CCTV News: The National Health and Wellness Commission reported yesterday (May 10th) that as of May 9th, 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps had reported 324.307 million doses of Covid-19 vaccine.

　　Look at the vaccination situation in Beijing. As of 9: 00 yesterday, Beijing had received 26,618,200 doses of COVID-19 vaccine and 14,935,400 people, of whom 11,682,800 people had completed two doses of vaccine, and the vaccination rate of people aged 18 and over reached 76.71%.

　　Among them, 1,841,200 people aged 60 and above were vaccinated, the first dose vaccination rate was 49.59%, and 2,767 people aged 90 and above were vaccinated. The largest vaccinator was over 100 years old. The vaccination rate of medical and health care, housing construction, urban management, postal express, tourist attractions, star-rated hotels, commercial services and other systems (industries) in the city exceeds 90%.

　　Large-scale vaccination of vaccines in COVID-19 is progressing in an orderly manner throughout the country. Recently, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Dalian, Liaoning, Dazhou, Sichuan and other places have sent vaccination services to the gates of enterprises in their jurisdictions to help enterprises produce epidemic prevention.

　　In an enterprise headquarters park in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, a multifunctional performance hall with a capacity of 2,200 people became a temporary vaccination site. Pingshan District People’s Hospital optimized the inoculation process, sorted out the site divisions, and minimized the waiting time of employees in line. It is understood that at present, Pingshan People’s Hospital has set up temporary vaccination sites in more than 30 industrial parks within its jurisdiction. In the next step, the hospital will continue to dock with other enterprises and schools, and formulate organizational vaccination plans in light of each other’s needs.

　　As a national independent innovation demonstration zone and a national digital service export base, Dalian High-tech Zone in Liaoning has a foreign population of more than 1,000. On May 10th, the first batch of 200 foreigners were vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine free of charge in the High-tech Zone.

　　Since May 8th, Dachuan District People’s Hospital has carried out COVID-19 vaccination for large-scale population, and by the morning of May 10th, 10,000 people had been vaccinated. In addition, Dazhou has also established temporary vaccination sites in colleges and universities to further enhance the vaccination capacity.

Abstract: The modernization of education in China has always been a major strategic issue and strategic choice for the country’s development. The cognition and judgment of leaders in different periods on the reality of education have an important impact on the modernization of education. China’s educational modernization process has both successful experiences and mistakes. As far as Deng Xiaoping is concerned, he has made two important decisions on the enrollment method of colleges and universities. The first time was on June 13, 1966, according to the instructions of Mao Zedong, he made a decision with Liu Shaoqi to postpone the enrollment of colleges and universities and reform the enrollment examination method of colleges and universities. The second time was in September, 1977, when Deng Xiaoping pushed through the crowd and proposed to restore the higher education examination system, which was approved by the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee. The second decision not only produced a long-term human capital dividend, but also profoundly affected the process of educational modernization in China, laying the foundation for a modern educational system.

China is a country with the largest population in the world, but also a country lacking in human capital. From the perspective of national modernization, more population has become a heavy burden of economic development, and less human capital has become an important constraint of economic development. In this sense, a large population is not necessarily a good thing, unless the population burden is transformed into human resources wealth. [1] Therefore, China should take human capital as the first capital, human resources as the first resource, and invest in people and develop human resources as its basic national policy. China’s modernization is essentially human modernization, and human modernization is essentially the continuous expansion and accumulation of human resources or human capital stock, which has become an increasingly important source of economic development and constitutes the ultimate foundation of national wealth (material wealth, social wealth, cultural wealth and ecological wealth). [1] (P.174) Leaders’ understanding of China’s basic national conditions directly affects the decision-making of human capital investment and the process of human capital accumulation, which in turn will affect the long-term dividend of human capital to China’s modernization development. From the past decades, China has also experienced a historical process of success first, then twists and turns, and then success, and gradually realized the transformation from a heavy population burden to a powerful country in human resources or human capital in the world. China has become the world’s largest number of students in higher education.

First, from a big country with illiteracy to a big country with modern education

In modern times, China is not only a laggard and latecomer of world modernization, but also a laggard and latecomer of educational modernization. It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that modern education was introduced from the west and a national education system was established. By the time New China was founded in 1949, it had been about half a century. From the perspective of higher education, only 185,000 people in China had college education or above, accounting for 3.42% of the total population? . The number of college students in China is only 117,000. [2] At that time, about 80% of the people in the country were illiterate and semi-illiterate, and the average education period of the population over 15 years old was only 1.0 years, which was a big country full of illiteracy. ［3］

After the founding of New China, China began an unprecedented cultural construction, including "implementing universal education in a planned and step-by-step manner, strengthening secondary and higher education, and paying attention to technical education" [4].

By the mid-1960s, a relatively complete modern national education system had been established in China, and the level of human capital had been significantly improved. According to the data of the second national census in 1964, the illiteracy rate dropped to 32.3%, which was half as much as 80% in 1949. The population of junior college or above reached 2.875 million, 15.5 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth rate of 21.6% from 1949 to 1964. The average educational years of the population over 15 years old in China reached 2.6 years, equivalent to 2.6 times that of 1949. During 1949-1964, the average annual growth rate was 7.06%, which was much higher than the average annual growth rate of the total population (2.08%) in the same period. Even though higher education was seriously affected by the Great Leap Forward, the number of students in institutions of higher learning dropped from 962,000 in 1960 to 674,000 in 1965 [2] (P.483), which was still the first golden age for the development of modern education in China.

Although China’s modern national education, especially modern university education, has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable results, the basic national conditions of low level of human capital have not fundamentally changed. Compared with developed countries, in 1965, the average length of education of the population over 15 years old was 10 years in the United States, equivalent to 3.8 times that of China; It is 7.5 years in Japan, which is 2.9 times that of China. In particular, the population above junior college is quite scarce, accounting for only 0.416% of the total population (723 million people) in China. Proceeding from this basic national condition, it is necessary to continuously accelerate the modernization of national education, including the development of modern higher education.

Two, Mao Zedong from the reform of the education system to launch the "cultural revolution"

After 1965, Mao Zedong shifted the focus of "opposing and preventing revisionism" to how to prevent revisionism in the Communist Party of China (CPC), especially in the leading organs of the Party. [5] His judgment on academia and education has also changed. In March 1966, he said at the enlarged meeting in The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC): "Now, most universities, middle schools and primary schools are monopolized by people from the bourgeoisie, petty bourgeoisie and rich land." [6] On May 7 of the same year, he reiterated this view in his letter to Lin Biao. Therefore, Mao Zedong’s proposal to reform the education system is not to change the backward situation of modern education, but to change "the phenomenon of bourgeois intellectuals ruling schools".

In fact, Mao Zedong had put forward the idea of reforming the education system before this. In 1964, Mao Zedong proposed that the education system should be reformed. "You don’t know the class struggle. How can you be a college graduate?" [7] According to Mao Zedong’s instructions, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Notice on Organizing Liberal Arts Teachers and Students in Colleges and Universities to Participate in the Socialist Education Movement on September 11th of the same year.

Mao Zedong launched the "Cultural Revolution" with the educational front as an important breakthrough. On June 12th, 1966, Mao Zedong presided over the enlarged meeting of the CPC The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC). When talking about the "Cultural Revolution", he said: "First seize power, criticize authority, and then engage in teaching reform and educational system reform. The central government should establish a high school and university entrance examination system by combining school recommendation and selection. " [8] On June 13th, according to Mao Zedong’s instructions and under the auspices of Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued a notice, deciding to reform the entrance examination method for colleges and universities, calling the entrance examination method at that time "basically not jumping out of the bourgeois examination system", and decided to postpone the entrance examination for colleges and universities for half a year in 1966. In fact, it is to suspend classes for half a year for college students nationwide to engage in the "Cultural Revolution" movement.

On June 18th, People’s Daily published the decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, and published an editorial entitled "Do a good job in the cultural revolution thoroughly and reform the education system thoroughly". The editorial said: "The old entrance examination system has become a stumbling block to the cause of socialist education and the great proletarian cultural revolution." On June 27th, the Ministry of Higher Education issued a notice that the enrollment of graduate students in 1966 and 1967 was suspended. ［9］

On July 24th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Notice on the Reform of Enrollment in Colleges and Universities. The circular pointed out that since liberation, although the methods of college entrance examination have been continuously improved, they have basically not jumped out of the bourgeois examination system. Decided to cancel the exam and adopt a combination of recommendation and selection. This became the method of university enrollment in the early 1970s.

However, once the "Cultural Revolution" is launched, it is difficult to proceed according to the wishes of the initiators and leaders, and it is often "the opposite direction". First, "suspension of classes and revolting" (June 1966), the enrollment of colleges and universities was stopped; Then there was "resumption of classes and revolting" (early 1967); Then, the workers’ propaganda team and the military propaganda team were assigned to colleges and universities to disperse the Red Guards (August 1968); Mobilizing junior and senior high school graduates to go to the countryside (December, 1968) was actually a way of forcibly mobilizing a large number of urban educated youth to go to the countryside, which led to the biggest interruption of human capital investment and accumulation since the founding of New China.

Third, the "Cultural Revolution" loss of human capital

The impact, interruption and even long-term impact of the "Cultural Revolution" on the accumulation process of high human capital (mainly refers to the population with college education or above) and medium human capital (refers to the population with secondary college education) was called "the biggest loss" by Deng Xiaoping, which delayed a generation.

The university stopped enrolling students for four years, and the number of students in the university dropped significantly (see attached table). It is conservatively estimated that during the "Cultural Revolution", if 1965 is taken as the base, tens of thousands of graduate students, 1 million college graduates and 2 million secondary school graduates were less trained nationwide. The actual number may be even larger, because the enrollment rate of universities or high schools in China is much lower than that of countries with the same income level. In 1979, after the college entrance examination was resumed for three consecutive years, the university enrollment rate in China was only 1.2%, which was only half of the average of other low-income countries and only a quarter of the average of developing countries. [10] In addition, the recruitment of overseas students was stopped for six years (from 1966 to 1971).

Secondary school education has also been severely impacted, with the number of students enrolled dropping, even stopping enrolling, and the number of students in school dropping sharply. In 1979, the total number of students in vocational and technical schools was only 1.4 million, far below the level in 1965; The number of students in vocational and technical schools accounts for 2.4% of the total number of students in all secondary schools, far below the average of 11% in developing countries. Part of the result of this situation is that in 1979, only 0.5% of the workforce received higher education, and only 0.9% received secondary technical or vocational education (many of them were teachers). ［10］（pp.92，93）

On October 22, 1977, when Deng Xiaoping met with a delegation from the Korean Central News Agency, he said that the Gang of Four had caused great damage in various fields, and the most damaged areas were education, science and technology. The destruction of education is not reading, which makes the scientific research team lack successors. [11] This is why Deng Xiaoping changed the original enrollment plan of colleges and universities and advocated the restoration of the unified examination system for college enrollment.

Fourth, Deng Xiaoping: Take the education front as the breakthrough of reform and opening up.

Deng Xiaoping promotes reform and opening up, and also chooses the education front as a breakthrough.

On the question of whether to restore the unified examination system for college enrollment, the focus of debate is whether to continue along the so-called "Cultural Revolution" or turn to the normal entrance examination practice that conforms to the laws and characteristics of modern education development. This is not only a dispute about the route, but also a dispute about the basic common sense of human capital investment, and it is also a livelihood event involving thousands of families. Only through social practice can we distinguish right from wrong.

As early as 1975, faced with many obstacles, Deng Xiaoping proposed to let the army take the lead and set up a National University of Defense Technology in the army to recruit students directly from high schools. On May 24, 1977, Deng Xiaoping, who had not yet officially returned, told Wang Zhen and Deng Liqun that Japan had paid attention to science and technology and education since the Meiji Restoration, and spent a lot of effort. Meiji Restoration is a reform carried out by Japan’s new bourgeoisie. As the proletariat, we should do better than them. He clearly pointed out that scientific research must be accompanied by education. He specifically mentioned that it is necessary to pass strict examinations and concentrate the best people in key middle schools and universities. He also said that if he comes out to work and is in charge of science, technology and education, he hopes that from now on, starting from primary school, he will see small results in five years, see results in 10 years, and see great results in 15 years and 20 years. ［12］

Under the direct leadership of Deng Xiaoping, the Ministry of Education has greatly improved the enrollment system of colleges and universities, changed the practice of not taking exams during the "Cultural Revolution", and resumed the method of unified examination and merit-based admission.

From June 29th to July 15th, the Ministry of Education held the first symposium on college enrollment, which discussed and solved some problems such as the qualifications of students taking the college entrance examination, and put forward the enrollment plan for colleges and universities.

