. China’s ancient literature is the most important conceptual culture in Chinese traditional culture. It is not only the pinnacle of art, but also contains rich humanistic spirit and social value. It is not only the most vivid and vigorous core content in Chinese traditional culture, but also widely and profoundly affects other components of Chinese culture. China’s ancient literary classics are both beautiful literary works and profound life guides.It plays an indispensable role in cultivating sentiment and personality. In the great cause of inheriting excellent traditional culture and building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, China ancient literature undoubtedly should and may play an important role. However, due to the voluminous classics of ancient literature, most of which are elegant and profound, there are some difficulties in its popularization and dissemination in contemporary society. This puts forward very important and urgent tasks for scholars who are engaged in the study of China’s ancient literature: First, evaluate the value of ancient literary works from a modern standpoint, and select the most suitable classic works of contemporary China to introduce and popularize to the public. Secondly, the selected classics are strictly collated and discussed in theory, and then popularized to the public, providing popular reading materials about selected books, annotated books and reading guides. These two aspects are our bounden sacred duties, and they are also a vast world for us to do well. From this perspective, I admire Mr. Liu Xuekai from Anhui Normal University. Mr. Liu took the initiative to transfer from Peking University to Anshi Normal University, and has been quietly engaged in Tang poetry research in Wuhu town for decades since then. His works, such as Li Shangyin’s Collection of Poems, are profound and profound, and must be handed down from generation to generation. I also attach great importance to his anthology of Tang poetry, A Comment on Selected Notes of Tang Poetry, and wrote three comments for it: "The selection of items by Pi Sha Jian Jin, the extensive comments, and the unique understanding appreciation." Thanks to the adoption of the publishing house, they were printed on the back cover of each of the ten volumes of this book. For me, it’s a great honor!Limited by time, I will only talk about the selection and appreciation of this book. There are more than 650 famous poems of Tang poetry selected and commented, which is twice as many as that of 300 poems of Tang poetry. What’s more noteworthy is that the selection of this book is far more accurate than that of Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty. The rankings of its selected great poets are Du Fu, Li Bai, Li Shangyin, Wang Wei, Bai Juyi and Li He … It is not only eye-catching, but also reflects the reader-oriented concept of learning selection. This book has written an appreciation article for each poem, with profound analysis and beautiful words, and it is also free to speak freely about key works. For example, the appreciation of "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" is 8 pages long, and "Northern Expedition" is 9 pages long. I read the whole book carefully, and I think that Mr. Liu is a person who really understands poetry, and he is also a person who speaks poetry. This anthology of Tang poetry reflects the highest academic level of contemporary Tang poetry scholars, which has an immeasurable leading role for readers to understand Tang poetry.

