Every morning morning, an overview of the big events yesterday morning.

"Smart Things" Morning Post No.1133

　　Tuesday, January 08, 2019

　　# Today’s news #

　　1. Qualcomm launched the third generation Snapdragon intelligent cockpit chip platform.

　　Zhidx reported in Las Vegas on January 7th that the day before the official launch of CES 2019, Qualcomm launched the third-generation Snapdragon smart cockpit chip platform, including three products: entry-level, intermediate-level and advanced. The platform is equipped with Qualcomm’s new generation AI engine, Hexagon DSP, fourth generation Kryo CPU, Spectra ISP and sixth generation Adreno GPU.

　　It is worth mentioning that in DSP, Qualcomm also uses HTA tensor accelerator and HVX vector extension kernel, which can greatly improve the AI computing power-this is a heavy AI scheme that Qualcomm smashed when Snapdragon 855 was released a while ago.

　　2. Tesla Super Factory Shanghai Lingang officially started construction.

　　On the afternoon of January 7th, Tesla Giga Shanghai officially started construction in Lingang Industrial Zone. The annual production scale of the first phase of the factory is 250,000 pure electric vehicles, including Model 3 and Model Y series models. Tesla CEO Musk said that the Shanghai factory will have an initial production capacity by the end of this year, and the capacity for large-scale manufacturing will be formed next year. Tesla Super Factory integrates R&D, manufacturing, sales and other functions, and the annual production capacity will reach 500,000 pure electric vehicles after it is completed and put into operation.

3. The number of exhibitors in China in CES 2019 decreased by more than 20%.

　　On January 7th, it was reported that the registration figures tracked by Hong Kong media showed that at CES 2019, the number of China enterprises that bought booths to display the latest technology decreased by more than 20% compared with last year. However, among the 4,500 exhibitors, China enterprises still account for more than a quarter, second only to the United States.

　　# Artificial Intelligence #

　　1. AMS develops 3D face recognition function with contempt technology.

　　On January 7th, it was reported that Austrian sensor manufacturer AMS will cooperate with China software developer Face++ to develop a new 3D face recognition function for smart phones. At present, AMS is an optical sensor supplier for Apple’s iPhone.

　　2. Tuya Technology’s A round of financing tens of millions of Jinshajiang Venture Capital led the investment.

　　On January 7 th, it was reported that Tuya Technology recently completed tens of millions of A-round financing. This round of financing was led by Jinshajiang Venture Capital, and the new capital followed the investment. The old shareholders Temasek Group Xiangfeng Investment, Magic Capital, Ralph Venture Capital and Angel Bay Venture Capital continued to increase. It is reported that Tuya Technology was established in December 2016, focusing on the field of image and video compression, and using AI algorithm to save the storage cost and bandwidth cost of video for enterprises.

　　3. Shang Tang ICLR 2019 paper proposes random architecture search.

　　On January 7th, it was reported that in ICLR 2019 paper "SNAS: Stochastic Neural Architecture Search", Shangtang Technology proposed the Random Neural Network Structure Search (Snas). According to reports, compared with the reinforcement learning-based method (ENAS), the search optimization of SNAS is differentiable and the search efficiency is higher. Compared with other differentiable methods (DARTS), SNAS directly optimizes the objective function of NAS tasks, and the deviation of search results is smaller. In addition, this paper also proposes to optimize the expectation of network loss function and the expectation of network forward delay at the same time, and automatically generate hardware-friendly sparse networks.

　　4. UMC withdraws engineers to stop DRAM research and development.

　　According to reports from the industry, more than 100 memory talents from UMC’s DRAM research and development team for Fujian Jinhua have returned to Taiwan Province and transferred to Warburg Pincus and other big factories. This is the first case of a large-scale return of semiconductor talents to land since the beginning of 2019.

　　People in the industry believe that with the stalemate in the US-China trade war, Taiwanese businessmen have plans to withdraw from the mainland one after another considering the high uncertainty of receiving orders from the mainland in the future, and the US has vigorously blocked Chinese mainland from developing semiconductors, which has greatly weakened the magnetic attraction effect of local talents, and more talents from the mainland may return to Taiwan Province in the future.

　　5. Huawei shipped 918,000 servers in 2018.

　　On January 7th, it was reported that Qiu Long, president of Huawei’s intelligent computing business department, said at the conference of Huawei’s Kunpeng chips and servers that Huawei’s servers shipped 918,000 units in 2018, a 12-fold increase from 77,000 units in 2012, and the cumulative shipments in 2012-2018 exceeded 3.56 million units.

　　6. Huawei launched the ARM architecture server chip Kunpeng 920.

　　On January 7th, Huawei announced the launch of a new processor for servers-Kunpeng 920, which adopts 7nm manufacturing process and is based on ARM architecture. In addition, Huawei also released a TaiShan server based on Kunpeng 920. Xu Wenwei, director of Huawei and president of strategic Marketing, said that Huawei released Kunpeng 920 and TaiShan server this time, which are mainly used in big data, distributed storage and ARM native applications.

　　7. NVIDIA pushes new GPU RTX 2060 for $349.

　　On January 7th, NVIDIA released a new entry-level GPU RTX 2060 with ray tracing technology at CES 2019, which is another new model of Turing-based GPU in NVIDIA after RTX 2070, 2080 and 2080 Ti, and the price starts from 349 USD (about RMB 2,400).

　　NVIDIA CEO Huang Renxun said that RTX 2060 will provide higher game performance than 1070 Ti and 60% faster than GTX 1060. In addition to the unique RTX Core, this GPU comes with 6G DDR6 memory and 240 TensorCores.

　　# New trip #

　　1. Ali released the top ten development trends of the automobile industry in 2019.

　　On January 7, Alibaba released the top ten development trends of the automobile industry in 2019. It is predicted that in terms of autonomous driving, L3 self-driving cars will enter a period of rapid development, and high-precision positioning will usher in the first year of on-board application; In terms of intelligent network connection, the automobile industry will enter the first year of operation, and the software will redefine the car; In terms of OEMs, the new forces of building cars must produce products, and the construction and operation of big data platform will become the new core competitiveness of OEMs.

　　2. Baidu 2019 CES will launch Apollo 3.5 open platform.

　　On January 7th, it was reported that Baidu will hold the US market of Baidu World Congress, and bring the latest commercial products of Apollo autopilot, Apollo3.5, small intelligent hardware products, Baidu AI Cloud and other Baidu AI technologies and products to the 2019 CES. At the same time, Baidu will release the Apollo3.5 open platform, which can realize unmanned driving of complex urban roads including downtown and residential scenes.

　　3. Volkswagen said that it will establish a research and development center in China.

　　On January 7th, it was reported that Volkswagen said it would set up a research and development center in China. In 2018, the sales volume of Volkswagen in China will increase by about 20,000 vehicles, and it is expected that the sales volume of China automobile market will decrease in the first half of this year.

　　4. Geely’s sales in 2018 exceeded 1.5 million units, an increase of about 20% year-on-year.

　　On January 7th, the news of Smart Things, Geely Automobile announced that the total sales volume of Geely Automobile in China market in December 2018 was 86,298 units, down about 44% year-on-year. In 2018, the total annual sales volume of Geely Automobile exceeded 1.5 million vehicles, up about 20% year-on-year, and reached 95% of the company’s annual sales target of 1.58 million vehicles in 2018.

　　5. Grab’s total strategic investment reached $175 million.

　　On January 7th, it was reported that Tokyo Century Corp confirmed to add strategic investment to Grab, a taxi platform in Southeast Asia, with a cumulative investment of US$ 175 million.