On July 23, Deng Xiaoping said: "Education should walk on two legs and have a focus. Universities should recruit students from workers, peasants and soldiers, and key schools can recruit students from fresh high school graduates. " [11] (P.165) He also said, "No matter how many college students you recruit, you must take the exam. If you fail the exam, you can’t take it. My children can’t pass the exam, and they can’t go through the back door. " ［13］

On July 29th, Deng Xiaoping talked about education with Fang Yi and Liu Xiyao, and proposed that "a number of key universities should be grasped, which are the centers of education and scientific research". He also proposed, "There are several issues to consider: First, whether to abolish the practice that high school graduates have to work for two years before they can go to college? Second, we must adhere to the examination system, and key schools must insist on failing to repeat grades. We should have a clear attitude towards this. Third, we should make a report outline and put forward principles, policies and measures. The relationship between education and scientific research is very close. We should pay close attention to it, start with education, and have specific measures, otherwise it will be an empty gun. " [11] (P.167) At that time, this decision caused great controversy. On August 1st, Deng Xiaoping, Fang Yi and Liu Xiyao talked about education again. He pointed out that education should be run on two legs, and schools can take various forms. The overall goal is to train a group of people as soon as possible. The fundamental plan is to start with education and primary schools, otherwise catching up will become empty talk. The number of key schools should not be too small, so we should start to designate them immediately. Walk on two legs, but with emphasis. Key universities recruit students directly from high school graduates. When compiling teaching materials, we must absorb advanced things from the world and make foreign things serve China, especially in natural science. From the beginning of teaching the most advanced things, students will be inspired to develop in a broader and deeper direction, which is promising. [11] (pp. 168 ~ 169) He also said that for those young intellectuals who have reached a higher level through self-study,It is necessary to study how and how to select them back. There are thousands of such people, so we should pay great attention to them, cherish them and do everything possible to recruit them back to college or graduate school. ［14］

On August 6th, Deng Xiaoping presided over a symposium on science and education. He proposed: "The new education system will be implemented from next year. To make preparations this year, we should determine the academic system, teaching materials, teachers, students’ sources, enrollment system, examination system and assessment system, and do a good job. Don’t make frequent changes after doing a good job. Of course, small changes are still possible. " He proposed, "Take back the original enrollment report and rewrite it according to everyone’s opinions. Enrollment involves millions of young people who go to the countryside. We should come up with a way to select outstanding talents without causing fluctuations. Key schools should recruit students in a unified way. This year, I am determined to enroll students as required, and the students recruited must meet the requirements. " ［11］（pp.175，176）

On August 8th, Deng Xiaoping firmly stated that this year, he would make up his mind to resume accepting students directly from high school graduates and stop making recommendations from the masses. Recruiting students directly from senior high school is a good way to produce talents and results early. ［11］（p.179）

From 17 August to 25 September, the Ministry of Education held another national conference on enrollment in Beijing Friendship Hotel. The enrollment targets determined by this conference were: workers, peasants, educated youths who went to the countryside and returned to their hometowns (including those who have not been assigned jobs according to the policy), demobilized soldiers, cadres and fresh high school graduates, aged about 20, but not more than 25, unmarried. Those who are rich in practical experience and have made achievements or have expertise in research can be relaxed to 30 years old, regardless of their marriage. ［15］

On August 18th, Deng Xiaoping reviewed and agreed to the "Request for Instructions on Delaying Enrollment and Freshmen’s Opening Time" submitted by the Ministry of Education. The report stated that colleges and secondary specialized schools had planned to start enrolling students in August and freshmen would start school in mid-November. According to Vice Chairman Deng’s instructions, we will greatly improve the enrollment system of colleges and universities, and the enrollment time will be postponed to the fourth quarter. Freshmen in 1977 will enter school before the end of February next year (referring to 1978), which will be postponed for three months (including winter vacation). ［11］（p.185）

On September 25th, the National Conference on Enrollment of Colleges and Universities decided to change the practice of not taking exams during the "Cultural Revolution" and restore the method of unified examination and merit-based admission. ［11］（p.185）

In 1977, the college entrance examination was postponed to the fourth quarter. In December, about 5.7 million young people in China took the entrance examination for colleges and universities. The candidates were graduates from 1966 to 1977, aged between 15 and 16 and in their thirties. Colleges and universities selected 273,000 students, and the admission rate was the lowest since the founding of New China, only 4.8%. The freshmen were admitted around February 1978. ［16］

In July 1978, another 6.1 million people took the second national college entrance examination. Two recruitment examinations with a total of more than 11.8 million people set a record in the history of higher education examinations in China and even the world. [17] This fully reflects the strong desire of this generation to go to school, to be knowledgeable, and to change their own destiny. They finally got the chance to make their own choices.

This is Deng Xiaoping’s first major decision after his comeback. It took only a few months from putting forward the idea (May 1977) to making a decision (October 1977) and then implementing it (December 1977). A year later, at the end of 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that the major decision of reform and opening up was the second largest decision. The author calls this first major decision the "seed" of reform and opening-up. It was Deng Xiaoping’s decision to resume the college entrance examination, which planted the "seed" of human capital for China’s modernization, and achieved the situation of "taking root, flowering and bearing fruit" in the later reform and opening-up.

In 1982, when college students of Grade 7-7 and Grade 7-8 graduated, there were about 6.1 million people with college education, accounting for only 0.615% of the total population. By 2013, there will be about 130 million people with college degree or above in China, accounting for 9.6% of the total population, which has surpassed the total population of Japan (127 million)!

Six, resume the recruitment of graduate students, establish a degree system with China characteristics.

In 1978, it was the first year that China resumed the postgraduate system.

On August 4, 1977, Deng Xiaoping proposed that those young intellectuals who went to the countryside to reach a higher level through self-study should do everything possible to find them to come back to college or become graduate students. He also specifically mentioned that in a few years, universities should focus on training graduate students, so that researchers can grow rapidly. This is a matter of policy, so that people can get out faster. I believe that Chinese is smart and will produce a lot of talents. [11] (p.173) This shows that Deng Xiaoping is very clear that the cultivation of high-end talents needs to start with the cultivation of graduate students.

It was under the direct impetus of Deng Xiaoping that in January 1978, the Ministry of Education and the State Planning Commission formulated the national postgraduate enrollment plan. [11] (p.255) On February 28th, China Academy of Social Sciences decided to recruit graduate students for the whole country. In that year, more than 10,500 graduate students were enrolled in China. This figure is close to the total number of graduate students trained in the 17 years before the "Cultural Revolution" (referring to 1949-1966). ［16］（pp.107,193）

While recruiting college students and graduate students in an all-round way, Deng Xiaoping and others have encountered new problems. As a modern university education, should we implement a degree system? If the degree system is to be implemented, what kind of degree system will be adopted? Which system can better represent the world trend?

Implementing the degree system is an important institutional arrangement for a country to train high-level talents, and it is also a basic system generally adopted by modern countries. There are different models and practices in the world: one is the three-level degree system generally adopted by western countries, that is, the establishment of bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees. In April 1935, China introduced and imitated the degree system implemented in the United States. By the time New China was founded in 1949, more than 200 people had obtained master’s degrees. The other is the two-level degree system adopted by the Soviet Union, that is, there are only doctoral and associate doctoral degrees, and there are no undergraduate degrees. Due to the influence of the Soviet higher education system after the founding of New China, the three-level degree system in western countries was no longer adopted, and only postgraduate education was implemented. Postgraduates were enrolled in 1950, and by 1965, more than 22,700 people had been enrolled.

From 1961 to 1964, the academic degree regulations drafted by Nie Rongzhen, vice premier of the State Council and director of the State Science and Technology Commission, were basically based on the Soviet model, but this regulation did not become a formal system.

When Deng Xiaoping considered what kind of degree system China was planning to build, two important figures played a key role, one was Hu Qiaomu, and the other was Jiang Nanxiang. This is related to the fact that they all studied in Tsinghua University and understood the western degree system.

Jiang Nanxiang, Minister of Education, personally presided over the drafting of the Regulations on Academic Degrees in People’s Republic of China (PRC) (Draft), which was adopted in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on February 12, 1980 and came into force on January 1, 1981. In this regard, Jiang Nanxiang explained that the proposed academic degree regulations adopted a three-level academic degree system, so as to communicate with the internationally accepted academic degree system, which is conducive to sending international students and international academic exchanges. The proposed degree system has China characteristics: First, we must adhere to the socialist orientation. We should promote the growth of "red and specialized" senior professionals through the degree system, and ask different degree applicants to support the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and the socialist system. Second, we must emphasize the principle of combining theory with practice. Degree applicants at all levels should not only reach a considerable academic level in the basic theory and expertise of this subject, but also have the corresponding ability to solve practical problems, and neither of them can be neglected. Third, we must implement the principle of quality first, and our country’s degree system should be worthy of the name.

From July 26th to August 2nd, 1981, the first meeting of the Discipline Appraisal Committee of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee awarded 805 doctoral programs in China, which could instruct 1,143 doctoral tutors. There are 2,957 professional programs that award master’s degrees. ［16］（p.460）

Seven, Deng Xiaoping proposed to send students abroad.

On August 8, 1977, Deng Xiaoping presided over the symposium on science and education, and put forward the idea of sending people to study abroad for the first time. ［11］（p.179）

On June 22, 1978, Deng Xiaoping Tong Fangyi, Jiang Nanxiang, Liu Xiyao, etc. talked and suggested that it is worthwhile to spend more money on increasing the number of overseas students. This is one of the important ways to achieve quick results in five years and improve China’s scientific level. [11] (P.331) reflects Deng Xiaoping’s strategic vision of cultivating high-end talents.

On July 10th, Deng Xiaoping met with Frank Press, Science and Technology Advisor to the President of the United States and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. Press hopes that this trip will lay the foundation for China and the United States to sign agreements on agricultural exchanges, space technology and exchanges between international students and scholars, and he also suggests to Deng Xiaoping that China send 20-30 students to study in the United States. To Press’s complete surprise, Deng Xiaoping suggested that the United States accept 700 science students from China, and the goal in the next few years is tens of thousands. Press immediately called President Carter, woke him up from his sleep at 3 am, and asked him to approve China to send 700 students to study in the United States, and more students would be welcome in the next few years. Later, Carter readily agreed to the Chinese request. ［18］

On August 4th, the Ministry of Education issued a notice according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In 1978, the number of overseas students (including college students, advanced students and graduate students) increased to more than 3,000, mainly for studying science and engineering (including agriculture and medicine) related majors. [16] (p.142) On August 20th, Deng Xiaoping approved the Ministry of Education’s "Several Instructions on Sending Overseas Students", and agreed to send 3,000 overseas students in 1978, with the focus on advanced students and graduate students. ［11］（p.354）

At the end of August, the People’s Letters Summary reported that a student from Shanghai Hongkou Model Middle School requested to study in Japan at his own expense. Deng Xiaoping agreed to Fang Yi’s "permission" reply. [11] (P.365) So far, the way of studying abroad at one’s own expense has been opened.

In the second half of 1978, the first batch of international students from China arrived in the United States. In 1979, there were 1025 international students studying in the United States. By 1984, the number of international students had reached 14,000, two thirds of whom were studying physics, medicine and engineering. Peking University and Tsinghua University are even called "preparatory schools" for public science students studying in the United States. ［18］（p.128）

On July 16th, 1982, the State Council approved the Regulations of the Ministry of Education and other departments on studying abroad at one’s own expense, and put forward that studying abroad at one’s own expense is a channel for cultivating talents. [16] (pp.556-557) Since then, studying abroad at one’s own expense has gradually developed into the main channel for studying abroad.

Eight, Deng Xiaoping agreed to establish a postdoctoral mobile station system to cultivate high-end talents.

On May 21st, 1985, Deng Xiaoping met with Professor Li Zhengdao and his wife to exchange views on developing science and training talents. Li Zhengdao suggested to Deng Xiaoping that in order to create a favorable condition for China’s overseas researchers to return to work, more than a dozen post-doctoral mobile stations could be established as a pilot. This time, when Li Zhengdao made a presentation to Deng Xiaoping, Deng Xiaoping also specifically asked, "Why should we train postdoctoral doctors?"? When Li Zhengdao explained it, Deng Xiaoping agreed. He said: "Postdoctoral is a new thing and a new term to me. It is the first time I heard that … setting up a postdoctoral mobile station is a new method, which is very good. Combine training with use, cultivate in use, and find more advanced talents in training and use. There are too few ten postdoctoral mobile stations, and it is necessary to establish hundreds of mobile stations and become a system. " ［19］

In July 1985, China began to implement the postdoctoral system. This shows that overseas Chinese have played an important role in promoting the establishment of a modern education system in China. Deng Xiaoping’s decision has greatly promoted the establishment of high-level talent training system in China, which is a typical case of institutional change in the process of economic system reform in China.