Dear colleagues! Another theme of today’s meeting is the press conference of "Collection of Contemporary Chinese Academic Works" (ancient literature) by the Commercial Press. My "Zhu Xi’s Literature Research" is also fortunate to be listed in the series. Here, I would like to take Zhu Xi, the research object of my book, as an example to talk about my views on "what is academic". Zhu Xi is a monument in the history of China’s thoughts. No matter the height, depth or breadth of his thoughts, Zhu Xi’s achievements stand out among the Neo-Confucians in the Song Dynasty. In the whole history of China’s thought, Zhu Xi’s position is unparalleled, and the originality of his thought is enough to reflect the pre-Qin philosophers successively. Since 1982, I have been studying for a doctorate in China ancient literature under the guidance of Mr. Cheng Qianfan. I have a preliminary understanding of Zhu Xi’s academic achievements because the classics that Mr. Cheng designated to read include Biography of Poetry and Notes on Chu Ci compiled by Zhu Xi. I was surprised to find that this neo-Confucian, who has long been described by textbooks as despising and rejecting literature, is actually a master of literature. Therefore, when I selected the topic for my dissertation, Zhu Xi became the main target of my investigation, and finally, under the guidance of Mr. Cheng, I decided to take "Research on Zhu Xi’s Literary Thought" as the topic. It’s a pity that at that time, although I had heard that Mr. Qian Mu had just published a magnum opus "Zhu Zi’s New Learning Case" with more than 1000 pages in Taiwan Province, I couldn’t read the book at the moment, so I was forced to give up this topic. Time flies, and when I returned from giving lectures in Korea in 1997, I felt that the academic circles in other countries attached great importance to Zhu Xi’s studies, so I decided to start studying Zhu Xi again. It took two years to write a book "Zhu Xi Literature Research". The first edition of this book has been more than twenty years, and it is already out of print.Readers can’t buy it, so the Commercial Press came to contact me for reprint. To tell the truth, my understanding and evaluation of Zhu Xi has improved a little now, but after all, I am over 70 years old and have limited energy. It is beyond my power to revise and rewrite the contents of the book greatly. So I only correct some obvious mistakes in the book, and the whole framework and discussion remain the same. Academic progress with the times, now Zhu Xi’s academic achievements have been more realistic and accurate evaluation, and the bad atmosphere of wanton depreciation of Zhu Xi’s academic status has become a thing of the past. In most academic works, Zhu Xi is regarded as a great scholar with outstanding achievements in the history of China thought. But I think there is still room for further exploration of Zhu Xi’s significance. The research and thinking of Zhu Xi’s life has a remarkable feature, that is, only some of the most important topics are studied in depth, such as the discrimination of important concepts such as sex and reason; For other topics, it is not exhaustive to explore the background, but to open up the atmosphere and indicate the path. I don’t know how many innovative academic viewpoints are preserved in Zhuzi Genre. If you dig deeper, I don’t know how many articles and books you can write. The phrase "Han Yu’s poetry is simple" in Genre once guided me to write a paper on Han Yu’s poetic style. However, Zhu Xi only touched on a few words, thus leaving countless excellent topics for later studies. So, of course, there are unavoidable objective reasons, such as limited time, insufficient energy, even bumpy political path, restless mood, and so on. But at the same time, are there subjective reasons? I think there is,That is, Zhu Xi does not regard writing as the most important and urgent life responsibility, and does not regard writing as the main means to go down in history like other scholars. Zhu Xi is well-read, and his ancient prose writing was well-known at that time. In Qian Zhongshu’s view, his poems can be listed among the top ten poets in the Song Dynasty. The Collection of Zhu Wen’s Official Documents and Zhuzi’s Genre show that he is knowledgeable, observant and profound in thought, and he is fully capable of writing academic monographs of his own. However, Zhu Xi regards the collation and research of ancient books as his bounden duty. In this respect, Confucius is the highest model in Zhu Xi’s mind. Zhu Xi is a soul mate with Confucius in the aspect of "telling without doing". Zhu Xi’s greatest contribution to Confucianism is the Collection of Notes on Four Books and Sentences, which took him most of his life. In his own words, he has been paying attention to The Analects of Confucius and Mencius since he was 30 years old. Zhu Xi’s literary talent is extremely high, but he didn’t spend much time writing poetry and prose, nor did he write literary works such as poetry talks. Instead, he devoted his life to compiling Biography of Poetry and Notes on Chuci. In February of the sixth year of Qingyuan (1200), Zhu Xi, who was seriously ill, wrote a poem: "It was ten years ago when I looked back in the mirror. I’m sorry that I’m so thin, and I’ll pay for the rest of my life! " According to Cai Shen, a great foot of Zhu Men, until three days before Zhu Xi’s death, he "changed the chapter of University Sincerity" and "revised a paragraph of Chu Ci." The Notes on Four Books, Chapters and Sentences became the most popular Confucian reader in later generations.Biography of Poetry and Notes on Songs of the South have become important versions for later generations to read poetry and Sao, which is the greatest achievement of Zhu Xi’s academic career and his greatest contribution to inheriting culture. Zhu Xi is gone! I’m afraid it is difficult for contemporary academic circles to produce such great scholars, but Zhu Xi’s academic spirit should be our model. If a nation wants to prosper and live forever, it is the most feasible survival strategy to fear tradition and inherit culture, and the most effective means of communication is to study classics and carry forward ideas. Today, it is the spirit of the times to inherit traditional culture and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation. In particular, we should take Zhu Xi’s academic philosophy and dedication as the guide and make due contributions to popularizing classical masterpieces and promoting traditional culture.

A Study of Zhu Xi’s Literature, by Mo Lifeng, Commercial Press.

(This article is the author’s speech on January 6th, 2024 at the China Academic System with Characteristics and Ancient Literature Research Forum and the "Summary of Contemporary Chinese Academic Works" [Ancient Literature] conference. The conference was jointly organized by the College of Literature of Nanjing University, the Commercial Press, the Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanjing University, and the Collaborative Innovation Center of China Literature and East Asian Civilization of Nanjing University. It is also one of the series of activities celebrating the 110th anniversary of the College of Literature of Nanjing University. )

Original title: "Mo Lifeng | What is academic? What is academic? 》

Read the original text

This is the Three Gorges Water Control Project (UAV photo) under the setting sun shot in Yichang City, Hubei Province on July 9.