　　6. Foreign media: Uber sells its Singapore car rental subsidiary.

　　On January 7th, according to the Sunday Times, Uber sold its car rental subsidiary in Singapore to a joint venture company, further divesting its local business, which cost about S $350 million (US$ 257 million), including about 8,000 cars.

　　7. Baiteng announced the interior scheme of the first production car M-Byte.

　　On January 7 th, at the press conference before the CES show held this morning in Beijing time, Baiteng announced more product details of its first production car, Byton M-Byte. In the formal mass production scheme, Batten’s iconic 48-inch "full screen" was retained, while the screen scheme on the steering wheel was adjusted based on safety requirements. According to the plan, Baiteng’s M-Byte model will be officially unveiled in mid-2019 and will be put into production at the end of this year.

　　8. Musk started construction of Tesla Shanghai factory in China today.

　　On January 7th, the Beijing News reported that Tesla CEO Elon Musk said on Twitter that he was looking forward to the groundbreaking ceremony in Tesla Giga Shanghai today. It is reported that Musk arrived in Shanghai yesterday, and the groundbreaking ceremony of Tesla Giga Shanghai (Phase I) will be held this afternoon.

　　In addition, according to Bloomberg News, Musk said that the Tesla Shanghai factory aims to complete the initial construction of the factory this summer and plans to start production of Model 3 at the end of the year. Musk said that Model 3 and Y produced by Tesla’s Shanghai factory will be supplied to Greater China.

　　# Smart Home #

　　1. Samsung TV users will be able to access Apple iTunes content.

　　On January 7th, local time on Sunday, Apple announced the establishment of a cooperative relationship with Samsung. Soon, users of Samsung Smart TV will be able to access iTunes movies and TV content. Airplay 2 will also support iPhone and iPad users to send content from their mobile phones to TVs.

　　2, Xiaomi released a new small love speaker HD price of 599 yuan.

　　On January 7 th, it was reported that Xiaomi launched a brand-new "Little Love Speaker" product-Little Love Speaker HD. This product is currently the highest-end smart speaker in Xiaomi, equipped with Xiaomi voice assistant Xiao Ai. This is also the fourth smart speaker product equipped with Xiaoai students after Xiaomi AI speaker, Xiaomi Xiaoai speaker mini and Xiaomi Xiaoai Bluetooth speaker portable version. The speaker is priced at 599 yuan and will be put on Xiaomi Mall in the near future.

# Robots/drones #

　　1. The robot company Boxin Technology Pre-A rounds tens of millions.

　　On January 7 th, it was reported that Boxin Technology, a robot company with heavy-duty truss handling, recently announced that it had obtained tens of millions of pre A rounds of financing. This round of financing was led by Qingkong Ginkgo, followed by Meihua Venture Capital and Kexin Capital. Wu Yuexin, founder and chairman of Boxin, said that the financing will be mainly used to establish and upgrade the product standardization system and promote its service capabilities in the fields of automobiles, machine tools, construction and transportation, and intelligent warehousing.

　　# Communication circle #

　　1. Huawei opened its first flagship store in Saudi Arabia.

　　On January 7th, according to foreign media reports, Huawei announced the opening of its first flagship store in Saudi Arabia, which is also the largest store in the Middle East and Africa. At the opening ceremony in Riyadh, Sultan Mofti, Deputy Director of Investment of Saudi Arabia General Investment Bureau, said that Huawei is committed to training Saudi talents through training programs such as STEP, which aims to train 10,000 Saudi talents by 2020. In 2016, Huawei became the first China company to acquire a 100% stake in Saudi Arabia.

　　2. Indian Telecommunications Minister: No intention to ban the purchase of Huawei network equipment.

　　On January 7th, according to the Indian Business Line, a few days ago, Indian Telecommunications Minister Manoj Sinha said in a written reply that there is no proposal to ban telecom equipment made by Huawei in China.

　　3. Samsung lowered the output target of smart phones this year to 290 million units.

　　On January 7th, according to Korean media reports, Samsung Electronics lowered its smartphone production target in 2019 to about 290 million units, about 10% lower than the initial plan made in November last year, reflecting weak sales. Samsung shared its production plan with its partners. Since 2013, the annual shipment of Samsung smartphones has exceeded 300 million units.

　　# Apple Pie #

　　1. Apple will close the smallest retail store in Japan for 13 years.

　　On January 7th, according to the notice published on Apple’s website in Japan, Apple will close its retail store in Yemachi, Sendai in the near future. This store is Apple’s smallest retail store in Japan and one of the smallest stores in the world. Apple’s retail store in Sendai City, located in the shopping area of Yimachi, opened on December 10th, 2005. At that time, it was Apple’s sixth retail store in Japan.

　　2, foreign media: iPhone XI or will be equipped with a rear three-camera.

　　On January 7 th, according to foreign media reports, the early renderings show that Apple’s next flagship smartphone, the iPhone XI, which will be launched this fall may be equipped with three cameras on the back. According to sources, all the iPhone that Apple will launch in 2019 are still in the stage of engineering verification and testing, so the actual specifications may change. As usual, the company may choose to release it in September this year.

# New progress #

　　1. The sale of major assets of TCL Group was approved by the shareholders’ meeting.

　　On the afternoon of January 7th, TCL Group held the first extraordinary shareholders’ meeting in 2019, which divested smart terminal businesses such as consumer electronics and home appliances and related supporting businesses, and focused on the major asset sale scheme with Huaxing Optoelectronic Semiconductor Display Industry as its core business, and finally succeeded in getting through the customs. At the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, all 14 proposals related to this major asset sale plan were passed by voting, involving a total capital of 4.76 billion yuan.

　　2. Ali: Ma Yun never transferred or withdrew from Taobao’s shares.

　　On January 7 th, in response to the market rumors that Ma Yun cleared Taobao’s shares, Alibaba Group issued a statement saying: Ma Yun has never transferred or withdrawn from Taobao’s shares, and he has no intention of doing so; This is a very normal and common technical and legal operation in any company management process; Such adjustment will further promote the transparency and openness of Alibaba’s management, which will only benefit the company’s future.

　　3. Amazon’s share price hit its biggest quarterly decline in 10 years in Q4 last year.

　　On January 7 th, according to CNBC, Amazon’s share price plummeted by 25% in the fourth quarter of last year, the biggest quarterly decline since 2008. Despite this, Wall Street analysts are as optimistic as ever and expect the company’s share price to rebound in 2019. According to FactSet data, among the 42 analysts who rated the stock, 41 suggested "buying" the stock.

　　4. The total amount of venture capital financing of American enterprises in 2018 was 99.5 billion US dollars.

　　On January 7 th, according to GeekWire, an American technology media, in 2018, the financing scale of American startups hit a record high since the "Internet bubble" era in 2000. According to the MoneyTree report released by PricewaterhouseCoopers and CB Insights in the fourth quarter of last year, in 2018, the total venture capital financing of American start-ups reached 99.5 billion US dollars. The number of transactions with financing scale exceeding $100 million reached a record 184, up from 120 in 2017. In addition, in 2018, the valuation of 53 companies exceeded $1 billion, which also set a new record.

　　5. Ma Yun transferred the equity of Qing Taobao, and Zhang Yong took over.

　　On January 7 th, it was reported that the enterprise investigation showed that last Friday, Ma Yun and Xie Shihuang withdrew from the equity filing of Zhejiang Taobao Network Co., Ltd. and added Hangzhou Zhenxi Investment Management Co., Ltd. as the sole shareholder. Hangzhou Zhenqiang and Hangzhou Zhensheng each subscribed a registered capital of 2.5 million yuan, holding 50% of the shares. At present, Zhang Yong, Zhao Ying, Zheng Junfang, Tong Wenhong and Shao Xiaofeng each hold 20% shares in Hangzhou Zhenqiang and Hangzhou Zhensheng.