In 1985, there were only 102 postdoctoral mobile stations in China, and by 2013, it had reached 2703. From 1985 to 2013, a total of 70,289 people left the station.

IX. Summary: Long-term Bonus of Human Capital Decision in Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping has made two important decisions on the enrollment method of colleges and universities. The first time was on June 13th, 1966. On the instructions of Mao Zedong, he and Liu Shaoqi made a decision to postpone the enrollment of colleges and universities for half a year, and proposed to reform the enrollment examination method of colleges and universities. The second time was in September 1977, after a lapse of 11 years, Deng Xiaoping pushed through the crowd, changed the original enrollment plan in 1977, postponed the enrollment of colleges and universities for half a year again, and formally proposed to Hua Guofeng and other The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) to restore the higher education examination system, which was officially approved by the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee (October 5, 1977).

The two decision-making processes have different historical backgrounds and decision-making mechanisms, so there are two different decision-making results, which also reflect the learning process of decision-makers in China, including the understanding and summary of success and failure, right and wrong. As far as Deng Xiaoping is concerned, the first decision was passive, and the second was active. Without decision-making mistakes, there is no decision-making cost. Without decision-making cost, it is difficult to reach a political consensus and make a correct decision quickly.

As early as May 1977, in view of education and science and technology, which were the hardest hit areas of the "Cultural Revolution", Deng Xiaoping once imagined that after his comeback, he would pay great attention to education. We will achieve small results in five years, great results in 10 years, and great results in 15 years and 20 years. [12] It is clear that Deng Xiaoping is not only a great politician, but also a great strategist. He made a series of human capital investment decisions, such as resuming the college entrance examination, recruiting graduate students, establishing a degree system, promoting studying abroad, and setting up postdoctoral mobile stations, which are long-term and strategic decisions, and have produced long-term human capital dividends, which in turn have profoundly affected the process of reform, opening up and socialist modernization in China.

This long-term human capital dividend is as follows (see the table on the next page): compared with 1978, 2013 is equivalent to 28.8 times the number of students in colleges and universities in 1978, 164.1 times the number of graduate students and 481.3 times the number of students studying abroad. In addition, the author estimates that the gross enrollment rate of China University was only about 0.5% in the early 1970s, less than 1% in 1978, and reached 34.5% in 2013. That is to say, according to the gross enrollment rate of universities, in 2013, the chances of college-age population in China being admitted to universities were more than 30 times that of 1978 and more than 60 times that of the early 1970s. Compared with the United States, in 1980, the number of students in colleges and universities in China was only 1.6% of that in the United States (10.475 million). By 2005, China surpassed the United States, and by 2009, China was equivalent to 122% of that in the United States. In 1980, the number of graduate students in China (21,600) was only 1.6% of that in the United States (1,343,000); in 2007, China (1,195,000) was 52.1% of that in the United States (2,294,000); in 2013, China reached 1,790,000; it is estimated that China will surpass the United States around 2015.

This all stems from Deng Xiaoping’s strategic conception, which has not returned in May 1977. We are not only grateful to Deng Xiaoping, but also want to learn from Deng Xiaoping. As the Supreme Leader said when commemorating the 110th anniversary of Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s birth, "We should learn from his far-sighted strategic thinking when commemorating Comrade Deng Xiaoping", "We have gained insight into the development trend at home and abroad and made a series of major strategic decisions concerning the long-term development of the cause of the party and the state and the future and destiny of socialism". ［20］

Deng Xiaoping’s decision on human capital investment is the most typical successful case. His far-sighted strategic thinking has not only become a long-term dividend for China’s human capital investment, but also the most precious political wealth for future generations.

Source: Compilation of Statistical Data of 60 Years in New China, China Statistics Publishing House, 2010, pp. 72-75; Statistical Abstract of China in 2014, China Statistics Publishing House, 2014, pp. 153-154.

Note: The two sets of data compared between 2013 and 1978 are calculated by the author according to the above data.

[Reference]

[1] Hu Angang: "China: Towards the 21st Century", China Environmental Science Press, 1991, pp. 174, 180 and 183.

[2] China Statistical Yearbook 1984, China Statistics Publishing House, 1984, p. 484.

[3] Hu Angang, Wang Hongchuan and Yan Yilong: Modernization of China: Human Resources and Education (1949 ~ 2030), Research on Education Development, No.1, 2015.

[4] "Selected Important Documents Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China" Volume 1, Central Literature Publishing House, 1992, p. 11.

[5] History of People’s Republic of China (PRC), Higher Education Press and People’s Publishing House, 2013, p. 173.

[6] Biography of Mao Zedong (1949 ~ 1976) Volume II, Central Literature Publishing House, 2003, p. 1404.

[7] Mao Zedong Manuscripts Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, Volume 11, Central Literature Publishing House, 1996, p. 96.

[8] Chronicle of Mao Zedong (1949 ~ 1976), Volume 5, Central Literature Publishing House, 2013, p. 593.

[9] He Dongchang, editor-in-chief: "Important Educational Literature in People’s Republic of China (PRC) (1949 ~ 1997)", Hainan Publishing House, 1998, p. 1403.

[10] World Bank Economic Mission: "China: Development of Socialist Economy", China Financial and Economic Press, 1983, p. 92.

[11] The Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975 ~ 1997), Central Literature Publishing House, 227.

[12] Gu Weiming: "The initial brewing of the resumption of the college entrance examination system in 1977", "Research on Contemporary China History" No.5, 2003.

[13] Yang Shengqun and Chen Jin, editor-in-chief: "Historical Turning Point 1977 ~ 1978", Life, Reading and Knowledge Joint Publishing Company, 2009, p. 49.

［14］? Yearbook of Deng Xiaoping Thought (1975 ~ 1997), Central Literature Publishing House, 2011, p. 59.

[15] Zhang Shujun and Gao Xinmin, editor-in-chief: Historical Archives of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China Economic Publishing House, 1998, p. 412.

[16] Xu Dashen, editor-in-chief: "A Record of People’s Republic of China (PRC)" Volume 4, Jilin People’s Publishing House, 1994, p. 57.

[17] Party History Research Office of the CPC Central Committee, China National Museum: Historical Records of People’s Republic of China (PRC), Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2009,Page 361.

[18] [America] Fu Gaoyi: "Deng Xiaoping and China’s Opening to the Outside World: Sino-US Relations from 1977 to 1979", edited by Zhu Jiamu: "Contemporary China"And its Development Path —— Proceedings of the Second International Forum on Contemporary China History, Contemporary China Press, 2010, p.Page 127.

[19] Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975 ~ 1997), Central Literature Publishing House, 2004, p. 976.

[20] Supreme Leader: Speech at the Symposium to Commemorate the 110th Anniversary of Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s Birth (August 20, 2014), People’s Daily.August 21, 2014.

[Author] Hu Angang, Professor, School of Public Administration, Tsinghua University.

　Source of the article: Research on Contemporary China History

Speaking of Gree, what’s your first impression?

Is it Dong Mingzhu’s stubborn face that comes to mind, or is it the bullish slogan of "mastering core technology" ringing in your ears, or is it the memory of the gambling contract between Miss Dong and Lei Jun that was all the rage?

Dong Mingzhu

Although in the public’s impression, "Gree" seems to be an inseparable whole with air conditioning and Dong Mingzhu, what you don’t know is that in fact, all behind the word "Gree" is not just air conditioning, nor just Dong Mingzhu, but three different "Gree":Gree Electric, gree real estate and Gree Group..

Today, because Gree Electric is the most famous city, people only know Gree Electric, but don’t know gree real estate and Gree Group. At present, there is almost no direct relationship between them except sharing the name and trademark of Gree. But time goes back 10 years, and the three are really a family.Simply put, Gree Electric and gree real estate were born out of Gree Group in the early days.

Gree group office building

Gree group

Gree Group is a 100% state-owned enterprise. According to public information, Gree Group was formerly known as Zhuhai Special Zone Industrial Development Corporation, which was established in 1985. At that time, the Industrial Development Corporation of the Special Economic Zone had two major companies, Zhuhai Special Economic Zone Guanxiong Plastic Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Haili Air Conditioner Factory.

In 1990, with the approval of Zhuhai Municipal People’s Government, Gree Group was established. Its original name was Zhuhai Gree Group Company, with a registered capital of 1 million yuan, and the enterprise was collectively owned.

At the beginning of its establishment, Gree Group mainly engaged in trade, not air conditioning as we are familiar with. In 1991, Gree Group merged Zhuhai Special Economic Zone Guanxiong Plastic Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Haili Air Conditioner Factory and renamed it Gree Air Conditioner Factory, which is the predecessor of Gree Electric. Later, in order to develop Zhuhai Beiling Industrial Zone, Gree Group successively established Zhuhai Gree Real Estate Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Gree Real Estate Co., Ltd., which is the predecessor of gree real estate.

In 1992, Gree Group increased its registered capital to 170 million yuan, and it has 14 directly affiliated enterprises and 18 other joint ventures, including Gree Air Conditioning Factory and Gree Real Estate. At this time, Gree Group has basically formed the embryonic form of air conditioning and real estate.

In 2009, Gree Group was restructured into a limited liability company (wholly state-owned) and its name was changed to Zhuhai Gree Group Co., Ltd..

Gree Electric head office

gree electric appliances

After the merger of Guanxiong Plastic Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Haili Air Conditioner Factory, the newly established Gree Electric is still an unknown small factory with only a crude production line with an annual output of only 20,000 window air conditioners. At that time, the chairman of Gree Electric was not Dong Mingzhu but Zhu Jianghong, and Dong Mingzhu was the business manager of East China. Under the leadership of Zhu Jianghong, Gree Electric has developed a series of marketable products, seized the market opportunities and initially established the brand image of Gree.

Subsequently, Gree Electric began to focus on quality, put forward the quality policy of "producing excellent products, creating famous brands, achieving scale and creating world-class level", implemented the "excellent product strategy", established and improved the quality management system, issued the "Twelve Banners for General Managers" and implemented the "Zero Defect Project". After several years of paying close attention to quality work, Gree products have achieved a qualitative leap in quality, laid the competitive advantage of Gree products in quality, created a famous brand "Gree" and established a good reputation among consumers.

In 1994, Dong Mingzhu began to be in charge of sales. With the innovative marketing model, the production and sales volume of Gree air conditioners jumped to the first place in the country in 1995. Subsequently, relying on Dong Mingzhu’s original "regional sales company" model, which is known as "a brand-new marketing model in the 21st century economic field", Gree Electric’s benefits have steadily increased year after year, and it stands out in the highly competitive home appliance industry.

In 1996, Gree Electric was successfully listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange. In 2004, Gree Electric acquired subsidiaries such as Zhuhai Lingda and Gree Electric, and began to lay out the upstream and downstream industrial chains of air conditioners.

The real turning point in Gree Electric occurred in 2019. This year, Zhuhai decided to deepen the mixed reform of Gree Electric and transfer the state-owned shares of Gree Electric by publicly soliciting the transferee. Subsequently, Zhuhai Mingjun Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership) led by Gao Ying and participated by Dong Mingzhu reached an agreement with Zhuhai SASAC, and Gree Group transferred 15% of its shares in Gree Electric to Zhuhai Mingjun at a price of 46.17 yuan/share.

Gaoying Capital Zhang Lei

After the completion of this transaction, Gree Group only holds 3.22% equity of Gree Electric, becoming an insignificant minority shareholder and Gree Electric becoming a listed company without actual controller. On the surface, Gao Yin became the major shareholder of Gree Electric, but in essence, Dong Mingzhu became the veritable "queen" of Gree Electric.

Gree Electric is no longer a state-controlled enterprise.

Gree real estate

Gree real estate

As one of the two listed entities under Gree Group, gree real estate’s origin can be traced back to the development of Zhuhai Beiling Industrial Zone by Gree Group.

Gree real estate’s core companies are Zhuhai Gree Real Estate Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Gree Zhisheng Real Estate Co., Ltd., which are mainly responsible for commercial real estate development under Gree Group.

As a listed company, gree real estate’s predecessor is actually Xi ‘an Haixing Modern Technology Co., Ltd., a company listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 1999. Its relationship with Gree originated from a backdoor listing in 2008.

On September 18th, 2008, the listed company Xi ‘an Haixing Modern Science and Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Gree Group carried out major asset restructuring through asset replacement and non-public offering. Gree Group replaced all assets of Xi ‘an Haixing with its 100% equity of Zhuhai Gree Real Estate Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Gree Zhisheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. except for retaining real estate and retaining liabilities.

In 2012, the company name was changed to "gree real estate Co., Ltd.", and gree real estate, as a listed company, officially appeared, and Gree Group was the major shareholder of gree real estate. However, the mother-child relationship between Gree Group and listed company gree real estate did not last long. In the same year, Dong Mingzhu became the chairman and legal representative of Gree Group.