On July 10, 2023, the first unit of the Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. In the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Wang Gang)

This is the Three Gorges Water Control Project (UAV photo) under the setting sun shot in Yichang City, Hubei Province on July 9.

On July 10, 2023, the first unit of the Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. In the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Wang Gang)

This is the Three Gorges Water Control Project (UAV photo) under the setting sun shot in Yichang City, Hubei Province on July 9.

On July 10, 2023, the first unit of the Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. In the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Wang Gang)

This is the Three Gorges Water Control Project (UAV photo) under the setting sun shot in Yichang City, Hubei Province on July 9.

On July 10, 2023, the first unit of the Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. In the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Wang Gang)

On July 10th, the Yangtze Three Gorges Water Control Project and the right bank transmission line (photo of UAV) were taken in Yichang City, Hubei Province.

On July 10th, 2023, the first unit of Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. Over the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zheng Jiayu)

On July 10th, the Yangtze Three Gorges Water Control Project and the right bank transmission line (photo of UAV) were taken in Yichang City, Hubei Province.

On July 10th, 2023, the first unit of Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. Over the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zheng Jiayu)

On July 10th, the Yangtze Three Gorges Project and the transmission line on the left bank were photographed in Yichang City, Hubei Province.

On July 10th, 2023, the first unit of Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. Over the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zheng Jiayu)

The interior of the generator set on the left bank of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, which was shot in Yichang City, Hubei Province on July 10th.

On July 10th, 2023, the first unit of Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. Over the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zheng Jiayu)

On July 4th, the Three Gorges Water Control Project (photo of UAV) was shot in Yichang City, Hubei Province under the setting sun.

On July 10th, 2023, the first unit of Three Gorges Power Station was put into operation for 20 years. Over the past 20 years, the Three Gorges Power Station has generated more than 1.6 trillion kWh of clean electricity. There are 34 hydro-generator sets installed in the Three Gorges Power Station, with a total installed capacity of 22.5 million kilowatts and an annual designed power generation capacity of 88.2 billion kWh. It is the backbone power supply point of China’s "West-to-East Power Transmission" and "North-South Mutual Power Supply", and the power is sent to East China, Central China, Guangdong and other places around the clock.

Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zheng Jiayu)

　　Zhongxin Finance, April 16 (Xinhua) Guangdong Zhanjiang Marine Police Bureau recently seized two suspected cigarette smuggling cases, seized two suspected ships on the spot, and seized about 45,000 suspected smuggled cigarettes, involving about 8.6 million yuan. At present, two cases are under further investigation.

　　At 8 o’clock in the morning of March 31, Zhanjiang Marine Police Bureau was informed by intelligence that a "Dafei" speedboat was found in the waters near Tongming Port in Mazhang District, suspected of smuggling. The bureau quickly cooperated with the Mazhang District Public Security Bureau of Zhanjiang City to carry out joint land and sea investigations. At 9 o’clock, the target ship was seized in the waters near Lingtou Island. The ship was equipped with five high-powered engines and loaded with a batch of cigarettes. The ship failed to provide relevant legal procedures and certificates for the cigarettes, and law enforcement officers seized the ship and the cigarettes on the spot according to law. After counting, there are 11 types of cigarettes, totaling more than 23,000, with a case value of about 4.5 million yuan.

　　At 9 o’clock in the morning of April 4, the bureau received a tip again: a suspected smuggling "Dafei" ran aground in the waters off Xiagang Village, Xiayang Town, Xuwen. The bureau immediately launched a joint investigation operation with xuwen county Public Security Bureau, Xuwen Customs Anti-smuggling Branch and xuwen county Tobacco Monopoly Bureau. After investigation, the ship was loaded with more than 22,000 cigarettes, with a case value of about 4.1 million yuan. Law enforcement officers have seized the ship and its cigarettes according to law.

　　In the next step, Guangdong Zhanjiang Marine Police will strengthen cooperation with relevant functional departments such as public security, customs anti-smuggling and tobacco, actively dig deep and expand the line, resolutely break the network and remove the chain, maintain a high-pressure situation of cracking down on smuggling illegal and criminal activities, weave the control network of coastal waters, and resolutely build a maritime security line.

CCTV News:Waergang Primary School is the most remote and remote mountain village primary school in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province.