　　In this regard, Alibaba official said that this adjustment was disclosed in the annual report of July 2018. This adjustment does not involve the equity adjustment at the Alibaba Group level, nor does it affect the Alibaba partner mechanism. Ma Yun will still be a partner of Alibaba.

　　6. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will promote the development and application of a new generation of information technology.

　　On January 7 th, it was reported that Wang Xinzhe, chief economist of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that efforts should be made to promote the development and application of a new generation of information technology. Accelerate the pace of 5G R&D and commercialization, and promote the scale deployment of IPv6. In-depth implementation of intelligent manufacturing engineering to promote the deep integration of the Internet, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and manufacturing. Accelerate the digital transformation of manufacturing industry, improve the level of digitalization, networking and intelligence of manufacturing industry, and make the digital economy bigger and stronger.

　　7. Los Angeles sued IBM for abusing user location data.

　　On January 7th, it was reported that the city of Los Angeles was suing IBM’s Weather Channel application. The city of Los Angeles accused IBM of using users’ detailed location data for accurate advertising and using these data to identify consumer trends for hedge funds, but at the same time it informed consumers that its data would only be used to provide weather forecasts in the region. The lawsuit did not accuse IBM of selling users’ personally identifiable data.

　　8. Sources: The detailed rules of science and technology innovation board will be issued in the first quarter as soon as possible.

　　On January 7th, it was reported that a person close to the Securities and Futures Commission revealed that the guidance and policies on science and technology innovation board’s landing were still in the works, and would be introduced as soon as the first quarter. He also said that although local governments have collected a lot of enterprise lists, the intermediary mode sponsored by brokers will not change in science and technology innovation board. "The financing function of A shares for the real economy is always in the first place." The above-mentioned people believe that this precondition determines that the launch of science and technology innovation board should also focus on this purpose.

　　9. Samsung Electronics’ quarterly profit may decline for the first time in two years.

　　On January 7th, it was reported that with the slowdown of market demand in China, Samsung Electronics will see its first quarterly operating profit decline in two years. Samsung will release its preliminary results for the fourth quarter on January 8, and according to analysts’ average forecast, Samsung’s operating profit for the quarter fell by 12% year-on-year to 13.3 trillion won (US$ 11.85 billion). The company’s profit for the whole year of 2019 will also decline.

　　10. Huami released AMAZFIT rice bracelet 2 for 299 yuan.

　　On January 7th, it was reported that Huami Technology released AMAZFIT rice bracelet 2. The bracelet has a 1.23-inch color touch screen, NFC bus card simulation in 163 cities, 50-meter swimming waterproof, music control and other functions, and uses the photoelectric continuous heart rate sensor and heart rate monitoring algorithm independently developed by Huami Technology. AMAZFIT bracelet 2 is currently priced at 299 yuan, and will be sold on platforms such as JD.COM and Tmall AMAZFIT flagship store on January 8th.

　　　 This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: Wise Things. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

This summer

Temperatures in many parts of the country hit a historical record.

Since the ambush

Only air conditioners, fans and cold drinks can "continue life"

But when it comes to "cold drinks", many parents wave their hands again and again.

High in sugar, oil and calories.

Better eat fruit.

After all, summer

It is a good season to eat fruit.

not only that；nay

There is a way to eat fruit.

But it’s better than "cold drink"

that is

"Frozen" to eat!

Frozen fruit is better than you think.

Many people say that since eating frozen fruit, even ice cream is inferior!

The delicious ice cream mainly depends on fat, protein and sugar. Wherein fat and protein provide mouthfeel.

Protein will seize the "water" molecules in sugar water to form bound water; Fat is broken up to form small fat balls, which are combined with protein and water, and they work together to form a smoother and more delicate taste.

This kind of taste can also be found in frozen durian.

Moreover, even though durian is already the king of calories in fruits, reaching 150kcal/100g, it is just a low-fat product compared with ice cream.

In addition to durian, there are bananas, which are also comparable to ice cream.

At the same time, researchers in many countries believe that super-processed foods (ice cream, chocolate, cakes, potato chips) and so on are positively related to obesity. High calorie is not the main problem of these foods. The bigger problem is that they are often high in sugar, fat and salt, and rarely provide diversified nutrition. They can be obtained everywhere and are particularly easy to eat more.

Delicious, nutritious and not fat, frozen fruit is really worth a try.

Recommended frozen fruit "red list"

Frozen fruit is delicious, but not all fruits are suitable to be thrown into the refrigerator.

Only those with high sweetness (ripe), fine texture, delicate and smooth taste of ice cream or cool and refreshing smoothies are suitable for freezing.

Specifically recommend several models for everyone:

Frozen durian can be described as a "perfect substitute" for dessert. protein and fat are high, so it will taste like ice cream, but durian is also high in sugar. Children who control their weight should not be greedy!

one

Banana is high in potassium and low in sodium, which is the best choice for quick energy supplement. The taste of frozen bananas is also very similar to that of ice cream, and the taste is soft and waxy like adding cream. However, it needs to be reminded that frozen bananas should be peeled before freezing, otherwise they will be frostbitten.

2

Mango has a high carotene content, 45 to 104 times that of apple, which is helpful to improve night blindness, and it is also a selenium-rich food. The frozen mango has a more fragrant aroma and a fine and soft taste. However, it is best to peel mangoes after freezing, and it is best to choose ripe mangoes for freezing.

three

Jackfruit is a high-potassium food. After freezing, its taste is crisp and waxy, so it is worth a try. However, the sugar content of jackfruit is very high, so children who need to lose weight should control their consumption.

four

Croissant honey is a representative of sweet but not fat fruit. It tastes sweet and refreshing, but in fact it is not high in calories. The taste of frozen croissant honey is very similar to that of sandwich ice cream, with crisp outer layer and soft inner core. Children who are greedy for "sandwich ice cream" are worth a try.

five

Grapes are rich in a variety of fruit acids to help digestion, and high levels of vitamin C and anthocyanins are also beneficial to the body. Frozen grapes taste like smoothies, and after melting a little, they look like jelly.

six

Litchi has a high content of vitamin C, which is comparable to citrus fruits. Frozen litchi mixed with pulp with ice residue is very chewy. It should be noted that the sugar content of litchi is also very high. Although a considerable part is fructose, the total amount of glucose and sucrose is not low. Children who need to control sugar should eat less.

seven

Watermelon, a fruit with moisture in off the charts, is a proper popsicle after freezing. It has a rustling taste and melts in your mouth and is full of juice.

eight

Papaya must be softened before freezing. Soft papaya is frozen for one night, slightly warmed up, soft and waxy, with delicate pulp, and there is no ice residue in it, which is biased towards the dense taste of ice cream. After freezing, the fragrance of papaya became more and more full, and the sweetness became refreshing.

nine

Tips:

Fruits with high sweetness and good flavor are delicious when frozen, and the sweetness after freezing is not so greasy. Tropical fruits such as durian, mango and pineapple are generally suitable for frozen eating; On the contrary, the more sour the fruit, the less suitable it is to be frozen. Don’t try fruits like plums, apricots and oranges easily.

Fruits with high fructose content are sweet at low temperature, such as grapes and watermelons, which are sweet and refreshing after freezing; Fruits with high sucrose content have similar sweetness at any temperature, such as dates and peaches, which will not be sweeter after freezing.

There are requirements for "frozen" fruits

Although frozen fruit is delicious, improper operation may "hurt" your body!