In 2014, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Zhuhai requested Gree Group to inject 51.94% equity of gree real estate held by Gree Group into Zhuhai Investment, a wholly-owned company newly established by Zhuhai State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission. After the completion of the transaction, Zhuhai Investment replaced Gree Group as the major shareholder of gree real estate. Since then, Gree Group and gree real estate have officially parted ways.

Whose "Gree"?

On May 11th, 2022, according to CCTV financial news, when talking with Dong Mingzhu about the diversified development of Gree Electric, Dong Mingzhu said that she would never invest in finance and real estate, and said that gree real estate had nothing to do with her at all. Dong Mingzhu also said that gree real estate’s use of the Gree trademark did harm to Gree Electric.

It is not entirely true that Dong Mingzhu said that gree real estate had nothing to do with her. At least in 2012 -2014, gree real estate was an important holding company of Gree Group, and Dong Mingzhu, as the chairman and legal representative of Gree Group, definitely participated in the operation and management of important subsidiaries. Gree Electric, as the brother company of gree real estate, is at least related. Of course, after gree real estate and Gree Electric were stripped off successively, Gree Group, Gree Electric and gree real estate became almost completely independent subjects. Gree Group and gree real estate remain state-owned, while Gree Electric has become a real private enterprise.

The only connection between the three seems to be the trademark "Gree". Dong Mingzhu tucao gree real estate used Gree trademark to hurt Gree Electric, which is also the reason.

"Gree" trademark

According to the public inquiry information, at present, the applicants for both "GREE" and "GREE" trademarks are Gree Electric. However, based on the relationship among the three parties, in fact, GREE Group and gree real estate still use "Gree" and "GREE" at the name or font size level. I believe there are arrangements for trademark authorization among the three parties.

However, after the separation from gree real estate and Gree, Gree Group, the former Zhuhai State-owned No.1, gradually turned to be plain and ordinary, and transformed into a state-owned platform company with little characteristics. The main business scope has also become industrial investment, engineering construction, urban renewal and urban operation, which are similar to most state-owned platforms in China. However, for the Zhuhai government, the cash of 40 billion yuan from the sale of Gree Electric is undoubtedly sufficient ammunition for the development of other industries.

　　() The Record Form of Investor Relations Activities was released on October 30, and the company was investigated by 65 institutions on October 26, 2023. The types of institutions are QFII, insurance companies, others, fund companies, overseas institutions, securities companies and Sunshine private equity institutions. The main contents of investor relations activities are introduced:

　　Q: How much did the performance change in the third quarter contribute from this volume and price point of view?

　　A: Judging from the sales in the third quarter, it is basically the same as that in the second quarter. However, from the perspective of gross profit margin, there was an improvement in the third quarter, which came from the shipment of some unconventional products with high gross profit margin, so the level of gross profit margin was raised. In fact, the overall gross profit margin of conventional products was not significantly increased.

　　Q: Compared with Q2 in a single quarter, Q3′ s revenue is basically the same, but the gross profit is actually higher and the net profit is lower. What are the main expenses? Explain roughly?

　　A: The cost has increased by about 30 million yuan, mainly because the first one is doing R&D enhancement, and the R&D cost is about 17 million yuan higher, which is mainly due to the new streaming in the third quarter compared with the second quarter, and other new R&D expenses; In addition, the financial cost of more than 10 million yuan is mainly due to the interest payment of convertible bonds in the third quarter, and there is no such project in the second quarter.

　　Q: What is the current proportion of major customers and the subsequent trend of concentration?

　　A: In fact, the proportion of big customers in our revenue has gradually declined since the beginning of this year. There are two factors influencing this trend in the future: first, we are trying to explore new customers, and the increase of new customers will gradually reduce the proportion of big customers, which is a factor leading to the decline; In the second aspect, the innovative business of large customers is growing at a high speed outside the traditional business. In this respect, the company cooperates with large customers to expand various product lines, which will lead to an increase in the proportion of large customers. These two factors will offset each other. As for the change trend of concentration in the future, it depends on which of these two factors develops faster.

　　Q: What is the approximate planning rhythm for the follow-up new products of special product lines?

　　A: First, in some new industrial application directions, such as industrial vision and robot planning. Second, with the progress of the times, including the improvement of AI ISP technology, new technological progress has brought about product change trends, such as low power consumption, multi-purpose, AI codec and other emerging technologies, which are all new directions, and new technological changes will bring various terminal innovations.

　　Q: What do you think of the future development trend of the machine vision chip market, including the overall competition pattern now?

　　A: Machine vision is divided into two parts, one is industrial vision, which will come soon. We think it is a blue ocean from 0 to 1. At present, this stage is a replacement process of ASIC chip to FPGA, a general chip. When this replacement process happened, there were no competitors, and the threshold for entry was very high. It required not only the chip itself, but also the chip design company and the whole machine factory. Only when the customer has enough coverage and done enough projects can he put forward the demand for better ASIC chips. The ASIC chip with corresponding definition can face all kinds of scenarios. In the short term, this piece mainly depends on the expansion speed of ASIC chip scheme and our own research and development speed. At present, the robot is a promising field. At present, all kinds of robot products are in full bloom, but now we are doing intensive research on whether there is a special visual chip for robots that everyone can use. For example, industrial robots that can lift heavy things, such as lighter and smarter cooperative robots, such as handling in warehouses, your life in hotels, and the humanoid that everyone likes best, have different needs in various scenarios. What we are doing now is to first see if our existing chips, such as the one in the big model, can cooperate in this scenario. This is the first step, and if it can, it will be the fastest. The second is to make a trade-off for the new robot-specific chip. There are so many complicated scenes.So many complicated tasks, extract the greatest common divisor, estimate the number, think about the new chip product definition according to their greatest common divisor, and strive to make a universal visual chip that can adapt to all kinds of robots. At present, the market is very new, and the competition pattern is actually faster than anyone else, and this is a very high threshold, so it is not easy for anyone to enter this stadium.

　　Q: At present, what is the proportion of revenue in the first three quarters according to the downstream business areas?

　　A: Actually, it is still similar to the semi-annual report at present, which is about 75% for special purpose, 15% for general consumption and 10% for automobiles.

　　Q: Looking at the fourth quarter, should the approximate revenue share still be at this level?

　　A: Basically.

　　Q: What is the order situation in the fourth quarter at present?

　　A: Sales were relatively stable this quarter. Next year, the conference call of major customers will convey their ideas, that is, in PBG, the project started slowly due to financial pressure, but now, after many special bonds are issued, the funds will be in place and the project will start faster, and next year will be more promising. This is a special field; After the fourth quarter, including the consumer market situation next year, one is the demand recovery factor brought about by economic stabilization, and the other is that product innovation and technological innovation may have relatively high growth. Next year, you can look a little more optimistic.

　　Q: From the perspective of gross profit margin, look forward to the trend behind our gross profit margin.

　　A: Looking back, the gross profit should be a gradual recovery process, and then it should be gradually improved. As for the speed, we should observe the market.

　　Q: Are there any differences in product layout and industry positioning between the eyes core and friends we acquired?

　　A: First, let me introduce the Eye Core team. They used to make mobile phone SoC, and the shipment volume is very large. Generally speaking, the complexity of mobile phone SoC is basically the highest among chips at present, and it may take 40 to 50 functional modules to sum up. Therefore, the products are fully technical reserves based on their previous capabilities. What Eye Core is doing now are some high-end products. For example, the 8K NVR in our exhibition this time, the picture is very clear, the positioning is relatively cutting-edge, and the team goal is to specialize in industry-leading innovative products. It is not convenient for friends to evaluate more. At present, they are still in the stage of ensuring sales, so the positioning may still be a little different.

　　Q: Are we still talking about the wafer price? Is there room for further discussion?

　　A: Actually, we are also talking about it. The whole industry is relatively consistent. We focus on mature production capacity, and the production capacity is basically not a problem now. In terms of price, the price of Taiwan Province’s fabs is still relatively firm, while that of mainland fabs has been lowered. So far, the price of next year is predicted in this direction of relative stability. As for whether it will be lowered at that time, it is certain that there will be a clear result until Q1 next year.

　　Q: Is it convenient to introduce the current proportion of 28nm, 22nm and 12nm processes?

　　A: If the wavelength is 22 nm or 28nm, it is the same process node for us, that is, a relatively mature process. Our products are mainly based on mature processes, and the 12nm process is a new product, and the relative proportion is not too high.

　　Q: What is the inventory level of the company now? Industry situation?

　　A: Fuhanwei’s inventory has been very low in this round of down cycle, and it is even lower in the third quarter. The inventory of friends is probably still relatively high. Inventory differences also reflect the competitiveness of our products. There may be some differentiation among different enterprises in the subsequent development, and our situation may be optimistic. There are some new technological innovations in the industry. When the technological innovations are promoted widely enough, the pressure on old products is relatively high. Those old chips that have been in high inventory for a long time may have more and more limited competitiveness, which may bring inventory pressure and the like. This is the industry. However, on the whole, the industry inventory should be gradually removed.

　　Q: If the inventory of friends is relatively high, will it be cleared in the market, which will affect our overall price gross profit margin?

　　A: Actually, it happened last year, and it didn’t happen until the industry cycle reached this point. The chip is a product somewhat similar to fashion, and it may not be sold after it is out of date. But now a new wave of technological innovation in the industry is coming again. When new things come out, it is likely that outdated fashion will be on sale and no one will want it.

　　Q: If we look at the follow-up, the inventory level in the whole industry should still go down, and then the water level here is basically normal now?

　　A: As far as the normal level of our company is concerned, if we compare the industry horizontally, it is actually a very low level of the industry. In the future, if the inventory of Fuhanwei rises, it is not that the product backlog is not easy to sell, but that the company will predict the price increase of some raw materials and make some reserves in advance. Now the inventory is low to a certain extent. If we go up again, it is because the company actively increases the stock of some raw materials that may increase in price. In fact, the overall expectation for next year is quite optimistic. As we said, KGD may have the pressure of rising prices, so we may make some arrangements in advance.

　　Q: The operating cash flow in the third quarterly report is still quite good, mainly because the overall payment of product sales is better?

　　A: The products are easier to sell, the customer quality is higher, and the payment is normal.

　　Q: What about the overall impact of CMS chip and its progress?

　　A: CMS regulations were implemented on July 1, and now a small number of fastest-moving car manufacturers have introduced CMS models. When pushing, it is usually for young people’s models. At present, several models are gradually introduced. CMS is divided into two parts. The first one, which is outside the cabin and looks like two small eyes, is called electronic rearview mirror. There is also a car cabin, which splicing the images of electronic rearview mirrors into a complete image, called streaming media rearview mirror. Their pace of innovation is usually conservative, and car manufacturers usually stream media first, and then electronic rearview mirrors. The current progress is probably like this. Domestic streaming media rearview mirrors will have higher requirements, such as removing the headlights to highlight the reflection, zooming the image, shifting the image to the dead angle, etc. These functions all require higher chip solutions. At present, the company’s solutions should be relatively advanced in the industry, and some functions are unique to us. Basically, we are equipped with CMS models now, and if we use domestic chips, the high probability is ours.

　　Q: What is the overall progress of the vehicle code certification?

　　Answer: At the same time, do two car code certifications. The first one is functional safety ISO26262. If it is fast, it will be completed within this year. Another information security ISO21434 will be next year.

　　Q: What is the overall progress of DMS/OMS?

　　A: The market share of DMS/OMS is already relatively high, so it still depends on the improvement of the penetration rate of the whole market. According to the data of 22 years, the penetration rate of DMS is 2%~3%, and the penetration rate of OMS is lower. So what we are waiting for is an increase of 10 times the permeability. Looking around here, we have achieved some results this year. At present, many car manufacturers have started to ship in small quantities, and we expect to release a large number next year.

　　Q: Who are the major customers downstream of the on-board chips now?

　　A: We are considered as second-tier suppliers. We are mainly in contact with first-tier suppliers. First-tier suppliers are the innovative business of big customers’ cars and other automakers. As long as they have heard of brands in the market, they have basically reached them.

　　Q: Will the company continue to do equity incentives in the future, and will it consider repurchase?

　　A: Fu Hanwei is still in the stage of capital operation, and many things may come step by step, which is the first. The second equity incentive is very important for chip design enterprises. When it is done, it depends not only on whether it is suitable for the external environment, but also on whether it is suitable for the internal environment. It needs to wait until the time is ripe. Buy-back is actually an option that we have been paying attention to. The attitude of the company is open, and we have not said that we will definitely not do it, but we may have to wait for a mature opportunity.

　　Q: Will the return of friends affect the shipment of high-end XVR products?