At 7: 20 in the morning, the morning glow on the horizon and the clouds in the mountains have not yet dispersed. In the classroom of the sixth grade of Waergang Primary School in Niuchehe, Taoyuan County, Hunan Province, Lang Lang’s reading sound has already been heard. At this time, Fu Jia is explaining poetry to 11 students.　

Fu Jia teaches the students. (Source: Taoyuan Women’s Federation WeChat WeChat official account, Taoyuan County, Hunan Province)

Three years ago, Fu Jia saw the information that his primary school alma mater was recruiting rural teachers, so he resigned from a well-paid job in Changsha and returned to the place where he grew up and became a teacher at Waergang Primary School. Today, Fu Jia is the principal of Waergang Primary School. The 24-year-old young principal is not only a "general teacher" for children, but also an omnipotent "all-round principal" in the eyes of children.　 　 　

21-year-old Tao Li Nianhua returned home to teach.

"Yellow River Wan Li sand, waves TaoFeng winnow from the end of the world. Now go straight to the Milky Way and go to the home of Petunia and Weaver Girl. "

In the class of Waergang Primary School, Wang Liyan, a student, is reciting the ancient poem Langtaosha Jiuqu Yellow River Wan Li Sand with the tune of Legend of the New White Snake, and this method of reciting by singing is one of the "magic weapons" of Fujia’s teaching.

Because the students are young, they have limited understanding of many words in ancient poetry, and it is difficult to empathize with the poet’s emotions. In order to stimulate children’s interest in learning, Fu Jia will try to make children recite poems in ancient sounds, or even sing them out in the melody of familiar pop songs.

Waergang Primary School (Source: Changde Rong Media)

Niuchehe Town, where Waergang Primary School is located, is located at the eastern edge of Wuling Mountain, at the junction of Changde, Zhangjiajie and Huaihua in Hunan, with high mountains and long roads and inconvenient transportation. Among the 46 students in the school, left-behind children whose parents go out to work account for nearly 90%.

Waergang Primary School accepts children from four surrounding villages. Due to the small number of students, including Fu Jia, there are only seven teachers in the school, and all of them are female teachers. Fu Jia not only teaches Chinese at school, but also teaches English, art, music, physical education and many other subjects. In order to teach the children well, she also taught herself guitar and other musical instruments.　

The school’s cement basketball court is the main position of physical education class. In class, Fu Jia is not only a PE teacher, but also a referee and player. When I first came to school, the school’s sports equipment was very short, and only a football with a leak was barely used as a basketball.

In the past two years, with the primary school in this mountain village being gradually paid more attention, dozens of basketball and football have been donated, and other sports and fitness equipment such as hula hoop have been continuously sent. Although playing ball with her children will make her happy every time, the lack of professional teachers of music, sports and beauty in the school has always been her heart disease.　

Now the school environment has improved. In order to make children study better, children in grade four and above eat and live at school and go home on weekends. In order to take good care of the children, Fu Jia has become a "universal mother".

The "universal mother" of 46 students

At noon, when the meal is served, the children line up neatly to receive the meal, and lunch is a standard configuration every day. However, some children don’t like radishes or vegetables, and they always take advantage of Fu Jia’s inattention and secretly pour the vegetables into the leftovers bucket. Every time Fu Jia finds out, she will quietly write down these children. The next time she makes pickles, she will definitely ask them to help and let them participate in the labor together.　

Fu Jia said, I want them to know that food and vegetables are hard to come by in the process of washing, cutting and drying radishes by hand, so that they can develop a habit of cherishing food.

Recently, Shanshan, a sixth grader, looked depressed. After Fu Jia found out that something was wrong with her, she called her outside the classroom to have a heart-to-heart talk after class. It turned out that Grandpa Shanshan’s tuberculosis had relapsed and he was coughing up blood. He had been sent to the city hospital for treatment overnight, while Grandma Yuan Xueqing herself was suffering from various diseases and could not do heavy work.

Shanshan and her sister, who are in the first grade, have repeatedly told Fu Jia that they want to go out to work early to earn money. In order to stabilize the children’s mood and visit their families, Fu Jia drove more than 10 kilometers of mountain roads for home visits, and this is the fifth time she has come to Shanshan’s house this year.

After Shanshan’s parents divorced, her mother went away from home and never heard from her. Her father worked in Huizhou factory in Guangdong all the year round and came back at most once a year. He could only send home more than 20,000 yuan every year, basically buying medicine for the two old people. The situation like Shanshan is not uncommon in Waergang Primary School. Here, 40% of the students come from single-parent families. Fu Jia not only takes good care of every child’s emotions, but also tries to solve their practical problems.