Many parents worry that their children think that eating cold food will cause diarrhea. But in fact, sometimes children will feel uncomfortable after eating cold food, which may not be caused by "cold", but there may also be the following reasons:

Food intolerance (or allergy)

Some children have gastrointestinal discomfort after eating certain foods, which is largely due to food allergies. In summer fruits, mangoes and pineapples are allergic foods. In addition to allergies, there may be food intolerance. Some children’s intestines and stomach can’t digest and decompose certain foods, which will cause discomfort such as flatulence, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Eat too much at once

Eating frozen fruit in summer can cool off the heat and quench thirst, so it is easy for children to binge and eat if they are not careful. But in fact, whether it is warm or cold, eating too much is easy to cause indigestion.

Personal constitution

Some children have a fragile stomach. If they have irritable bowel syndrome and are prone to gastroenteritis, eating cold food may cause stomach upset.

In addition, there is one of the most important reasons that must be paid attention to when freezing fruits, that is-

Food is contaminated by germs.

In the process of fruit pretreatment, frozen fruit and thawing, food comes into contact with some microorganisms, causing virus, bacteria and protozoa infection, causing abdominal pain and diarrhea in children.

Therefore, I suggest you:

Pay attention to the separation of raw and cooked in pretreatment.

Use clean chopping boards and drinking water when peeling and cleaning. Cutting tools and chopping boards should be separated from raw ones.

If there is room in the refrigerator, you can use a freezer drawer to store frozen fruits. If there is not such a big place, be careful not to put frozen fruits and raw meat products together.

Do a good job of packing and sealing.

Although the microbial reproduction of fruit is slow after freezing, it can be preserved for a long time in theory. However, if the fruit is frozen for too long, it will produce large ice crystals, and many fruits will easily taste bad, which will affect the taste.

Don’t freeze and thaw repeatedly

Repeated freezing and thawing is not only a serious nutrient loss, but also prone to deterioration.

Finally, the frozen fruit can be eaten after 5 to 10 minutes.

Eating fruit should also be divided into time periods

Fruit itself contains different enzymes. If you want enzymes to have different effects in the body, you should also choose the most suitable time to eat.

Don’t eat too sour on an empty stomach.

People with poor gastrointestinal function should not eat fruit in the morning. Bananas are also not suitable for eating on an empty stomach, which will speed up the movement of the stomach and increase the burden on the heart.

Eating fruit between meals can quickly supplement vitamins.

When eating fruit between meals, fructose and glucose in the fruit can be quickly absorbed by the human body. Pineapples can be eaten after lunch, and watermelons are best eaten two hours after meals.

Don’t eat a lot after dinner.

Eating fruit 1 hour after a meal helps digestion, and you can choose fruits with high organic acid content such as pineapple and hawthorn.

But don’t eat a lot of fruit after dinner, which is not good for digestion, and it is easy to turn the sugar into fat and accumulate in the body because of eating too much.

Homemade fruit ice cream

If you want to make ice cream for your child, you must remember the following "formula":

Frozen fruit+yogurt+banana+whipping

Mix frozen fruit, yogurt and bananas, whip them finely, then put them into a mold, and freeze them for 30-40 minutes, and they will become home-made fruit ice cream!

Passion fruit mango flavor ice cream

350g frozen mango meat +60g frozen passion fruit juice +1 banana at room temperature +100g frozen thick yogurt.

Qing ti mi gua Wei ice cream

350g frozen honeydew melon +250g frozen green extract +1 banana at room temperature +100g frozen thick yogurt.

Frozen fruit, in the way of delicious, cool and not fattening, prolongs the taste period of seasonal fruits and also prolongs the happiness in summer.

Parents may wish to give their children a try when they have time!

Source: "Capital Education (id:bjedunews)" Part of the materials in this article are integrated from Life Times and Caicai Food Diary.

ShangguanNo. Author: Oriental Education Times

　　Reference message networkReported on February 19 Today is the rain in the solar terms in China, and it is also the last important festival in the Spring Festival customs — — Lantern Festival.

　　In June 2008, the Lantern Festival was selected as a national intangible cultural heritage. This traditional festival celebrated by China people has attracted worldwide attention.

　　So, what is the China Lantern Festival in the eyes of foreign media? With this question, Xiao Bian put down the dumplings in his hand and opened the old newspaper of Reference News. While looking for foreign media reports on the Lantern Festival, he felt all kinds of changes and invariants in the development of the times … …

　　In 2006, the online edition of The Times published an article entitled "Every household adheres to the ancient custom of eating Yuanxiao", which recorded the Lantern Festival time of a family in Beijing:

　　"Wang wrapped in thick cotton-padded clothes and his mother stood in line for half an hour in the cold just to buy a bag of old brand Yuanxiao. The mother said: ‘ Such hard work is worth it. You have to eat Yuanxiao today, because it is a symbol of family reunion. ’”

　　The word "stick to it" in the title of this article impressed Xiaobian. Why should we "stick to it" when eating Yuanxiao?

　　Combined with the social background at that time, this problem is not difficult to understand. At that time, foreign festivals, commonly known as "foreign festivals", began to occupy a place in the lives of ordinary people in China, and even triggered a query that "traditional festivals are no match for foreign festivals".

　　The most typical ones are Valentine’s Day and Lantern Festival. A "foreign festival", a traditional festival, is very close to each other every year: for example, the Lantern Festival is the second day of Valentine’s Day in 2003, and there is only one day between Lantern Festival and Valentine’s Day in 2006. The closeness of the two festivals made the topic of sticking to traditional festivals more prominent.

　　For example, in an AFP article entitled "China people celebrate Valentine’s Day and Lantern Festival successively" in 2003, it was mentioned that China people celebrated Valentine’s Day with double joy this year, because people could celebrate the traditional Lantern Festival after Valentine’s Day at the same time.

　　The media said that "since opening to the outside world, China has been more and more keen on Valentine’s Day". Although February 15th (Saturday) was the Lantern Festival that year, many people hung lanterns on the evening of 14th (Friday) to celebrate Valentine’s Day and Lantern Festival at the same time.

　　After a lapse of three years, the Financial Times in 2006 also celebrated the "Foreign Festival" with "China in vogue"? It is reported that although China today is more confident and tolerant, not all China people are happy or optimistic about the fashion change of "foreign festivals" for young people. The newspaper mentioned a China person who rightly said: "Even if Valentine’s Day and Lantern Festival in the West are close this year, it can’t make ‘ Lover’s mood ’ Squeeze ‘ Celebrate the whole world and have fun with the people ’ The cultural connotation. "

　　Today, 15 years later, when we look at the reports at that time, we may not feel so strongly about this topic. In Xiaobian’s view, even though China people have become accustomed to some "foreign festivals", their enthusiasm for traditional festivals such as the Lantern Festival has not diminished at all.

　　Moreover, it has been proved that the traditional Lantern Festival custom has not faded with the progress of the times.

　　In 2013, united press international reported that in Pingyao, Shanxi Province, every household hung red lanterns and set off fireworks to celebrate the Lantern Festival.

　　Sarah brown, an Australian tourist, said, "We came to Pingyao from Beijing and felt the different atmosphere of the Lantern Festival. The atmosphere in Pingyao is more cheerful. It’s easy to get separated from friends in such a bustling street … … We feel the charm of the China Lunar New Year. "

　　At that time, AFP reporters came to Nuanquan Town, Hebei Province, and recorded the local people’s way of ending the Lunar New Year with a unique "Da Shu Hua Show" performance.

　　According to the report, this way of celebrating Lantern Festival, invented more than 300 years ago, is one of many ancient folk activities in China that have been restored in recent decades.