　　A: For the high-end XVR, our 8K NVR has been shipped since the third quarter of last year, and it has reached millions, which can be said to be very good. At present, Fuhanwei may be a leader in the industry. In this area, we are not afraid of our competitors, but it is a goal that competitors need to surpass. Friends and businessmen are not convenient to evaluate.

　　Q: What’s the current progress on our MiPi APHY side? When is it expected to be? There will even be a rhythm of quantity?

　　A: It is progressing smoothly, and then MiPi APHY is regarded as a technological revolution in the field of vehicle transmission. We need to wait for a breakthrough opportunity, which head manufacturer may start to fully introduce this solution, and then everyone will follow up.

　　Q: In terms of specific parameters, what is its speed?

　　A: Theoretically, the faster data can reach 48G, and the commonly used serdes rate is 3G at present. But is it necessary to set the specification very high, and whether the customer will accept this price or not? All these need to be explored step by step in the subsequent development of this industry.

　　Q: Other companies that invest in this car serdes side may achieve, for example, 6-8 G’s, and even some companies seem to have 10 G’s. Compared with such a data, will the company’s current product planning, such as launching the first generation of products, be within such a data range?

　　A: At present, the fastest serdes of Maxim is six G’s. I don’t think it must be faster than it before I can use it. The technical parameters at the time of design need to be mass-produced before we know whether they can really be achieved. Many times, the final market acceptance of a chip should not only have a leading position in technical scheme, but also have a market acceptance, which should be viewed comprehensively.

　　Q: In the field of edge intelligence, such as consumption scenes or industrial scenes, will we have new application directions now?

　　A: Looking at the specific application scenarios from the edge, in the traditional scenario, because the downstream manufacturers are already very concentrated, once their supplier structure is determined, whoever has the advantage now will have the advantage in the future. Another consumer category, such as large models, is an electronic device with a slightly more expensive unit price at present, and may have the ability to increase large models in the future. At present, the company has invested heavily in the introduction of embedded teams and has begun to do Android solutions. In the future, Fuhanwei’s products will not only be used in traditional special fields, but also be used on all kinds of consumer Android devices, which will be a huge increment for us. In the future, we think there will be a lot of things on the edge. Under the current circumstances, the company has entered an Android market that it did not do before. This market may be much larger than our previous consumer market.

　　Q: Do you want to split the gross profit margin according to different product lines?

　　A: Generally speaking, because of the high threshold, the gross profit of the special category will be higher, the threshold of the consumer category will be lower, and there will be more competitors. Usually, the gross profit margin will be slightly lower, and the requirements of the car regulations will be higher. Then the threshold will be higher when producing, and the gross profit margin will be relatively higher. In short, at present, it may be that the car regulations are relatively high, the special ones are relatively high, and then the general ones are slightly lower than them.

　　Q: Should the gross profit of these product lines be relatively stable in the future?

　　A: Yes, because it mainly depends on the upstream and downstream structures, including the car and the dedicated one. The upstream and downstream structures are actually relatively stable, so the pattern is relatively stable. Although there are many people who are doing this piece of consumption at present, it is scattered, but we think that in the future, according to the scale effect of economic law, an oligopoly market will eventually be formed, but its market concentration is not as cruel as that in the special market, so only two or three companies may survive, and there may be more participants in consumption, but the pattern will still be stronger.

　　Q: This year as a whole, does the plan for the fourth quarter include the expansion plan of the R&D personnel company?

　　A: In fact, we have begun to do a counter-cyclical expansion within our power. For example, in addition to the cost of film streaming, the R&D expenses increased significantly in the third quarter, as well as the cost of R&D reserves and the expansion of R&D personnel. We are now vigorously recruiting experts. As long as you are talented, welcome to Fuhanwei, and the treatment space is not capped. We will continue to expand enrollment when the cash flow is good, the financial situation is good and the business situation is good.

　　Q: What is the impact of the big model?

　　A: It is expected that the equipment with a slightly higher unit price will have the ability to connect with a large model in the future. We are trying to promote the chip scheme of China Unicom’s large model FH8898 to various terminal manufacturers. Although the final product form, whether it will be a large model of a learning machine or a large model of a home robot will sell well, it is not known at present, but we will try our best to reach out to these customers and find out whether the existing chip and the existing scheme can cooperate well. This piece is a very big opportunity for us, and it is a cheap and good chip according to the shipment volume. So in the whole consumer market, we are a very strong competitor.

　　Q: What do you think of the trend of general products in the future?

　　A: There is a functional requirement called always online, which reflects the low power consumption in technology. This is a trend, which requires high design ability and even higher definition ability. The second AI technology is deeply penetrated. One of our more eye-catching products this year is AI ISP products. Under the Lux of 0.02, people’s eyes are all black, but AI ISP imaging is very clear. With the passage of time in the future, this function may be available on a better camera. Therefore, we are now in an era of new technological innovation. Recently, it has been observed that people like to use multi-eye stitching. At present, we have also introduced a camera called 2+1 at the exhibition. Its display effect can see a wide angle of view of 180 degrees. At the same time, there is also a camera that can track the target. It will have three lenses on a device, but it can be done with only one chip. This is the innovation of the product. Including we also showed an acoustic camera, which can quickly locate the sound position when talking in the environment, and focus the direction of that radio on your side and so on. There will be a lot of small product innovations in this area. The functional and trend things that were big before, such as low power consumption, always-on, AI penetration and so on, are the big directions.

　　Q: What are our product layout and future development ideas for special products?

　　A: There are two special products, one is called traditional special products, and the back end has been mentioned to a relatively advanced level. According to the technological changes of the times, the front-end also gradually launched products at that stage, which is a traditional business; There is also a new business, such as industrial vision, robotics and so on, which we think is very exciting, because from 0 to 1, not everyone has the opportunity to catch up, just because we have accumulated before, met this era, and have good customer cooperation, so we will try our best to achieve good results in this respect;

　　Details of participating institutions are as follows:

The 2023 World Artificial Intelligence Conference was held in Shanghai from July 6 to 8. The main exhibition of the 50,000-square-meter Expo covers four sections: core technology, intelligent terminal, application empowerment and cutting-edge technology, involving large models, chips, robots, intelligent driving and other fields. There are over 400 exhibitors, over 50 excellent start-ups, and more than 30 new products are exhibited for the first time. The number of exhibitors and exhibition area are the highest in history.

Layout of the new track of the future industry, large models have appeared.

Enter the key words of the work in the computer, such as "thick painting, illustration, girl, cuteness", and then choose different painting styles, and you can generate a beautiful painting in just over ten seconds. During this World Artificial Intelligence Conference, the reporter experienced the first AI painting experience activity launched by Netease Fuxi, Shanghai Communist Youth League Committee and Donghao Lansheng. This technology relies on the picture generation model developed by Netease Fuxi-"Danqing", which is also a 100% domestic model.

Picture generation model "Danqing", courtesy of Netease Fuxi.

According to the staff, the large model is trained based on native Chinese corpus data and Netease’s own high-quality picture data. After strict text and picture review, the model has good Chinese understanding ability while ensuring data source compliance and generated content compliance, and the works created can better meet Chinese aesthetics. In addition, the big model also supports users to give multiple rounds of modification suggestions across multi-modes such as words and pictures until satisfactory picture effects are generated.

"The big model is not a fireworks show, but an advanced productive force. This wave of AGI revolution is a brand-new meta-revolution. The big model is of great significance for industrial development. With the big model, enterprises have ushered in a new opportunity and realized an’ end-to-end’ value realization. " On the 7th, Xiao Yanghua, director of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science and professor of Fudan University, co-hosted the theme forum "The Infinite Charm of AI Generation and Vertical Language Model" in Shanghai Pudong New Area Youth Federation, Daguan Data and Youkede.

The "Cao Zhi" big model of philosophical data was released. View data for the picture

At the forum, Chen Yunwen, Chairman and CEO of Daguan Data, officially released the "Cao Zhi" model of Daguan Data. As a vertically specialized large-scale domestic language model, this large model has the characteristics of long text, verticalization and multilingual. By connecting multiple models and knowledge maps in parallel, it supports the functions of automatic writing and multilingual translation of long texts in multiple languages, and enables all-round scenarios such as long document writing, machine translation, semantic analysis review, knowledge question and answer, text-to-SQL, etc., and can be deeply optimized and customized according to the needs of copywriting in different industries and fields. Whether in finance, government affairs or industry, Cao Zhida model can provide accurate and effective solutions for copywriting.

As a domestic strategic partner of Cao Zhi’s big model, UCloud’s AIGC computing base also made a wonderful appearance. Benjurry Ben, Chairman and CEO of UCloud, delivered a keynote speech on "Neutral and Secure Cloud Computing Helps the Development of Big Model", introducing its technical products, engineering capabilities and ecological construction in the field of AIGC.

The panoramic view of Youke AIGC solution made a wonderful appearance. You ke de gong tu

Youke’s AIGC solution panorama, which was unveiled this time, has launched a series of products and solutions covering data centers, computing platforms, management platforms, network services, application services and ecological interfaces through profound technical accumulation and comprehensive system engineering capabilities. The open, secure and customized AIGC solution allows customers to utilize existing server resources, and enjoy the flexible expansion of public cloud conveniently, so as to reduce costs and increase efficiency at the IT level. And through the data center hosting area, it can provide users with exclusive cabinets, servers, networks and storage resources that are completely physically isolated. Combined with complete security schemes and expert services, it ensures the smooth operation of users’ large models.

Benjurry Ben said that he will continue to explore the greater development prospects and broader development space of AIGC with the "Cao Zhi" big language model through the neutral and safe computing base. We will jointly improve the ability of enterprises to apply large models in privatization and promote the process of landing large models at the enterprise level.

Panoramic insight report of exhibitors at the 2023 World Artificial Intelligence Conference released by Digital Library Technology. Digital library technology for the picture

At this World Artificial Intelligence Conference, Database Technology released a brand-new conceptual product atlas-"ISTARI". The on-site staff introduced to the reporter that "istari" is a conceptual product that integrates UPG and large model exhibited at the conference of Digital Library Technology, and it is a new generation of industrial panoramic map platform that can present dialogue and interaction. Based on this small dialogue window, the data dimensions of industries and products and related companies are at your fingertips.

It is reported that the digital government solution is the main push of database technology, in which the industrial monitoring brain platform can carry out real-time monitoring and comparative analysis on industrial scale, industrial environment and other aspects, and through the multi-chain integration of supply chain, innovation chain, policy chain and talent chain, statistics and analysis of relevant upstream and downstream entities, policy orientation, etc., the business environment and investment and financing data can be integrated, and industrial ecological projection can be realized on the big screen through data visualization display. Assist policy implementation and project landing. At the same time, through the full-scene industrial map capability and big data mining analysis means, we will build a data base for investment promotion, empower nearly 50 investment promotion methods such as industrial chain investment promotion, enhance the full-scene data service capability of investment promotion, and vigorously promote the high-quality development of the industry.

Leo Liu, founder and CEO of Digital Database Technology, said at the "Smart Data Smart Way-Data Intelligence Forum" that since the establishment of industrial chain system by Digital Database Technology, enterprises have continuously upgraded iterative data products to better build industrial chain system and serve the real economy, and launched ——UPG(Universal Product Graph), an upgraded data product based on SAM industrial chain system. In the future, based on UPG unified product atlas system, all kinds of relationship lines will be further expanded, and finally the digital transformation will be effectively empowered.

Robot +AI: Towards a new era of embodied intelligence

At present, the industry generally believes that the next wave of artificial intelligence is embodied intelligence. As the carrier of artificial intelligence entering the physical world, embodied intelligence combines artificial intelligence technology with robot entities, giving the "brain" a body that can be controlled, perceived, interacted and acted, and bringing great convenience and benefits as an important partner and assistant of human beings.

At the opening ceremony of this World Artificial Intelligence Conference, a universal humanoid robot GR-1 released by Fu Liye Intelligent in the first show of major innovations has aroused widespread concern in the industry. The robot is 1.65 meters tall, weighs 55 kilograms, has 40 degrees of freedom, the maximum peak torque of joint module can reach 300NM, the walking speed can reach 5KM/h, and the load is 50 kilograms.

According to the staff, this robot has a highly bionic trunk configuration, anthropomorphic motion control, fast walking, agile obstacle avoidance, steady uphill and downhill, anti-impact interference and other motion functions, combined with cognitive intelligence, can cooperate with people to complete actions, and has great potential in many application scenarios such as industry, rehabilitation, home, scientific research and so on.

Fu Liye’s intelligent GR-1 universal humanoid robot debut. Fu Liye Intelligent Photo courtesy

As the next generation ontology of AI with body intelligence, humanoid robots are expected to lead AI into the "era of body intelligence", and will also promote the development of special robots to general robots. Gu Jie, founder of Fu Liye Intelligent, believes that, just like the development trend from desktop computers to personal computers to mobile phones, universal humanoid robots will gradually become the mainstream of the industry in the future. At present, the hardware foundation of universal humanoid robot is basically laid, and the application wave driven by large model is coming.