Fu Jia is chopping wood. (Source: Changde Rong Media)

During Fu Jia’s teaching for more than three years, the value of newly acquired materials and materials donated by caring people in the school totaled about 1,592,900 yuan, and 29 poor students received financial aid successively. Every child in the school received school supplies, clothes and even household necessities donated by caring people.

Teach the children, take care of their food and drink, Lassa, chop wood and light fire, do laundry and cook, and do all kinds of dirty work. Since entering the school in August 2016, Fu Jia’s three-year grass-roots service period has long passed. According to the regulations of the education department of Taoyuan County, she can apply for transfer to a school with better conditions, but she did not hesitate to choose to stay.　

In three years, children are increasingly inseparable from this omnipotent "all-round principal" and "all-round mother". Choose to stay, because Fu Jia feels that the children need her, and she also feels that what she has done is very meaningful.

"choose to stay, the children need me."

There is almost no decoration in Fu Jia’s room, and two dolls on the bed were given by friends when they came to see her. But she has a lot of treasures, such as small gifts given to her by children in recent years, small wind chimes made of waste materials, thank-you letters written all over the text, and many small paintings drawn by Zhang Xuesheng. No gift costs more than two yuan, but it is the most precious treasure in her heart.　

Fu Jia received a "big gift" from the students.

One day, a first-grade child stopped her on the road that day and gave her a "big gift". Fu Jia proudly told reporters: "I thought it was just a blank piece of paper that looked very simple. As soon as I opened it and saw a rainbow-like fan in it, I felt very attentive, very happy and gratified."

In more than three years at school, not only Fu Jia has grown, but Wa ‘ergang Primary School has also become better day by day. The school has newly acquired solar street lamps, brand-new adjustable desks and chairs, multimedia audio-visual equipment and monitoring probes to ensure school safety, and the teachers’ turnover room has also been put into use. The treatment of teachers in schools has also been fully implemented in accordance with relevant policies.　

Fu Jia chats with the students.(Source: Taoyuan Women’s Federation WeChat WeChat official account, Taoyuan County, Hunan Province)

On December 26, 2019, the Qianzhangchang Railway, which runs through Chongqing, Guizhou and Hunan provinces, was opened. This railway, which is responsible for poverty alleviation, brought hope to Niuchehe Town, which is rich in resources. After the train is opened, it takes only 20 minutes by train from Niuchehe Town to Taoyuan County, while it took 2 hours by shuttle bus before. Now Fu Jia wants to take the children out for a walk every day to let them have more contact with the outside world.

"I think the greatest significance of education to help the poor is to make rural education and urban education closer, and then let students get better education. We must make urban and rural education more integrated, so that all students’ horizons can be at a level." Speaking of the significance of education, Fu Jia confided his feelings to reporters.　

At the beginning, Fu Jia studied hard in order to get out of the mountains and change his destiny. When she grew up, Fu Jia chose to go back to the mountains and feed her hometown in order to let more children in her hometown walk out of the mountains like her.

Perhaps, in the near future, they will sing like that song, "When I grow up, I will be you!" "

Concept poster of Journey to the West: The Country of Daughters

1905 movie network news　The third part of the fantasy romantic comedy The Journey to the West series will be launched in November this year, and the schedule is scheduled in advance, and it is scheduled to play the Spring Festival file again and again at the beginning of 2018. A few days ago, the film released heavy news again, and Bo Huang, the powerful film winner, will also join "Girl Country" and transform for the first time, becoming one of the producers behind the scenes. It is understood that following the release of Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, two billion-dollar blockbuster movies, the The Journey to the West series has entered a mature stage, and it has become the leading Chinese film super IP. This time, "Girl Country" teamed up with Bo Huang, and the film has been absolutely eye-catching before it started, and its future market performance is also expected.

Bo Huang served as the producer of Journey to the West: The Country of Daughters behind the scenes of transformation.

　

Bo Huang is the first producer to lock the authentic Westward Journey series.

As a powerful film emperor with great box office appeal, Bo Huang, the producer of "Girl Country", attracted people’s attention. From 2006 to now, Bo Huang has appeared in many works that have won both word-of-mouth and box office, and has won numerous titles such as Golden Horse Award.