On the evening of February 5, 2019, folk artists performed "Da Shu Hua Show" at the Asia-Pacific Temple Fair in zunhua city, Hebei Province. (Xinhua News Agency)

　　AFP reporter recorded the process of the performance: the master who performed "Da Shu Hua Show" only "equipped" the straw hat and protective glasses. They scooped molten iron out of the bucket and splashed it on a brick wall. The iron flowers splashed on the brick wall, which was very spectacular.

　　According to the report, this spectacular scene caused deafening cheers from the audience in Wenquan Town. Wenquan Town is only a few hours’ drive from Beijing. In order to promote the development of tourism, Wenquan Town resumed this folk activity with a history of hundreds of years.

　　Of course, with the restoration of traditional folk customs, the way to celebrate the Lantern Festival is also changing in another way.

　　In a report in 2017, the online reporter of Hong Kong Asia Times mentioned that when the Lantern Festival was held in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province in 2016, there was a beautiful electronic light show at the local Chinese Dinosaur Park, but it was not a traditional lantern, and of course there were no riddles.

　　Spain’s Effie also noticed a new way to celebrate the Lantern Festival. The agency reported in 2016 that in order to celebrate the Lantern Festival, many people visited the Longqingxia Ice Lantern Art Festival in Yanqing District, Beijing. As one of the competition areas of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, many ice sculptures at the festival are sports-oriented.

　　Mr. Jiang, a tourist, came here with his family for the holiday. He said that although these ice sculptures are a little far from the traditional Lantern Festival celebration elements, he feels: "We should keep pace with the times, and these are very special." Mr. Jiang said: "Of course, this is not a traditional way to celebrate, but we like it very much, and the children are also very interested in ice sculptures", especially the ice sculptures with the theme of the 2020 Olympic Games.

　　"With the development of economy and society, China people’s Chinese New Year activities are gradually changing to a more modern form." Effie commented.

　　Of course, the Effie reporter also noticed that in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, not far from Beijing, the celebration activities are much more traditional. Besides singing and dancing in traditional costumes, there are also traditional folk activities such as walking on stilts.

　　In short, Xiao Bian believes that both adhering to the traditional customs and exploring the modern ways of celebrating the Lantern Festival express China people’s persistence and love for the traditional festivals.

As the Lantern Festival approaches in 2019, many activities such as Dragon Lantern Festival and Dragon Lantern Show are held in Guizhou Province to celebrate the Lantern Festival and the Spring Festival. (Xinhua News Agency)

(Observer News) According to Kyodo News, the world baseball classic (WBC) final was held in Miami, Florida, USA on the 21st local time. Japan defeated the last champion, the United States, 3-2 to win the championship for the third time. The last time Japan won the championship was the second WBC in 2009.

Japan won the championship. Figure from Kyodo News

A few days ago, a patient reported that the Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu City, Anhui Province (hereinafter referred to as "Wuhu Second Hospital") overcharged medical expenses, which aroused strong concern in the industry about "excessive diagnosis and treatment".

On December 2nd, Anhui Medical Insurance Bureau informed the Second Hospital of Wuhu about the illegal use of medical insurance funds, and on the 4th, official website of Hunan Medical Insurance Bureau issued the "Administrative Punishment of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University", which fined the hospital about 980,000 yuan for illegal use of medical insurance funds.

CBN found that in recent years, the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds (hereinafter referred to as the Administrative Regulations) and the Interim Measures for the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds (hereinafter referred to as the Interim Measures) and other laws and regulations have been promulgated one after another, providing policy and legal basis for the supervision of medical insurance funds; As a complement to the Interim Measures, the Measures for Reporting Incentives for Illegal Use of Medical Insurance Funds (hereinafter referred to as the "Incentive Measures") was also released in November 2022. This document is to mobilize social forces to participate in fund supervision and safeguard the safety of medical insurance funds.

The National Medical Insurance Bureau has repeatedly stressed that the medical insurance fund will never become "Tang monk meat". According to official data, since 2019, the National Medical Insurance Bureau has sent a total of 184 flight inspection teams to inspect 384 designated medical institutions, and found that 4.35 billion yuan of related funds were used illegally. Since the implementation of the "Incentive Measures" in January this year, medical insurance departments at all levels across the country have verified and recovered the amount of medical insurance violations of 158 million yuan according to the clues reported by the masses.

An expert on medical insurance policy told CBN that with the increasing efforts to crack down on fraudulent medical insurance in China, blatant fraudulent medical insurance behaviors such as "fake patients", "fake services", "fake medical products" and "fake medical insurance expenses" have been effectively curbed, but some fraudulent medical insurance behaviors have also shifted from the front to the back, and gradually changed to behaviors such as excessive medical treatment and excessive fees. How to determine the boundary of excessive medical treatment and how to adopt scientific and accurate comprehensive management methods are the key points in the next stage.

The boundary of "excessive diagnosis and treatment"

According to the notification of Anhui Medical Insurance Bureau, Wuhu Medical Insurance Bureau has fully recovered the medical insurance fund illegally used by Wuhu Second Hospital according to the medical insurance service agreement signed by the hospital, and deducted the liquidated damages at 30%, interviewed the relevant person in charge of the hospital, and handed it over to the public security and health care departments for further verification. At the same time, the bureau has started the administrative punishment procedure in accordance with the Management Regulations.

"Medical insurance service agreements are handled in different ways, but most medical institutions deduct liquidated damages at a rate of 30%." A person in charge of the medical reform department of a health and wellness commission in the southern region told the reporter that in addition to the treatment method according to the medical insurance service agreement, in the administrative punishment procedure, the above-mentioned "Management Regulations" stipulates that illegal acts that cause losses to the medical insurance fund shall be ordered to return, and a fine of more than 1 time and less than 2 times shall be imposed.

Zhao Dahai, a professor at the School of International and Public Affairs of Shanghai Jiaotong University, told the First Financial Reporter that whether it is for medical institutions or medical staff, the end of over-diagnosis and treatment must bring economic returns to themselves and institutions (institutions also involve scale expansion), but in the final analysis, the supervision of medical insurance funds needs a set of strict, scientific and legally effective standards to judge and identify.

"For public hospitals, we can constantly correct their use of medical insurance funds by strengthening supervision, but private hospitals and pharmacies have certain commercial attributes, so we still need to rely on effective supervision methods when avoiding the risk of fraudulent insurance." Zhao Dahai said that in the next stage, health care and medical insurance departments can jointly promote the standardization and implementation of clinical diagnosis and treatment paths.

To this end, the person in charge of the medical insurance service department of a top-three hospital in Beijing said that at any time, medical institutions should never make profits by prescribing drugs and consumables without collecting the information of the insured. This is malicious fraud and insurance fraud, and it is also the bottom line problem. However, at this stage, it is not uncommon for medical institutions to occupy too much medical insurance funds by improving the accessibility of drugs and consumables.

"But whether this belongs to’ excessive diagnosis and treatment’ needs to be viewed objectively." The person in charge said that on the one hand, some innovative drugs are expensive but have great benefits to diseases, and doctors prescribe them for patients out of kindness. However, due to the annual update of the medical insurance catalogue, whether the innovative drugs are still within the scope of the medical insurance catalogue, whether the medical insurance limited payment ratio has been adjusted, and whether the patient’s area is applicable need further careful confirmation. On the other hand, the scope of medical insurance fund’s limited payment needs to refer to a number of matters, including the indications in the drug instructions and the reimbursement ratio of the insured’s location. "It is almost impossible for doctors to record all the contents and ensure that there are no mistakes. Therefore, it is imperative to introduce an information-assisted platform and do a good job in training."