Unmanned loading robot. Photo courtesy of Netease Fuxi

"In the field of construction machinery, this unmanned loading robot can quickly adapt to different models, and can automatically perform actions such as moving, accelerating and decelerating, shoveling and unloading. The full bucket rate of shoveling operation is over 95%, and the residual rate of unloading hopper is below 5%. The shoveling efficiency is close to that of the master." In the exhibition area of artificial intelligence, the staff mentioned that this unmanned robot was jointly developed by Netease Fuxi and China Construction Eighth Bureau. It is a highly intelligent and fully automated main construction machinery based on the scene of mixing station.

"The concrete mixing station is the basic supply of the construction site, and it needs 24 hours of uninterrupted operation, and a lot of dust and particles will be generated during the operation. Therefore, mixing stations often face the problem of difficulty in recruiting workers. " The staff said that taking the mixing station with two machines and 180 units as an example, the standard configuration is 2 loaders +4 drivers. However, after the replacement of the unmanned loader, only one driver is needed to handle 1% of the special conditions, and the other 99% of the cases can realize the unmanned automatic feeding operation.

At present, the unmanned loading robot has been applied to the intelligent concrete mixing station of Hutong Railway, and batch delivery will be realized this year, so that construction workers can bid farewell to the dangerous working environment and achieve high safety and high quality work.

Accelerate the innovative application of AI in the industry and help achieve the goal of "double carbon"

How can artificial intelligence and big data technology help reduce carbon and promote high-quality development?

Q-Truck, 2023WAIC "Treasure of Town Hall". People’s Daily reporter Ge Junjun photo

Q-Truck, a driverless commercial vehicle with intelligent power exchange displayed by Xijing Technology, is the "treasure of town hall" in 2023WAIC. The staff introduced: "In terms of carbon reduction, after calculation, Q-Truck completely uses green electricity in actual production and operation scenarios, and bicycles can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 50 tons per year, which is equivalent to planting 4,545 trees per year by bicycles, and the annual planting area of bicycles is 113,400 square meters."

Q-Tractor。 Photo courtesy of Xijing Technology

This year, Xijing Technology’s new energy unmanned tractor Q-Tractor was launched in the world in 2023WAIC. This product can be adapted to multiple scenes such as airports, factories and logistics centers, with deeper scene interconnection, more humane driving experience, highly derivative application scenarios and higher-order automatic driving, and can be used in logistics transportation fields such as small cargo transportation and luggage traction. The maximum load of Q-Tractor is 40 tons, and it can realize all-weather transportation for 7×24 hours, which is more stable, smooth and convenient, with "zero pollution and no emission". The relevant person in charge of Xijing Technology expressed the hope that with the help of WAIC, we can help more users to effectively reduce the cost of global production factors and create a green, intelligent and resilient global smart logistics.

"Smart Help Double Carbon, Traces to Follow" 2023 Smart Trend Forum. Photo courtesy of Schneider Electric

At present, the digital economy has become an important pillar of national economic growth. How to accelerate the integration of digital and real industries and move towards green and low carbon with key technologies has become an important issue to achieve high-quality development. Zhang Lei, vice president of Schneider Electric and head of digital service business in China, said at the 2023 Smart Trend Forum: "Artificial intelligence technology is the driving force to promote the leap-forward development of science and technology, industrial optimization and upgrading, and the overall jump in productivity. However, under the general trend of digital integration, the key to the potential of new technologies such as AI lies in their industrialization and large-scale application."

In order to accelerate the innovative application of AI in the industry, Schneider Electric recently set up an AI innovation laboratory in Beijing, and the AI innovation laboratory in Shanghai will soon be established.

Zhang Lei said that in addition to advanced models and algorithms, the key value of AI technology lies in combining practical application scenarios to meet industrial needs. To this end, Schneider Electric is accelerating the creation of an incubator for AI innovation applications. Its AI Innovation Lab is committed to exploring the application innovation of "entity industry+technology ecology +AI" and exploring the application of AI technology in asset and process optimization, infrastructure management, demand management and new energy management, empowering the digitalization and sustainable development of major industries.

"Future car" is about to sail to the "fast lane" of commercialization.

Starting from Shentao Road, Jinqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shanghai, turn left to Jianqiao Road … The whole journey is 2.8 kilometers, which takes about 15 minutes. On July 8, during the 2023 World Artificial Intelligence Conference, the "Driver-free Intelligent Networked Car Show" in Shanghai Jinqiao Demonstration Zone was opening up the autopilot experience to the global audience.

This is the first time that the first batch of enterprises in Pudong New Area have obtained the "driver-free test license" to test their vehicles on the road. AutoX Antu and Neolithic Unmanned Vehicles became the first batch of "unmanned vehicles" enterprises to obtain the license for road test of driverless intelligent networked vehicles issued by Pudong New Area Government.

"Every car travels an average of 80-100 kilometers every day to conduct a safe driving test in driverless mode." Jinqiao, Pudong, Shanghai’s first self-driving open demonstration application road in the central city, has a wealth of application scenarios in the central city of super-large cities and has become the best testing ground for artificial intelligence technology. Lin Tailai, vice president of AutoX, said: "We need to realize the commercialization of completely driverless taxis in large urban areas on a large scale, reduce the cost of intelligent upgrading of automobiles through large-scale mass production, and realize the sustainable development of commercialization and marketization."

"In solving the’ last mile’ with the highest cost and lowest efficiency in logistics distribution, the cost reduction ratio of each unmanned delivery vehicle can reach more than 60%." Huang Hantao, director of the government affairs department of Neolithic Academia Sinica (Shanghai) Technology Co., Ltd. said: "After receiving the notice of innovative application test, we can speed up the test in Pudong and develop three business models: unmanned retail, unmanned distribution and unmanned urban service. I believe that in the future life scene, there will be more and more unmanned equipment like Neolithic unmanned vehicles on the road. "

　　Late autumn and early winter are high season for air pollution, but the winter in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in 2019 is far more "blue" than in previous years. Under this blue sky and white clouds, there is an important technology that is "escorting" to win the blue sky defense war, which is — — Atmospheric monitoring and early warning technology.

　　"Atmosphere ‘ Monitoring and early warning ’ Just like the laboratory in the hospital, it tells you carefully, accurately and clearly whether there is pollution in the atmosphere and how the whole pollution level is. " At the recent "air pollution monitoring, forecasting and early warning technology exchange meeting" held by China 21st Century Agenda Management Center, Liu Wenqing, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said that although the current average concentration of PM2.5 has dropped significantly, the "secondary pollution" represented by ozone and volatile organic compounds is constantly emerging, which challenges air monitoring and is also a difficult problem that must be overcome to win the blue sky defense war.

　　At the exchange meeting, experts including Zhang Yuanhang and Academician Liu Wenqing conducted in-depth discussions on the innovation and breakthrough of fine monitoring and early warning technology of air pollution in the "Special Project of Causes and Control Technology of Air Pollution" (hereinafter referred to as "Special Project of Air Pollution"). They believed that the internal cause of regional air quality regulation is emission, and the external cause is meteorology, and the control should focus on monitoring and emission reduction at the source.

　　Capturing the invisible "killer" of air pollution

　　Free radical, an active name, plays the role of "yin and yang teacher" in the prevention and control of air pollution.

　　On the one hand, it is the "scavenger" of atmospheric toxic substances, and the existence of free radicals constantly regulates the toxic components in the atmospheric environment, so that they cannot be aggregated. On the other hand, free radicals will oxidize with volatile organic compounds emitted by humans, and then react with nitrogen oxides to generate ozone and secondary organic aerosol, which play a "core" role in ozone pollution and particulate pollution.

　　A double-edged sword stands upright in the atmosphere. How should we examine it? The attitude given by the atmospheric expert group is objective and accurate, and the finer the better.

　　Accurate monitoring of free radicals is based on the changing trend of the current air pollution pattern. Li Xin, a researcher at Peking University Institute of Environment and the project leader of "On-line Measurement Technology of Atmospheric Free Radicals and Active Precursors", said in an interview with the Science and Technology Daily reporter that since the State Council promulgated the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in 2013 (referred to as "National Ten Articles"), various measures have significantly alleviated primary pollution such as PM2.5. However, from the chemical composition of particulate matter, secondary components (that is, the first ten articles), Moreover, the concentration level and over-standard rate of ozone generated by the chain reaction of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides under light conditions are also on the rise in major urban areas in China.

　　Free radicals are the indispensable "catalyst" in the above-mentioned "trade-off" pollutant transformation. Therefore, free radicals have become an important indicator to monitor the change of air pollution, and its concentration and activity have become a marker to measure the level of atmospheric oxidation in the eyes of Li Xin’s team.

　　Can free radicals be easily detected? Compared with conventional gaseous pollutants, the concentration of free radicals is very low. Li Xin introduced that the concentration standard of ozone in the atmosphere is 160μ G/m3 (microgram per cubic meter), and the converted concentration is 2×1012 cm-3 (molecule per cubic centimeter). However, the peak concentration level of hydroxyl radical (OH), which contributes the most to atmospheric oxidation, is only about 107cm-3 (molecule per cubic centimeter), which is equivalent to one hundred thousandth of the concentration of traditional gaseous pollutants. Moreover, the activity of free radicals is very strong, and the surface of OH radicals will be annihilated when it is touched by any substance, which means that it is in a state of change all the time, which makes it more difficult to detect free radicals.

　　In fact, the measurement of OH radicals has been studied since 1970s, and there are still some technical problems that have not been overcome until now. Li Xin’s team also adopts the internationally mature technical route — — The method of laser-induced fluorescence is that a laser beam hits the OH radical to stimulate the OH radical to release fluorescence, and the concentration of the OH radical can be judged by monitoring the intensity of the fluorescence signal.

　　The innovation of their method lies in making the laser measurement stable, accurate and accurate. Behind it is a set of self-designed measurement and feedback system, a series of conditional experiments and software simulations, and a self-built free radical concentration emitter & HELIP; … It is also the complete application of this technology and equipment that makes China the sixth country in the world to independently master this technology to capture the invisible "killer" — — Free radical country.

　　Monitoring ultra-fine particles from stationary pollution sources

　　With the introduction of the "National Ten Articles" and other policies, the emission standards of pollutants have become more and more strict. Nowadays, the atmospheric environment monitoring technology for fixed pollution sources has already entered the era of ultra-fine particle monitoring.

　　In the project report of Ding Yanjun, a professor in the Department of Energy and Power Engineering in Tsinghua University, the reporter saw that although the particulate emission detection equipment of stationary pollution sources such as thermal power plants in China and the world can monitor the ultra-low emission below 5mg/m3 (mg/m3) on line, it can only measure the total mass concentration of discharged smoke and dust, and cannot realize the high-precision on-line monitoring of the particle spectrum distribution of fine and ultrafine particles.

　　"The traditional one-way light particle optical scattering technology can only obtain one-dimensional optical information corresponding to the total mass concentration of smoke and dust, and when the environmental conditions change, the particle spectrum and refractive index of smoke and dust will change, which will affect the accuracy of the measurement results because it cannot perceive the change of smoke and dust characteristics." Ding Yanjun told the reporter that according to the scattering relationship between light waves and particulate matter, the project team used signal measurement and inversion signal processing algorithms to obtain PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 values in the smoke concentration, and finally realized the joint measurement of particle spectrum and mass concentration of fixed pollution sources.

　　It is noteworthy that the theoretical methods and key components obtained in this project have all been patented, among which the method of obtaining aerosol characteristics of scattered light signal and its application have been patented in PCT international invention, and both Japanese and American patents have been authorized.

　　For the monitoring of stationary pollution sources, in addition to sophisticated technical standards, there must also be pollutant monitoring technology that conforms to China’s actual working conditions.

　　Ding Yanjun told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the imported instruments, whether from the United States, Europe or Japan, can not meet the monitoring of ammonia escape in the flue gas of a large number of high-ash coal-fired units in China, because a large number of fly ash in the flue gas makes the measurement laser unable to penetrate and fail.

　　In view of this situation, the project team developed a high-precision, high-sensitivity, online-calibration in-situ sampling ammonia escape monitoring technology, which realized ammonia escape monitoring of flue gas denitrification in a large number of high-ash coal-fired units in China. In addition, in view of the latest research results of fly ash adsorbing a large amount of escaped ammonia, the online monitoring technology of ammonia adsorbed by fly ash in flue gas was first developed in the world, and the total amount of ammonia escaping from flue gas denitrification was successfully monitored.

　　"This will provide key technical support and guarantee for the comprehensive monitoring and strict control of ammonia escape from flue gas denitrification widely existing in China’s industrial process." Ding Yanjun said.