After ten years of success, the actor who focused on movies and roles turned his eyes behind the scenes. This time, as a co-producer of Girl Country, Bo Huang’s road to transformation seems to be traceable. During the Shanghai Film Festival in June this year, Bo Huang launched the "HB+U" new director assistance program, hoping to learn from the mature system of Hollywood film industry, select outstanding new directors for the whole society, and create excellent genre films. While pushing new people, Bo Huang also began to get involved in the development and production of film projects. Surprisingly, Bo Huang, who participated in the production of the film for the first time, did not choose the type of urban comedy he was good at, but turned his attention to the third film of the The Journey to the West series, Daughter Country. As we all know, the previous films, Make a scene in Heaven and Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, both closed at the box office of more than one billion yuan, and Bo Huang chose the third film of the same series as his first production, which was a unique insight.

Bo Huang is the producer of Journey to the West: The Country of Daughters, and the film will be launched in November.

"Girl Country" started in November, and the news climax continued.

The filmmaker recently announced that "Girl Country" will be officially launched in November this year, and the director is still Zheng Baorui. The director revealed that "Girl Country" will be based on the new production team. At present, most of the 2,400 crew members of "San Da" have started to return to the team and enter the preparations for the new film. The special effects team with an elite of more than 1,000 people from multinational industries is bound to further improve the production level of "Girl Country", of which only one special effect will cost tens of millions of dollars, which will set a new benchmark for Chinese special effects films after "Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon".

At the same time, in terms of plot, the story of "Girl Country" will be richer in maintaining the essence of the original, and the plot will be more suspenseful and fresh. For the core plot that everyone is familiar with, there will be a new interpretation of the affection between Tang Priest and the king of the daughter country. At the first press conference on August 15th, William Feng and Xiao Shenyang announced that they would continue to star in "The Country of Daughters", and other starring roles would be announced one by one before the launch.

　

Poster of global auditions for thousands of people in the daughter country

At present, the live draft of "Next Stop, Girl Country" is in full swing, and sea elections will be held in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu, and 1,000 "girl country nationals" will be selected for the movie "Girl Country" to create "the world’s most actress movies".

　　On June 30th, the 14th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform was held, which released an important signal of relying on reform to cope with changes and open up new opportunities.

　　At the end of the first half of 2020, it is of great significance to detail the new reform measures deployed at this meeting.

　　When building a well-off society in an all-round way and the 13th Five-Year Plan comes to an end, and the COVID-19 epidemic suddenly happens, the risk challenge before China in 2020 is unprecedented.

　　The whole world is paying attention to how China will solve the development dilemma. This meeting gave a clearer answer — —

　　To successfully accomplish the main objectives and tasks of the 13th Five-Year Plan, win the battle against poverty, build a well-off society in an all-round way, and start a new journey of building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way, we must give full play to the breakthrough and leading role of reform, rely on reform to cope with changes, open up new situations, adhere to goal-oriented and problem-oriented, and be good at accumulating momentum, grasping the key points, actively encouraging exploration, highlighting the effectiveness of reform, and promoting reform to better serve economic and social development.

　　Practice has long proved that in the past 40 years of reform and opening up, our party has led the people of the whole country to respond to development problems by unswervingly deepening reform and opening up.

　　Since the beginning of this year, in the face of rare difficulties, China has made overall plans for epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development. On the one hand, resolutely implement the tasks of "six stabilities" and "six guarantees" and safeguard the overall situation of economic development and social stability; On the other hand, the reform and opening-up has not stopped, and a series of heavy measures have been launched one after another, with high frequency, high density and heavy weight, which has attracted much attention — —

　　On April 9, the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Building a More Perfect System and Mechanism for Market-oriented Allocation of Factors was published, and the reform direction of five factors, namely land, labor, capital, technology and data, was proposed by classification, which was regarded as another significant achievement in promoting economic system reform in the new era.

　　On May 17th, "Guiding Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Development of the Western Region in the New Era to Form a New Pattern" was published, in order to clear the direction for solving the problem of insufficient development imbalance in the western region, promoting sustainable development, promoting high-quality development, improving the level of opening up, and realizing national unity and border stability in the western region;

　　On May 18th, "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era" was published, in order to systematically design a more complete, mature and stereotyped high-level socialist market economic system.

　　The opening ceremony of Hainan Free Trade Port Ecological Software Park filmed in Chengmai County, Hainan Province. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Guanyu)

　　On June 1st, the "Overall Plan for the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port" was announced, focusing on creating a clear banner and an important open door to lead the opening up in the new era, and the construction of a free trade port with China characteristics took a key step;

　　Corner of Lingang New Area in China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ding Ting)

　　On June 24th, China published the 2020 edition of the negative list of foreign investment access in China and the negative list of foreign investment access in the Pilot Free Trade Zone. On the basis of the reduction for three consecutive years, the negative list of foreign investment access has been greatly reduced again, releasing a clear signal … …

　　Taking advantage of the situation, the fourteenth meeting of the Central Committee for Deep Reform closely followed the key points of the current reform and deliberated and adopted a series of reform plans.