Is there a solution to the problem that medical institutions illegally use medical insurance funds caused by "excessive diagnosis and treatment"?

Cai Haiqing, former director of the Treatment Protection Department of Jiangxi Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau, said that, first of all, it is necessary to solve the problem of how to identify "excessive diagnosis and treatment"; Secondly, with the comprehensive implementation of the reform of DRGs (Payment by Disease Diagnosis Group) and DIG (Payment by Disease Score), the problem of medical insurance payment currently facing the clinic is to solve the problem of "over-diagnosis and treatment" and to prevent possible insufficient diagnosis and treatment. "Insufficient diagnosis and treatment includes low-standard discharge, reducing necessary medical services and inspection items, and reducing the use of drugs and consumables. This situation is to reduce the cost of medical services and improve the yield."

As a matter of fact, the First Financial Reporter learned in the industry that it is difficult to identify, identify and dispose of over-medical treatment. In June this year, "Research on the Identification of Over-medical Treatment Behavior and the Regulation Rules of Medical Insurance" released the first "over-medical treatment index system". The theoretical basis of this system includes sampling data, written materials and written materials of fund supervision discussions of 121 designated medical insurance institutions in Shanghai. It involves 5 first-level indicators, 30 second-level indicators and 67 third-level indicators.

"Although the system is developed in the form of research, it is still some time before it is fully implemented, but at least it has broken the definition of the boundary of overtreatment." Cai Haiqing said.

Regulatory challenges

Since the beginning of this year, official website, the National Medical Insurance Bureau, has published 40 typical cases of fraudulent insurance in four phases. The illegal use of medical insurance funds includes: changing medical treatment items, falsely recording infusion drugs, treatment and inspection fees, forging materials, uploading false medication data, etc. Most of these cases were discovered by local medical insurance departments through active forms such as medical data verification in different places, big data screening and analysis, and on-site supervision and inspection.

On the basis of the previous vigorous rectification work, what are the challenges in the supervision of medical insurance funds and how to establish a long-term supervision mechanism?

To this end, Yu Changyong, an associate professor at the School of Public Administration of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, told reporters that under the new situation, the new challenges of China’s medical insurance fund supervision can be interpreted from four aspects. First of all, after years of flight inspection and special work to combat fraud and insurance fraud, some "blatant" fraud and insurance fraud in the past have been effectively curbed, and the means of fraud and insurance fraud will be more subtle and the way of fraud will be more complicated.

Secondly, the overall level of medical insurance in various regions has been gradually improved, and the area where patients seek medical treatment has become larger, which will also significantly expand the scope of supervision of medical insurance funds and increase the difficulty of supervision. Thirdly, the reform of outpatient co-ordination makes the medical insurance department not only supervise the hospitalization behavior, but also supervise the outpatient behavior and the drug purchase behavior of pharmacies, and the objects and contents of supervision will show explosive growth.

In addition, the state attaches great importance to the development of Chinese medicine, and Chinese medicine services will be further included in the scope of medical insurance fund payment. However, Chinese medicine services are often treated by people and diseases, and its legal compliance or more difficult to judge, making it more difficult to supervise medical insurance funds.

To this end, Yu Changyong suggested that for some hidden and complicated illegal use of medical insurance funds, the medical insurance administrative department needs to be accurate and qualitative, and administer according to law; On the other hand, it is necessary to increase administrative punishment and even criminal punishment. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of intelligent monitoring and big data screening mechanisms, and establish a credit supervision system as soon as possible.

For the establishment of a long-term mechanism, a medical insurance fund supervisor said that in fact, in the past, the punishment for illegal use of medical insurance funds was mostly in medical institutions, and the punishment for individuals was not enough; At the same time, due to the low cost of violating laws and regulations, in most cases, it is ultimately handled in accordance with the medical insurance service agreement, and administrative punishment, transfer to justice or discipline inspection are rare.

"On the one hand, it is recommended that the medical insurance department unify the standards for law enforcement and incorporate illegal acts of medical institutions into credit management; On the other hand, medical institutions should establish the accountability system, reward and punishment system for the main leaders of the party and government and department heads, and improve the business training in the field of medical insurance payment. In addition, it is necessary to improve the comprehensive supervision mechanism that pays equal attention to incentives and constraints. Medical institutions that self-examine and self-correct and voluntarily return funds can reduce or not be punished. However, for those medical institutions and individuals who repeatedly check recidivism and do not change, they must be dealt with severely. " The source said.

Generative AI is getting more and more popular. Is this really a good business?

Recently, AI painting is on fire.

By inputting some words, AI can generate an image that matches the words in a few seconds. These images are wild, and some are even bizarre. For example, people have extra fingers on their hands, and their fingers bend unnaturally. Even, AI can generate some meaningless billboards and alphabets that humans have never seen before.

Although AI painting is outrageous, it has set off a wave of science and technology: the spring of generative AI has come.

David Beisel, a venture capitalist at NextView Ventures, said that in the past three months, the word "generative AI" once became a hot word. Moreover, the generative AI technology has developed rapidly and the market enthusiasm is so high that many people even quit their jobs to start a business in this field.

There is no doubt that AI has been in a prosperous stage in the past five years or so, but most of these past advances have to do with understanding the existing data-for example, the AI model has been able to quickly and efficiently identify whether there are only cats in your mobile phone photos. However, the generative AI model generates something completely new that has never been seen before. In other words, generative AI is not just about analyzing existing data, but creating.

Boris Dayma, founder of Craiyon generative AI, believes that "generative AI is not only creating old images, but also creating many new things, which are completely different from what we have seen before."

Sequoia Capital also said in a blog post on its website: "Generative AI has the potential to create trillions of dollars in economic value." Sequoia Capital predicts that generative AI may change all industries that require human beings to create original works, from games to advertising to the legal profession. It is worth mentioning that Sequoia Capital also pointed out in its blog post that this message was partly written by GPT-3 (GPT-3 is a generative AI capable of generating text).

Working principle of generative AI

In the past, deep learning technology was widely used to train the model on large data sets. When the program understands the relationships in these data, the model can be applied to actual scenes, such as identifying whether there is a dog in a picture or translating text, and so on.

The working principle of the image generator is to reverse this process. For example, instead of translating English into French, it translates English phrases into images. Specifically, it usually has two main parts, one is to process initial phrases, and the other is to convert data into images.

At first, generative AI was based on a method called GAN, that is, the generative adversarial network. In essence, this method is to make two artificial intelligence models compete with each other to better create images that meet the target.

At present, generative AI is usually based on Transformer, such as image generator DALL-E and so on. DALL-E was first created by OpenAI in 2021, and in 2022, OpenAI released DALL-E 2.

Christian Cantrell, a developer who focuses on generative AI, said: "With DALL-E 2, we can really cross uncanny valley." (The Valley of Terror theory is a hypothesis about human perception of robots and non-human objects. It was put forward by Japanese robot expert Masahiro Mori in 1970. )

Another commonly used AI-based image generator is Craiyon (formerly known as DALL-E Mini), where users can enter phrases in the browser and see the illustrations it generates within a few minutes.

According to Dayma, since its launch in July 2021, Craiyon has produced about 10 million unprecedented pictures every day, which adds up to 1 billion. Earlier this year, the use of Crayon soared, and Dayma also took Crayon as its full-time job. In addition, Dayma has created a Twitter account to post the weirdest and most creative pictures generated by Craiyon. For example, ketchup comes out of the tap on the Italian sink.

In addition, Stable Diffusion has also received wide attention. The project was released in August this year and has been open source on GitHub. Developers can run the project on computers, not just in the cloud or through programming interfaces. For example, Stable Diffusion can be integrated into Adobe Photoshop by plug-in, allowing users to generate backgrounds and other parts of images, and use layers and other Photoshop tools to operate in applications.