　　Exploring three-dimensional information of atmospheric boundary layer pollution

　　In the winter of 2018, a 15-day large-scale meteorological observation experiment spanning 2,000 kilometers was held as scheduled.

　　"This is a large-scale, multi-platform and multi-factor comprehensive observation experiment of air pollution." Hu Fei, a researcher in lasg, who is in charge of this experimental project, said that the purpose of this experiment is to obtain the three-dimensional information of air pollution distribution in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, especially the high-resolution vertical distribution and time evolution characteristics of air pollutants and meteorological elements in the atmospheric boundary layer.

　　The difficulty of the experiment lies in high-altitude detection and keeping watch over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, so it was named "Wangdu Experiment". Different from the monitoring technology of fixed pollution sources on the ground, "Wangdu Experiment" mainly aims at the deficiency of simultaneous joint detection of pollutants in the atmospheric boundary layer and the vertical structure of meteorological elements, and carries out comprehensive detection and technological breakthrough.

　　The reason is that the atmospheric boundary layer, which is 1-2 kilometers away from the ground, dominates the material and energy exchange between the earth and the atmosphere, and is the main place for human life and engineering activities, as well as the main place for air pollution and meteorological disasters. Hu Fei told reporters: "In such a high range, it is a concrete difficulty to achieve full coverage in space, complete elements in composition and continuity in time."

　　An air pollution monitoring experiment integrating ground and air was staged in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region — — A 32-meter-long, 1,800-cubic-meter-long large air boat floats at an altitude of 1,000 meters like a kite. The "King of the Air" plane travels through the air with equipment, and the lidar conducts navigation observation with Beijing as the center, and a number of ground observation stations in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei also implement synchronous collaborative observation & HELIP; … In order to support the comparison of air pollution characteristics between the north and the south of China, the monitoring equipment of the Pearl River Delta, the 356-meter-high Shenzhen Meteorological Tower and the 600-meter-high Guangzhou TV Tower, which are 2000 kilometers away, cooperated with the "Wangdu Experiment" to carry out observation at the same time.

　　In this observation experiment, the new ozone lidar, nitrogen dioxide lidar, high-altitude turbulence ultrasonic anemometer detection system and vorticity-related PM2.5 turbulence flux observation system independently developed by the project also made their debut.

　　Hu Fei said that this experiment has obtained new information and new phenomena about the fine structure of physical and chemical elements of pollutants that could not be obtained by ground observation or portable instrument sounding observation, which can provide scientific reference for revealing the formation mechanism of heavy pollution, pollutant source analysis and optimal control of air pollution in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. (Reporter Liang He)

Original leon ye pinwan

Author: leon ye

Mailbox, yeliyan@pingwest.com

The official price of Samsung Galaxy Z Fold2 5G (hereinafter referred to as Fold2) is as high as 16,999 RMB, which is probably the most valuable digital product I have ever used.

As the successor model of Samsung Galaxy Fold, which was released in December last year, the Fold2 launched by Samsung only nine months ago did not attract as much attention as its predecessors. Even though the first generation of Fold has many shortcomings in products, as the first mass-produced folding screen mobile phone, the significance of its smooth sale is greater than everything else-"the first foldable screen mobile phone that can be bought" is enough to support the sky-high price of the first generation of Fold of 15,999 yuan among geek players.

Fold2, which has unloaded all kinds of "first" auras, must be examined in a more practical context. As a long-term user of the original Fold and other brands of folding screen mobile phones, I bought this Fold2 at my own expense on the day of the launch of the Bank of China out of my crazy love for all geek toys. During the National Day holiday, I used Fold2 as much as possible to replace other digital devices I have, and traveled light-the purpose is to test what Fold 2 can do and what the experience is in the second year after the folding screen device entered our hands.

A more usable mobile phone: wider external screen and stronger camera module.

No matter how it is defined, Fold2, a folding screen device, first exists as a smart phone-from my own experience, it really takes me far more time to fold and use the original Fold as a mobile phone than when it is unfolded as a tablet.

As an ordinary smart phone-this is the most lacking part of my experience when I used the original Fold in the past. The narrow external screen of the first generation of Fold makes most of the routine operations we have long been used to on mobile phones extremely difficult-typing, reading a slightly longer message, or even just pulling down the notification bar and clicking the next button to switch songs. The probability of wrong input is much higher than that of doing the same operation on ordinary mobile phones.

Fold2′ s outer screen is bigger, and most importantly, it has finally widened. The most intuitive comparison is that the width of the Fold2 outer screen is actually wider than that of the iPhone SE generation. Of course, compared with the ordinary smart phone that is nearly 7 inches now, the Fold2 outer screen is still mini, but its size absolutely ensures the usability of ordinary operations. Cheers, users who are used to full keyboard typing like me. The crazy experience when using the original Fold is gone forever.

▲ The external screen of Fold 2 is wider than that of iPhone SE generation.

Although the effect of opening the Fold2 and using the huge internal screen as the viewfinder is very shocking when taking pictures, I still use it as a mobile phone to take snapshots in the folded state in daily use. During the long vacation, in addition to scanning codes and documents, I also used it to take photos of my travels and share them on social media. As far as the proofs are concerned, although the colorful style of Fold2 is not to my taste, the imaging of wide-angle, main camera and telephoto camera is definitely more than enough for social sharing. It is worth mentioning that the phase quality of the night scene mode on Fold2 is quite good, and the progress is very great compared with the level that the original Fold is close to unusable.

▲ 1.0x main sample

▲ 2.0x telephoto proofs

▲ 0.5x wide-angle proofs

As a smart phone, thanks to the enlarged external screen and camera module with better imaging quality, the usability of Fold2 is significantly improved compared with the original Fold.

A better tablet: durable inner screen and durable hinge.

So how about unfolding Fold2 as a flat plate? We should know that the first generation of Fold media evaluation machine was collectively recalled and the sale was postponed, which was caused by the fragile internal screen and the need to improve the design. Of course, I won’t abuse the Fold2 I bought at my own expense like JerryRigEverything, but from the test results, the UTG ultra-thin glass used in the Fold2 and the improved screen frame buffer pad have enhanced the firmness of the Fold2 screen and ensured that users don’t need to protect their mobile phones too much like taking care of babies.

The durability has also been improved, as well as the hinge part of Fold2. This time, Samsung also brought a similar design in the hinge of Galaxy Z Flip, a mobile phone with the same folding screen, to Fold2, adding a small brush for dust prevention. Similarly, from the actual measurement of JerryRigEverything, the new structure has a quite good barrier effect on dust and sand.

▲ The test that you definitely won’t do proves that Fold2 is dustproof (Source: JerryRigEverything)

As far as my own short-term use experience in the past three weeks is concerned, there is no damage to the inner screen and hinge-a few scratches caused by the fierce battle of Wild Fighting only appear on the protective film pasted at the factory. This protective film, which Samsung does not recommend users to remove by themselves, may be very important for the protection of the Fold2 inner screen, but it is similar to the sticky feeling brought by rubber to fingers, which also compromises the smooth touch that the ultra-thin glass of the inner screen should have.

As a flat panel, Fold 2 removes the huge "oblique bangs" on the original Fold, uses a perforated camera design, and adopts a screen with a high refresh rate of 120 Hz and excellent impression, which can be said to have achieved a leap in entertainment experience. With dual speakers and the Flex mode brought by the hovering hinge, Fold2 is the best entertainment equipment for me when I watch games during the intermission of travel and in hotels. Among them, the new 120 Hz high refresh rate internal screen, which brings the greatest improvement to the look and feel, not only stays in fluency, but once and for all solves the problem that the left and right half screens of the original Fold are not synchronized when the refresh rate is 60 Hz.

▲ Flex mode (Source: Samsung)

It is true that Fold2, as a tablet, also needs to face the App adaptation problem common to almost all other Android tablets. But after solving the regret left by the original Fold on the screen and hinge, Fold2 has evolved into a better tablet.

A good computer: software and hardware that need to be improved

In the past three weeks, I unexpectedly enjoyed using my Fold2 as a computer-although Samsung officials did not make any publicity in this regard. During the trip, a portable Bluetooth keyboard was connected and the bracket of the fiber protective case was opened, and Fold2 became a small notebook computer. Samsung’s adaptation to multitasking on the software level is very complete, from split screen and windowing to Edge Panel side screen panels that can be exhaled at any time. Fold2, which combines all these functions, with the good endurance of the machine itself and the support for 5G, is fully qualified for the notebook role used for code words when traveling.

▲ Fold2 that I used as a laptop.

Of course, to truly become your next computer, Samsung Fold series needs more improvements-for example, Samsung must add support for first-party accessories of Fold series, including magnetic keyboard and S Pen; For example, Fold products should be allowed to directly enter the dex desktop mode like Samsung Galaxy Tab S7 after an external keyboard is connected. For example, the current Dex desktop mode still has a lot of room for improvement, and there is still a significant delay when using the scroll wheel for sliding operation, and so on.

It is completely feasible to use Fold2 as a computer now-for example, this text was written entirely on Fold2-but to make it fully competent for this role, Samsung needs to make more efforts in both software experience improvement and hardware adaptation.

Practice from Imperfect to Perfect

Even in 2020, when the price of the flagship mobile phone has already exceeded 10,000 yuan, it is still very difficult to defend any mobile phone with a asking price of nearly 17,000 yuan-but from my actual experience in the past three weeks, the functions realized by Fold2 are completely worth its seemingly outrageous price-whether Fold 2 is folded as a mobile phone or unfolded as a tablet, these two experiences are very close to the top level of these two categories. In the second year after the folding screen entered the mass production market, Fold2, as Samsung’s answer sheet, was almost perfect.

But almost perfect means still not perfect. Among consumer electronics products, computer manufacturers have also begun to try to apply folding screen technology to broaden the application scenarios of notebook computers. Will mobile phone manufacturers represented by Samsung take over the desktop torch of mobile phones that started from Motorola Atrix 4G and continue to explore and try in the direction of mobile productivity?

▲ Application of Folding Screen in Notebook Computer ThinkPad X1 Fold (Source: Lenovo)

In addition, although from the evaluation of a number of technology media and the evaluation of buyers, Fold2 has indeed been favored by technology aborigines, but the generally high price of folding screen equipment is still the biggest resistance to the public users. The entry-level version of Fold, which had been rumored for a long time and was more affordable to the people, failed to appear at this year’s Samsung Galaxy Unpacked conference. It seems that it will take time for this rapidly mature technology to enter the hands of the public.

However, it only took less than a year from the first generation of Fold to the almost perfect Fold2, which has nothing to do with the word "perfect"-and the practice of folding screen technology will not last long from the crowd to the public.

Original title: "Can the folding screen mobile phone be the main machine? I tried Samsung Fold2 on National Day.

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1905 movie network news 　The sci-fi animated film, which was adapted from runaway comic script, produced by first-class foreign teams and dubbed by teachers Feng Yuanzheng and Shi Banyu, was released nationwide on July 19th. As early as last year, Future Machine City was bought by Netflix (Netflix), a global streaming media giant, for overseas distribution rights at a record high price. At the same time, it has also been nominated for the Annie Award, which is known as the "animated Oscar", and competed with other outstanding works such as Superman Attack Team 2.

At the beginning of this year, at the award ceremony of "2018kidscreen awards" known as "Children’s Oscar", "Future Robot" won two awards, namely, the best cartoon and the best design. Such bright results made the film get high attention before it was released, and it became the most anticipated animated film this summer. At present, the film has been shown in national cinemas.

The perfect combination of reality and imagination, retro futuristic style is amazing.

"Future Machine City" tells a touching story of a little girl and a robot taking risks side by side and gaining growth in the future world. Today, the film released a special overseas production. In the video, director Joe Casad and Joe Ksander expressed their love for the work "Future Machine City" in front of the camera. "Future Machine City" discusses the meaning of loneliness, how to find your own friends, how to face the problems in the growth process, and the aerial atrix picture of the robot, which is a perfect combination of plot and picture. "

In the movie, the setting of the future city "Midu" is very amazing. The endless skyscrapers, buildings with both Chinese and western characteristics, and the design of articles are bizarre but based on reality, which makes the audience feel surprised while watching and feel deja vu. Director Joe Casad explained to us that this design is called retro future wind. "Retro future is like people’s imagination of 2017 in 1978." At the same time, the smart phone we use in modern times has been replaced by the more versatile housekeeper robot "Q Bao" in "Future Machine City". Director Joe Casad said that "Q Bao is an all-round player who never leaves his body with one hand, and even spends too much time on Q Bao instead of spending time with his family." From this point of view, the setting of "Q Bao" in the film is also to allude to the social problem that modern people rely too much on electronic products and ignore the emotional communication between anyone. I have to admire the imagination and intention of the creative team.

Each robot in Future Robots has its own personality and appearance characteristics, which can make the audience feel that they are produced by different companies. At the same time, the team referred to many home machine design styles in the 1970s, such as metal edging and black plastic materials, which made the film reflect a unified "retro future style" from the whole to the details.

The design of the movie characters is careless, and the puppy bun wins the director’s favor.

In order to design a good character image, designers need to have a deep understanding of the character and experience of the character. Su Xiaomai, the protagonist, grew up in a single-parent family. She has no friends, can’t communicate with her mother and is disgusted with everything around her. Therefore, in the design of the role, the designer chooses exaggerated hairstyle and purple hair color to reflect her rebellion. The freckled face always has a world-weary expression, and the sporty clothing also makes her look more flexible and light in action. As a military robot, Robot 723 is naturally equipped with weapons. The arms, shoulders and back are all equipped with plasma cannon and laser weapons. In order to have more emotional interaction with human beings in movies, 7723 is also set as a robot that can learn, distinguish good from evil and think like us. The image prototype of Su Xiaomai’s pet dog bun is a French bulldog, and its small body is very cute. At the same time, in order to reflect its grumpy temper, the founders also specially designed a big head that is very uncoordinated with the proportion of the body. Director Kevin Adams said, "It’s really super cute. It’s simply the most popular character in the whole film." Words can’t hide their love for this role.

Two directors, Joe Casad and Kevin R. Adams, get inspiration from many live-action sci-fi movies they have seen in the past, and add their own innovations and styles to make Future Machine City different from other animated films. At the same time, they also hope to break the previous prejudice against the aesthetic differences between the East and the West and present a work that all audiences can like.

In the special edition, Joe Casad said that in addition to the visual effects, the film also has a very emotional part in the plot. "This is a movie that I have always wanted to do." The film contains the affection between Mai and his mother, the friendship with the robot 7723, and the elements of action and comedy. The director Joe Casad said happily, "We can finally tell a story about this. Director Kevin R. Adams also expressed the hope that this work would make the audience resonate with laughter and screaming.

The film "Future Machine City" began to be planned in 2014, and the script was revised for more than 100 versions before and after, and it was not finalized until 2016. The production special of this exposure also shows us the first-class level and attentive attitude of the behind-the-scenes team. With the help of science and technology, the film finally presents us with a touching story with oriental family style. The problems about "family" and "companionship" reflected in the film are very profound and worth thinking about by every parent.

Ada can’t bend down to shoot a passionate play for fear of rumors.

　 　 On the same day, as soon as Liu Yan appeared on the scene, she was snapped by the media. The red plastic tight skirt was her style in the film. This dress was tailored for her by Ladygaga’s fashion designer. Ada revealed: "In fact, there are two clothes, and the other one can’t be worn at all. This one can be worn for everyone." It’s just that this dress is very effective in bursting breasts, but it is difficult for Ada to breathe that day. Before sitting down, he must inhale and abdomen, and he must stand up straight and basically can’t bend over.

　 　 Not only is the modeling in the play so sexy, but Ada also revealed that she shot a large-scale passionate drama. "In fact, the modeling is all right, but when it comes to the passionate drama with Song Ning, I am embarrassed. Up to now, we are very embarrassed to meet." Song Ning said he was not as embarrassed as Ada. "It’s all natural things, but I’m actually quite happy. (Laughter) "But Ada was eager to explain that the relationship between her and Song Ning was purely working." In fact, the passion part was just acting, and I had nothing to do with Song Ning in private. If everyone felt the enthusiasm of the two of us in the play, it was just a good play. "

　 　 She also said that she didn’t have many scenes in the film, and she didn’t want the audience to think that there were many love scenes in the "Twelve Constellations" because of her participation. "I hope everyone won’t be biased in understanding this film because of my appearance." Ada also denied that he had any advantages, "My advantage … … I hope it’s not the advantage that everyone thinks. I don’t want to be stereotyped. I have to keep acting to give myself ‘ Wash white ’ 。”

Next page:Kimi and Qin Hao are suspected to be brokeback, and David is not eager to win the movie.

Li Gang, a reporter from Jinyang. com, and Yue Huanxuan, a correspondent, reported that on the 22nd, the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group handed over 177 reports to Guangdong Province, including 19 repeated complaints and 158 actual cases (including 24 key cases identified by the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group). For specific information on case assignment and handling, please refer to the website columns of the provincial, municipal government and environmental protection departments. Please scan the QR code for related links.

According to the arrangement, the stationing time of the Fifth Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group is one month. During the stationing period (June 5-July 5), a special duty telephone number is set up: 020-87766710, and a special postal box is set up: Guangzhou 713, with the postal code of 510000. The time for the inspector group to receive the report phone is 8: 00-20: 00 every day.

Extend local action

Foshan: The person in charge of pickling wastewater discharge in an enterprise in Jiujiang was detained.

Foshan received a case from the Fifth Environmental Protection Inspector Group of the Central Committee, claiming that Nanjinzhong Hardware Factory in Jiujiang Town discharged pungent exhaust gas at will, causing troubles to surrounding restaurants and residents. After taking over, on June 10th, the environmental protection departments at the municipal, district and town levels joined hands to carry out on-site inspection of Nanjinzhong Hardware Factory in Jiujiang Town. After investigation, the plant was put into production without environmental protection acceptance. According to the requirements of EIA approval, the plant should use diesel as fuel, but its curing furnace is filled with a lot of granular biomass fuel. In the production process, the factory has no supporting waste gas treatment facilities, and the waste gas generated in the drying process is discharged directly without treatment. In addition, there is pickling wastewater from the pickling and derusting process in this factory, and some of the wastewater is discharged from the factory through the concealed pipe and flows into the sewage pipe network without treatment. The environmental protection department has transferred the clues of the case that the factory constitutes the crime of environmental pollution to the public security department for handling. On June 10th, Jiujiang Town Police Station imposed criminal detention on the main person in charge of the factory and the wastewater treatment workers.

Shaoguan: Two illegal construction sites without a license at night in urban areas were investigated.

Recently, many citizens complained that some urban construction sites were under construction late at night, which seriously affected the normal rest of surrounding residents. After taking over, the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau strengthened the supervision of the construction sites, and conducted surprise inspections at night on six construction sites, including Oupu Yulong Bay Phase II, Poly Chenyue Garden, Shaoguan Fuli City and high-speed railway station Plaza.　　

During the inspection, it was found that all kinds of noises made by the construction site of Baoli Chenyue Garden Project were particularly loud in the middle of the night, and the chainsaw started at the second phase of Tianxi Bay in Country Garden Sun City was very sharp and harsh. After investigation, the construction sites of Poly Chenyue Garden and Country Garden Sun City Tianzhu Bay Phase II were all illegal acts without night construction permit, and law enforcement officers immediately ordered the construction units of the two construction sites to stop construction immediately. Law enforcement officials said that in areas where noise-sensitive buildings are concentrated in cities, except for emergency repairs and rescue operations, it is forbidden to carry out construction work with environmental noise pollution at night.

Heyuan: A mining company in Longchuan County has been rectified for noise nuisance.

The citizens reported to the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group that there was noise pollution in Longchuan Haifeng Mining Co., Ltd., especially the noise generated by the operation of 16 water mills and 4 large forklifts, which had a certain impact on the lives of nearby residents. Longchuan county environmental protection law enforcement officers went to investigate and deal with it, and found that Haifeng Mining’s noise pollution prevention and control facilities were relatively simple, and the reported part was true. According to the on-site inspection, Longchuan County Environmental Protection Bureau issued a Decision on Ordering to Correct Illegal Acts to the company, demanding that the noise pollution prevention and control facilities be further improved, and measures such as enclosure and shielding should be taken to reduce the impact on the surrounding environment. Without the complainant’s permission, production should not be allowed from 22: 00 p.m. to 6: 00 the next day.

At present, Haifeng Mining has carried out rectification as required, built a sound-proof wall near the residents of the factory, and enclosed the factory, installed a sound-proof baffle on one side of the relevant production workshop, and stopped production from 22: 00 pm to 6: 00 the next day as required to reduce the impact of noise on the surrounding environment.

Huizhou: Three electroplating plants in Huiyang were stopped for rectification due to the direct discharge of waste gas disturbing people.

The masses reported to the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group that the three electroplating processing plants located in Kengtang Village, Xinxu Town, Huiyang District had problems such as direct exhaust and waste gas disturbing people. Huiyang District immediately organized environmental protection, public security, safety supervision and other relevant departments and Xinxu Town Government to inspect the site. The three electroplating factories complained by the masses were Huizhou Yuanhui Hardware Electroplating Co., Ltd., Huiyang District Xinxu Xinlong Hardware Products Processing Factory and Huizhou Huiyang District Kengtang Electroplating Factory. It was found that all three enterprises had exhaust gas collection systems and exhaust gas treatment facilities, but some workshops opened their windows and did not adopt closed facilities to collect exhaust gas. Immediately, the law enforcement officers ordered the person in charge of the enterprise to correct immediately and take effective measures to collect the waste gas to prevent the waste gas from overflowing in the workshop. At present, all three enterprises have stopped production and rectified the waste gas collection equipment and facilities. Next, the Environmental Protection Bureau of Huiyang District will continue to follow up, increase the frequency of inspection and monitoring, and urge enterprises to carry out vertical reform to ensure that the waste gas from the workshops of the three enterprises is effectively collected and treated and discharged up to standard.

Zhongshan: tanzhou town filed a case to investigate and deal with "investment before inspection" enterprises.

After receiving the case of "No sewage treatment facility in the crushing and cleaning plant of a plastic factory, and it is suspected that the sewage is discharged directly into the river" assigned by the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group, Tanzhou Environmental Protection Branch took prompt action in the afternoon to make a surprise inspection of Ma’s plastic processing plant involved. The inspection found that the processing plant has a plastic product processing project, which produces production wastewater during the processing, and the wastewater is recycled after precipitation without discharge. Because the operator Ma was unable to provide EIA documents and acceptance materials, on-site law enforcement officers sealed up the main production equipment of the factory. In view of the environmental violations of the factory involving "the environmental protection facilities that need to be built in the construction project have not passed the acceptance, and the construction project will be put into production or use", the case was investigated and dealt with.

Zhaoqing: complaints and reports from the masses that Gaoyao scattered polluting factories and enterprises were seized.

There is a plastic factory in Pingbu Langtou Village, Jindu Town, Gaoyao District, Zhaoqing City, which illegally occupies farmland and emits waste gas. Many departments in Gaoyao District conducted investigation and handling. After investigation, the complaint refers to three plastic processing plants, including Yuesheng Plant, Yongliang Plant and Jianquan Plant, and the nature of the land used is leased collective construction land. Among them, Yuesheng factory covers an area of more than 20 mu, and did not go through the formalities of land use. In 2015, the land department investigated and dealt with it on a special project, and imposed a fine of nearly 150,000, which was enforced in 2017.

In addition, after verification by the environmental protection department, Yuesheng Factory has environmental protection procedures, but it is not equipped with dust removal facilities. Yongliang Factory and Jianquan Factory have no environmental protection approval procedures, and plastic waste raw materials are piled up on site, which is rather messy. Gaoyao District ordered Yuesheng Factory to improve the dust removal facilities, ordered Yongliang Factory and Jianquan Factory to stop production and construction, and listed the two factories in the list of scattered pollution, which has been sealed up at present.

Jiangmen: Pengjiang No.1 Village Committee was investigated for illegal use of forest land and unlicensed logging.

The masses reported to the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group that the relevant departments in Pengjiang District of Xinchang Yuanzaishan Industrial Park immediately investigated and dealt with the waste gas stolen by Fangxing Non-woven Fabric Factory in Pengjiang District of Jiangmen City and the complaints related to deforestation by Xinchang Village Committee.

After investigation, the waste gas produced by Fangxing Nonwoven Fabric Factory in Pengjiang District, Jiangmen City was discharged from the 15m exhaust pipe after being treated by two sets of UV photolysis and water spraying waste gas treatment equipment. Because the enterprise did not obtain the sewage discharge permit, the project was put into production, which was illegal sewage discharge without a license, and law enforcement officers immediately filed a case for investigation.

In response to the problem of deforestation caused by excavation by Xinchang Village Committee, after investigation, Xinchang Village Committee obtained the land use right of Yuanshanzai Industrial Park in Xinchang Village, Tangxia Town through the state-owned land transfer procedure on May 14, 2013, and the forest land involved did not go through the procedures of using forest land and logging in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, which was suspected of illegal use of forest land and logging without a license. In the next step, the Agriculture, Forestry and Water Affairs Bureau of Pengjiang District will further investigate forest-related violations, verify the illegal use of forest land, and deal with it according to laws and regulations.