　　Among them, the "Three-year Action Plan for State-owned Enterprise Reform (2020-2022)" is of great significance for grasping the key stage of state-owned enterprise reform in the next three years, promoting the optimization and structural adjustment of state-owned economy, enhancing the vitality of micro-subjects, and adhering to and improving the basic economic system.

　　Workers work in the production line of Wuhan East Style Trak Automobile Gearbox Co., Ltd., Hubei Province. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Cheng Min)

　　Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Development of New Generation Information Technology and Manufacturing Industry points out the direction for grasping the rapid development stage of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, conforming to the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation trend, and improving the digital, networked and intelligent development level of manufacturing industry.

　　The "Pilot Program for Deepening the Reform of Rural Homestead System" focuses on the important content of promoting the market-oriented allocation reform of land elements, which is of great significance for exploring the "separation of ownership, qualification and use rights" of rural homesteads and realizing, safeguarding and developing farmers’ rights and interests.

　　In 2020, we have reached the medium range, so we should keep a clear understanding of the joys and sorrows of the development in the second half.

　　The domestic economy continues to release recovery signals, and its future development prospects are improving, but it faces difficulties and challenges brought about by the interweaving of structural, institutional and cyclical problems; The global epidemic and the world economic situation are still complicated and severe, and the impact and influence on China’s economic development are still emerging.

　　The meeting stressed that an important task at present is to combine the implementation of the reform tasks deployed since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee with the completion of the main objectives and tasks of the 13th Five-Year Plan, winning the battle against poverty and building a well-off society in an all-round way, linking the overall promotion of normalized epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, and making targeted arrangements to promote key reforms.

　　Facing the upcoming "14th Five-Year Plan", we should pay more attention to the construction of system and governance system when planning the future reform work in advance, and solve more deep-seated institutional problems.

　　The greatest vitality of reform and innovation lies among the grassroots and the masses. The meeting stressed that it is necessary to strengthen encouragement and guidance in dealing with new things and practices, so that new things can grow healthily and new kinetic energy can be accelerated. This is of great significance to the future reform process. (Reporter An Bei)

　　On the morning of September 8th, the national commendation meeting for fighting COVID-19 epidemic was held in the Great Hall of the People. This is Zhong Nanshan, winner of the Medal of the Republic. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi photo

　　Xinhua News Agency, Guangzhou, November 10th, by topic　Zhong Nanshan: Health depends on life.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Xiao Sisi and Xu Hongyi

　　17 years ago, I bravely shouldered the heavy burden in the fight against SARS; This year, the fight against "COVID-19" went out again.

　　"In the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic, the price paid is very high. Putting people’s life and health first, we did it. " On the 9th, Zhong Nanshan, winner of "Medal of the Republic", academician of China Academy of Engineering and director of the National Center for Clinical Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, said at the national report meeting on advanced deeds of fighting COVID-19 epidemic.

　　Since the beginning of this year, in the face of the sudden COVID-19 epidemic, 84-year-old Zhong Nanshan has interpreted the concept of "people first, life first" with practical actions, and put forward prevention and control strategies and rescue measures to save countless lives.

　　Zhong Nanshan attended the news briefing on epidemic prevention and control in Guangzhou (photo taken on March 18th). Xinhua News Agency reporter Lu Hanxin photo

　　Retrograde expedition, COVID-19 bravely takes responsibility

　　On January 18th, Zhong Nanshan boarded the high-speed train from Guangzhou to Wuhan. He was appointed as the leader of the high-level expert group in National Health Commission in order to find out an unknown "new pneumonia" reported in Wuhan. A few days ago, Zhong Nanshan also appealed to the people all over the country not to go to Wuhan unless there is an urgent need.

　　After on-the-spot investigation in Wuhan, the high-level expert group of National Health Commission confirmed that this "new pneumonia" has appeared "human-to-human" phenomenon. On January 20th, when Zhong Nanshan was interviewed by the media in Beijing, he decisively announced to the public the existence of "human-to-human transmission" in COVID-19, which set off an alarm for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in China.

　　Since then, he has attended many press conferences to answer questions for the public and inject confidence into the first-line war "epidemic".

　　Zhong Nanshan (former middle school) was sworn in at the swearing-in ceremony of party member, the first frontline of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (photo taken on March 2). Xinhua News Agency reporter Deng Hua photo

　　"The national help, wuhan is able to pass! Wuhan was originally a heroic city. " On January 28th, at the most anxious moment in Wuhan’s fight against the COVID-19 epidemic, Zhong Nanshan said emotionally in an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency.

　　This is not the first time that Zhong Nanshan "dares to speak out". As early as 2003, during the SARS epidemic, he proposed and confirmed that the cause of SARS was a kind of novel coronavirus under the background that chlamydia was the cause.

　　In August, 2020, the Supreme Leader of president signed a presidential decree and awarded Zhong Nanshan the "Republic Medal" in recognition of his outstanding contribution in the process of fighting the COVID-19 epidemic.

　　People first, life first.

　　"What is the greatest human right? We have saved so many lives, which is the performance of our greatest human rights. " In the "first lesson" of primary and secondary school students all over the country, Zhong Nanshan said emotionally.

　　On April 15th, the Information Office of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government held the 78th news interview on epidemic prevention and control in Guangzhou Medical University. Zhong Nanshan (first from right) had a discussion and exchange with representatives of foreigners working and studying in Guangzhou. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Jiale photo

　　On August 27th, Zhong Nanshan led a team from the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University to announce that a COVID-19 patient who had been assisted by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for 111 days had successfully recovered and was discharged from hospital, creating a miracle of medical treatment.

　　ECMO is the core support for severe heart and lung failure at present, and it is regarded as the "last straw" for critically ill patients. Zhong Nanshan said: "As long as there is a glimmer of hope in the process of treatment, we can do whatever it takes. Even if it seems that patients will die, we still have to rescue them like embroidery. "

　　In the fight against SARS in 2003, Zhong Nanshan’s sentence "Send the most critical patients to me" landed loudly and forcefully; In the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic, he once again made a solemn promise of "never giving up any patient".

　　In the critical period of fighting COVID-19 epidemic, Zhong Nanshan has consulted critically ill patients in Hubei and other places for many times through telemedicine platform, giving local doctors and patients "reassurance".

　　"Because of the large number of patients in Wuhan, the Central Committee immediately organized more than 42,000 medical personnel from all over the country to support Wuhan, and built Vulcan Mountain and Thunder God Mountain hospital in a very short time. The medical staff assisting Hubei are all proud to be able to participate in the fight against the epidemic. " Zhong Nanshan said: "Putting people’s life and health first, we have done it."

　　"I am just an ordinary medical worker and I am very excited to get the Medal of the Republic. But I think more about the word’ responsibility’. " He said: "We should redouble our efforts to build a platform for the prevention and control of respiratory diseases and public health emergencies, and contribute to further defeating COVID-19 and preventing and controlling new public health emergencies."

　　Academician Zhong Nanshan works in the clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (photo taken on August 2, 2018). Xinhua News Agency reporter Deng Hua photo

　　Health depends on life.

　　At the national report meeting on the advanced deeds of fighting the COVID-19 epidemic, Zhong Nanshan said that the anti-epidemic heroes in all walks of life have the same goal, because "health depends on life".

　　"The international epidemic situation is still relatively serious. We can’t stop there. We must improve the level of scientific research and prevention and make greater contributions to the world." He said.

　　While guiding the first-line treatment, Zhong Nanshan has always adhered to the front line of international medical research and shared China’s anti-epidemic practices and experiences at the first time.

　　"Infectious diseases have no national boundaries, and overcoming the epidemic requires global cooperation." Zhong Nanshan said that in the face of the COVID-19 epidemic and other possible outbreaks in the future, human beings need to face it together. "Through communication, other countries can avoid detours. Because we have gone through a difficult road, we must support each other. "

　　On January 21st, the Ministry of Science and Technology announced the establishment of an expert group for scientific research on the joint prevention and control mechanism of pneumonia in novel coronavirus, with Academician Zhong Nanshan as the leader and 14 experts, to provide scientific and technological support for the first-line prevention and treatment.

　　Now, the scientific research team led by Zhong Nanshan has made a series of achievements in rapid detection, new use of old drugs, vaccine research and development, prevention and control of nosocomial infection, animal models and so on, and played an important role in epidemic prevention and control.

　　Related reports:

　　Zhang Boli: Fighting the epidemic with the "China Plan"

　　Zhang Dingyu: In the epidemic "eye of the storm", the "gradually frozen" body races against time.