Cantrell, the developer of the plug-in, said, "I want to meet these creative professionals, so that they can introduce artificial intelligence into their creative work, instead of destroying their work."

It is understood that Cantrell has worked for Adobe for 20 years. After leaving in 2022, Cantrell focused on the direction of generative AI. Cantrell said that Stable Diffusion has been downloaded tens of thousands of times, and artists told him that they used this plug-in in many unexpected places, such as making Godzilla animation or creating pictures of Spider-Man.

Start-up companies get together

Some investors regard generative AI as a potentially transformative change, just like the early development of smart phones or the Internet. This kind of transformation has greatly expanded the potential market of this technology.

"Before that, artificial intelligence was not unprecedented. Before 2007, we were not without mobile devices, "said Beisel, a seed investor." But at this moment, everything came together. The final consumer can experience and see something different from before. "

Cantrell believes that machine learning is similar to a more basic technology: database. "Machine learning is a bit like a database, which opens up a whole new world for network applications. All the applications we have used in our life are built on the database. But no one cares about how the database works. People only know how to use it. "

Michael Dempsey, managing partner of Compound VC, said that in the past, it was "very rare" for laboratory technology to enter the mainstream, but at present, generative AI has attracted wide attention of venture capitalists. Nevertheless, he warned that the current generative AI may be in the "curious stage" near the peak of the hype cycle, and the companies established at this stage may fail because they don’t focus on the specific uses that enterprises or consumers are willing to pay for.

Others in the industry believe that startups that can apply new technologies such as generative AI today may challenge technology giants such as Google, Meta and Microsoft in the future.

At present, many companies applying generative AI technology have already received large amount of financing, and their valuations have also risen. For example, earlier this year, Hugging Face was valued at $2 billion after receiving investments including Lux Capital and Sequoia Capital; OpenAI has also received more than $1 billion from Microsoft and Khosla Ventures.

In addition, according to Forbes, Stability AI, the developer of Stable Diffusion, is negotiating with investment institutions to raise up to $1 billion in venture capital.

Cloud vendors and chip vendors will benefit.

Besides start-ups, cloud service providers such as Amazon, Microsoft and Google can also benefit from it, because generative AI may require a huge amount of computation.

Meta and Google have also taken action and started recruiting talents. In September of this year, Meta released an artificial intelligence application called "Make-A-Video", which can generate videos, which makes the generative AI technology a step further.

"This is a great progress," Zuckerberg, CEO of Meta, posted on his Facebook page. "It is much more difficult to generate videos than photos, because besides correctly generating each pixel, the system must also predict how they will change over time."

Recently, Google matched with Meta and released a program code called Phenaki, which can also convert text into video and generate several minutes of footage.

This craze may also boost chip manufacturers such as Nvidia, AMD and Intel, because the advanced graphics processors produced by these companies are ideal for training and deploying artificial intelligence models.

At a recent meeting, Huang Renxun, CEO of Nvidia, emphasized that generative AI is the key use of the company’s latest chip, and he said that this kind of program may "revolutionize communication" soon.

At present, there are not many uses of generative AI that can generate commercial benefits. Many exciting breakthroughs today come from free or low-cost experiments. For example, some writers have tried to use image generator to generate images for articles. An example of Nvidia is to use a model to generate new 3D images, including people, animals, vehicles or furniture, which can be filled into the virtual game world.

Ethical issues can not be ignored.

While generating AI excites the industry, the ethical issues it brings are also worthy of attention.

The first is employment. Compared with professional illustrators, generative AI is obviously cheaper. Therefore, generative AI is likely to rob artists, video producers and other people engaged in creative work of their "rice bowls".

In addition, there are complex problems in originality and ownership of the content created by generative AI.

Generated AI is trained on a large number of images. Therefore, it is still controversial whether the creator of the original image has copyright requirements for the generated new image.

Some time ago, an artist won an art competition in Colorado, and his winning image was created by a generative AI named MidJourney. After winning, the artist said in an interview that he selected one image from hundreds of images generated by himself and post-processed it in Photoshop.

It is worth mentioning that some images generated by Stable Diffusion are watermarked, which indicates that some of the original data sets are copyrighted. Previously, Getty Images (a picture trading company based in Seattle, USA) announced that it was forbidden for users to upload generated AI pictures to its picture library, because the company was worried that there might be some copyright problems in such pictures. .

With the improvement of image generation software, generative AI may also deceive users, make them believe false information, or display images or videos of events that never happened.

In addition, developers must also deal with the possibility that models trained on a large amount of data may have biases related to gender, race or culture contained in the data, which may cause the models to show such biases in their outputs.

Original link:

Source: AI Frontline, author: Kif Leswing. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it.

Since the reform and opening up, the urban management of Shanghai can be divided into three stages: the initial stage of reform and opening up to 2000, the construction management is cracked by solving the "three difficulties" (difficulty in transportation, housing difficulties, and environmental difficulties). With people -oriented, management as the first, safety as the first, to welcome the "Expo" event and consolidate "comprehensive management" as the main task; since 2017, it has entered refined management to make good use of the "three hearts and one needle" (embroidery -like " Carefulness, patience, excellence, and embroidery needle), build four beams and eight pillars.

After more than forty years of practice and exploration, Shanghai has accumulated rich experience in the process of dealing with various complex problems operating in large cities, and conducted a comprehensive exploration in the refinement of urban management.

In 2021, the Shanghai Housing and Urban -Rural Development Management Committee organized the writing "Exploration and Practice Series of the Construction of" People’s City "in the New Era". Strengthen the refined work of urban management and promote the exploration and practice of people’s urban construction. The book uses the four main "needle methods": rule of law, standardization, intelligence, and socialization (fourizations), combined with cases to detailed how Shanghai performs refined management.

In the chapter of the "rule of the rule of law" the "warning line" of urban management, the writing group cuts in from the legislative, revision, law enforcement and law popularization of the city management field in Shanghai, analyzes the application of the rule of law thinking in the management process, and confirms the construction of the rule of law. Fundamental role in urban management. We have edited some of the contents of this chapter, explained the necessity of rule of law in urban management, and selected one of the most representative cases in order to readers.

For a long time, Shanghai has always regarded the rule of law as an important cornerstone of the construction of governance systems and governance capabilities, based on the management needs of oversized cities, and continuously refining and optimizing the guarantee of legal systems.

In early 2021, driving into the Fenhu Daokou of the G50 Shanghai -Chongqing High Speed ??Speed ??and entering the boundary of Shanghai, Mr. Lin, who was sitting in the co -driver, received a text message- "The Regulations on the Administration of Shanghai Public Health Emergency" will be implemented on November 1, 2020. Everyone is responsible for preventing and controlling and controlling it according to law. Strengthen self -health management, strengthen self -protection awareness, wash hands, divide hands, use public chopstick spoons. Enter the airport, railway station, bus, subway and other public places to wear masks as required to maintain social distance ""

"It is illegal to wear a mask in Shanghai in public places." Mr. Lin turned his head and told his friends and took out the mask from his pocket.

The "Regulations on the Administration of Public Health Emergency" clearly stipulates that during the popularity of respiratory infectious diseases, entering public places should be worn in accordance with the requirements and maintain a social distance. Today, wearing a mask in public places is not only a civilized habit, but also a legal obligation that Shanghai citizens should adhere to.

How to use the rule of law thinking and the rule of law to regulate the public order of the city, so that the law can be dependent on, and the law is based on the law. It is an inevitable requirement and important content of the construction and management of modern cities. From the perspective of the refined goals of urban management, the accuracy and effectiveness of management methods should meet the basic requirements of standardized implementation, and the standardization of the means requires the establishment, sound, and perfect legal and regulatory system to enhance the particle size and refinement of legal resources With high rigorous rules and the spirit of the rule of law, it provides a solid institutional foundation and exquisite behavioral guidance for the efficient operation of urban management. On the one hand, we can rule the people and the people in accordance with the law, and use laws and regulations to restrict the behavior of citizens; on the other hand, in accordance with the right to rule, govern officials, regulate the behavior of government agencies and their public officials, and use laws and regulations to control the exercise of public power. It can be said that the process of continuous improvement of the rule of law in urban management itself is an important practice of the concept of "the people of the people’s city and the people’s city for the people".

The standardization of management methods is also conducive to overcoming the disadvantages of sports and empirical governance, and improving the long -term and stability of urban governance. The content of the standardized management methods also includes the clear division of the rights and obligations of various types of public affairs and the supply of public services, and the determination of organizational management and operating rules provides behavioral specifications for various governance subjects, and provides public rights of the public. Standards and basis, guide urban management laws and regulations to become social consensus and behavioral rules.

For the government, the rule of law of management methods lies in clarifying its responsibilities and their behavioral standards, accelerating the transformation of government functions, and promoting the original inherent leadership decision -making government to the legal decision -making government through the construction of the rule of law. For citizens, as the main body of the city, citizens have the right to also obliges to improve the literacy and legal awareness of the rule of law, can establish reasonable expectations for administrative processes and management effects, and achieve effective supervision of public administration. It can be seen that the rule of law is the core symbol of urban competitiveness and the dazzling business card for urban governance.

The ideal state of rule of law is "the law can be prohibited, and the law is prohibited without authorization." To achieve this goal, the lack of legislation, law enforcement, and law general law is indispensable. Especially for Shanghai with the inheritance of sea -faction culture, its regional culture itself has a basis for contract civilization.

Shanghai is the first city in the country to implement garbage classification. From July 1, 2019 to the present, it has formed a situation of Shanghai demonstration and onlookers in the country. For Shanghai, legislation is both the task required by superiors, but also the endogenous demand generated by garbage classification to a certain stage. Up to now, the "Regulations on the Management of Shanghai Municipal Lomitic waste" have been implemented for more than two years, and the garbage classification has entered the daily life of each Shanghai person. It shows the civilization of the city.

Case: Fine Management -Taking the "Regulations on the Management of Shanghai Municipal Links" as an example

From 2005 to 2010, the average annual growth rate of Shanghai’s domestic waste was about 3%, the average annual growth rate from 2011-2017 was 4%, and the annual growth rate after 2014 reached 5%. And the traditional garbage treatment method, whether it is incineration or landfill, will bring obvious problems: occupying tens of thousands of acres of land, mosquito flies fly chaotic, sewage overflows, smells of the sky, seriously pollute the soil and groundwater environment … The number of garbage is still threatening the lives of various wild animals, and the garbage in rivers and oceans invades the habitat of aquatic creatures, causing them to die by mistake and even species extinction. At the same time, the two evils brought by the waste incineration are one of the most deadly toxic substances on the earth. After the incineration is discharged and discharged, it can diffuse from a long distance. Once the pollutants enter the human body, they will stay for a long time and eventually cause cancer. "Garbage siege" has been "under the city."

Promoting garbage classification can effectively improve the efficiency of garbage treatment, reduce treatment costs, reduce land consumption and environmental pollution, drive circular economy, save resources, and turn waste into treasures, and have the benefits of social, economic and ecological aspects. However, in order to do a good job of domestic waste, we must change people’s behavior habits and require a long -term process. Refined governance of domestic garbage in other countries often go through decades or even longer efforts. Therefore, the legislative work of the garbage classification is not only the need to mobilize the entire force, but also the most powerful education and guidance of this work and the most powerful education and control.

On the basis of a large -scale questionnaire survey and full review, Shanghai people have reviewed and approved the "Shanghai Municipal Home Wurns Management Regulations" greater than January 2019. It is announced that it will be officially implemented on July 1, 2019. Enter the "hard constraint" era.

The legislation clarified several priorities in Shanghai’s garbage classification work. One is how to divide it? Shanghai has been exploring garbage classification since the 1990s. After several changes, in 2011, it was determined to be recyclable, harmful garbage, wet garbage, and dry garbage. During the review of the regulations, the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress designed a set of questionnaires for the general public, and the results showed that most citizens expressed their recognition of the "four -point method".

Shanghai domestic waste classification and launch guide

Who will control it? At the three levels of the city, district, and streets, the regulations stipulate the management model of "combination and block", and clarify the work content of the street office and the township people’s governments. One by one. For example, units and individuals who generate domestic waste are the responsible subjects of classification and distribution. They should put domestic waste to the corresponding collecting containers; each launching point shall establish a classification and distribution management responsible person to clarify their rights and obligations; For garbage, the receiving unit can refuse to receive it. If it does not make corrections within the time limit, it can be fined.

The third is how to do the source reduction? The regulations include specific matters including promoting product packaging materials and reduction of express packaging. For example, hotels must not take the initiative to provide disposable daily necessities, catering service providers and catering distribution service providers must not proactively provide free disposable chopsticks, puffing and other tableware. In Shanghai, when using APP such as "Hungry" or "Meituan", each merchant must provide special tableware options and give reminders to "provide on -demand".

Fourth, how to achieve "closed loop" management? The regulations strictly standardize and transport and transport, and clarify that the receiving units must use special vehicles and ships to implement closed transportation. Realization of the whole process.

After the "Shanghai Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations" was officially implemented, a public account article entitled "A picture to understand Shanghai’s domestic garbage classification" was crazy "swipe the screen" in the circle of friends. Someone teased that the "magic people" was "mad" by the garbage classification. Every morning, when they went out, they had to accept the soul torture of "what garbage was".

Mobilization and ridicule, but if you go to the community and ask "whether the garbage classification is good", even the seventh or eighty -year -old grandma will answer you: "Okay! Now the environment is so serious, Allah is obliged to contribute to environmental protection." Since the implementation of more than two years, garbage classification has entered the daily life of every Shanghai people. Everyone is proud of "division", ashamed of "indiscriminate".

Observing all corners of Shanghai, you can find many places that are changing because of garbage classification: Located on the coast of the East China Sea and 70 kilometers from the southeast of the city center -this "digestion" of about 50%of the domestic garbage terminal treatment in Shanghai The landfills have become the ecological protection display window of green surroundings; Xinyixiu Village, which has achieved "wet garbage cannot be out of the community", Aunt Hou voted to the wet garbage in the community’s trash tank, and the intensive processing of intelligent equipment was treated with concentrated treatment 4 hours later, it became organic fertilizer, and was taken home by Aunt Hou to raise flowers. At the Century Lianhua Luban shop after the "Plastics Limit Order", the counter was carefully prepared on the counter. Packing for customers to use …

Shanghai Old Port Ecological Environmental Protection Base is the world’s largest waste incineration plant and medical waste disposal facility

Xinyu Liu Village "Wet garbage does not get out of the community"

The changes that occurred in factories, communities, supermarkets, and landfills are the true portrayal of the participation and control of the whole people. As of the end of 2020, Shanghai has initially established a full -process classification system to achieve 100%harmless treatment of domestic garbage. Both residential and unit domestic waste classification standards have doubled more than 95%, and the recycling rate of domestic waste resources has reached 38%. Garbage classification makes Shanghai more livable and more temperature.Please clickhereOr scan the code to buy to understand the exploration of refined city management in Shanghai: