Few things touch people’s hearts as much as health. Health care is the key to people’s livelihood.

　　More new drugs are on the market, "noble drugs" are included in the medical insurance drug list, the "healthy China" action plan is deepened, and the chaos of medical beauty is rectified with heavy blows … … In 2019, these medical and health events related to people’s livelihood attracted special attention. At the end of the year, people hope to further "improve quality" and "reduce prices", and expect relevant departments to prescribe more health "prescriptions" to continuously improve people’s sense of acquisition and happiness.

　　one

　　Responding to the challenge of drug resistance, Tu Youyou team clarified the mechanism of artemisinin drugs

　　Artemisinin is a gift from traditional Chinese medicine to the world, which has contributed to the global malaria control. However, in recent years, the underlying mechanism of artemisinin in the treatment of malaria is still unclear, especially the problem of drug resistance, which is also the biggest challenge facing the global malaria control.

　　The half-life of artemisinin in human body (the time required for drug concentration to drop by half) is very short, only 1-2 hours. The course of clinical recommended artemisinin combination therapy is 3 days, and the truly efficient insecticidal window of artemisinin is only limited to 4-8 hours. However, the existing drug-resistant insect strains make full use of the short half-life of artemisinin, change their life cycle or temporarily enter a dormant state to avoid the sensitive insecticidal period. At the same time, plasmodium can also produce obvious resistance to the auxiliary drug "antimalarial formula" in artemisinin combination therapy, which makes artemisinin combination therapy "ineffective".

　　On April 24th, Tu Youyou’s team published an article online in the top international medical journal "New England Journal of Medicine", saying that the recently clarified mechanism of artemisinin drugs shows that they are precursors activated by iron or heme. Iron and heme are by-products of hemoglobin digestion, reaching the highest concentration at the mature stage of plasmodium trophozoite. Once artemisinin drugs are activated, many protein and heme of parasites will be alkylated. Alkylation of heme can also inhibit the detoxification of heme. "It is speculated that the mutation of a single protein target is unlikely to cause drug resistance, which may also explain why artemisinin drugs are still effective after decades of widespread use." Wang Jigang, a member of Tu Youyou’s team and a researcher at Artemisinin Research Center of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said.

　　In this regard, the team proposed a new treatment response plan: First, appropriately extend the medication time; The second is to replace the adjuvant drugs that have developed resistance in artemisinin combination therapy.

　　2

　　Can the "white list" of medical beauty be cured?

　　Non-medical beauty places are engaged in medical beauty treatment, the practice of doctors with informal training, and the use of unqualified medical beauty products … … In recent years, the "three non-"chaos exposed by the media has repeatedly been criticized by the society.

　　On June 18th, the National Health and Wellness Committee indicated that China Plastic Surgery Association was studying and formulating a credit evaluation management system, and it was planned to conduct credit evaluation of beauty medical institutions in some areas on a pilot basis. "The data of hardware conditions and facilities, annual inspection and doctor qualification of medical beauty institutions will be connected with the existing credit system, and a medical beauty institution &lsquo will be established in the future; White list ’ , objectively present to the people ‘ White list ’ The situation of the organization. " Cao Dequan, deputy secretary-general of China Plastic Surgery Association and director of the evaluation office, said that at that time, the public can search for information on the special website.

　　Hu Jieren, an associate professor at Tongji University Law School, said that the system itself is highly scientific and operable. It can learn from the existing credit evaluation model, listen to social voices, list the characteristics of dishonesty, and ensure fair and strict punishment. At the same time, in addition to credit evaluation and other mechanisms, the governance of medical beauty chaos requires multi-dimensional efforts and the participation of the whole society. For example, the regulatory authorities should take the initiative and increase penalties.

　　three

　　The Healthy China Action Plan is issued. Everyone is the first person responsible for his own health.

　　In July, the "Healthy China Action Promotion Committee" established in the State Council released "Healthy China Action (2019— 2030), giving authoritative guidance on what to do, how to do it and who will take the lead in healthy China.

　　"Everyone is the first responsible person for his own health." Wang Xiaoning, director of the Institute of Geriatrics of the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army and secretary-general of the China Association for Science and Technology’s life science association, particularly agreed with this point in the document. He explained that WHO has already concluded that in the promotion and maintenance of national health, the contribution of medical care is less than 10%, which mainly depends on people’s lifestyle and living environment. Wang Xiaoning said: "It turned out that ‘ Grip ’ The focus is on the 10% part, and now it is necessary to put ‘ Grip ’ Put it in 90%, that is, people’s lifestyle and living environment. "

　　Experts say that it is not enough for doctors and health departments to embrace health. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the first cause of death among Chinese residents, "Healthy China Action (2019— In 2030), it is mentioned that the goal of healthy China will reduce the premature mortality rate of major chronic diseases from 18.5% in 2015 to no more than 15.9% in 2022. Yang Jingang, an associate professor at Fuwai Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences, believes that the goal can only be achieved by mobilizing social forces, and the organizational model of "Patriotic Health Campaign" can be used for reference. Only by linking disease prevention and control indicators with the performance and responsibility of district leaders can we coordinate all resources and really play a role.

　　four

　　Major projects support the initial establishment of a drug innovation technology system in China.

　　In view of the difficulties and expensive medical treatment for ordinary people, and the heavy dependence on imports of high-end medical equipment and drugs, as early as 2008, China deployed and implemented the major scientific and technological project of "major new drug creation" (hereinafter referred to as the new drug creation project).

　　"With the special support of new drug creation, a total of 14 Class 1 new drugs were approved after February 2017, showing a blowout growth." At the end of July, at the conference of "Creation of Major New Drugs", Chen Kaixian, deputy chief engineer of special technology and academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced that in the past two years, new progress has been made in the research and development of special varieties, and six Class I new drugs have been approved for the treatment of malignant tumors. In addition, the achievements of the special project of new drug creation include the first domestic and the second long-acting anti-AIDS drug, the new anti-infective drug, Clindamycin, which is independently developed, and the world’s first aromatic hydrocarbon receptor modulator and non-hormonal small molecule chemical drug, Benvimod & HELIP, which has therapeutic effect on psoriasis. …

　　The national drug innovation technology system has been initially established in the special project of new drug creation, and a series of technical platforms have been laid out; Initially, a grid-based innovation system with scientific research institutes and universities as the main source innovation, enterprises as the main technology innovation, the close integration of the upper, middle and lower reaches and the deep integration of politics and Industry-University-Research has been established, and the ability of independent innovation has been significantly improved.

　　five

　　The paper has sparked a heated discussion on whether "Aristolochic acid-induced liver cancer" is a real hammer or a misunderstanding.

　　In August, aristolochic acid once again became the focus. Han Zeguang, a professor at systems biomedicine Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University, published a paper in the international journal Hepatology in the field of liver diseases, which was emphasized by many media as "aristolochic acid has caused liver cancer to have a real hammer". This study revealed that aristolochic acid alone can cause liver cancer in mice in a dose-dependent manner, that is, the greater the dose of aristolochic acid, the shorter the time to cause liver cancer and the larger the tumor. When aristolochic acid is combined with carbon tetrachloride, it can induce liver cancer in mice in a dose-dependent manner, including hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

　　However, Luan Yang, a researcher at Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, and others believe that the data obtained by Han Zeguang’s team under certain experimental conditions are not enough to draw the conclusion that aristolochic acid causes liver cancer, and it cannot be called a "real hammer". "Specific experimental conditions" means that the experimental object is young mice and carbon tetrachloride liver injury model.

　　Some experts also said that some media interpreted the latest experiment of Han Zeguang’s team as "solid hammer" evidence that aristolochic acid is the main cause of liver cancer in China, but it should be noted that the original literature is in young mice (equivalent to 1-mdash; 2-year-old baby) and carbon tetrachloride liver injury model, which is different from the clinical occurrence of liver cancer, and many independent studies have been published in the world for many years, but no results of liver cancer caused by aristolochic acid have been made in adult mice, so it is too early to think that aristolochic acid is the main cause of liver cancer in China.

　　six

　　The original research drug went to sea for the first time, and the national research anticancer drug was approved for listing in the United States.

　　A movie, Dying to Survive, made anticancer drugs attract public attention. Subsequently, zero tariffs on imported anticancer drugs and negotiations on anticancer drugs have also become hot spots of public concern.

　　On September 23rd, the National Health and Wellness Commission and other 10 departments jointly issued the Healthy China Action — — Cancer prevention and treatment implementation plan (2019— In 2022) (hereinafter referred to as the "Program"), the "Program" pointed out that a set of "combination boxing" will be made by unblocking the temporary import channels of anticancer drugs that are urgently needed in clinic, promoting the substitution of generic drugs, and incorporating them into medical insurance, so as to improve the accessibility of anticancer drugs and enable ordinary people to buy, afford and use anticancer drugs in China.

　　The "Proposal" clearly stipulates that the zero tariff on imported drugs should be promoted, and various links such as R&D, production, procurement, import and use should be fundamentally straightened out, and the price of anticancer drugs will continue to decline, further promoting the simultaneous listing of new overseas drugs in China and avoiding the "foreign moon and domestic circle" caused by the difficulty in obtaining anticancer drugs.

　　Nowadays, the situation of "only getting in but not getting out" of original anticancer drugs has been broken. On November 14th, zanubrutinib, a BTK inhibitor developed by Baekje Shenzhou Company, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma who had received at least one therapy before. At this point, "the drug became the first new anti-cancer drug independently developed by local enterprises in China and approved for listing by the FDA, realizing the new drug originally developed by China ‘ Zero breakthrough ’ 。” Dr Wu Xiaobin, general manager and president of Baekje Shenzhou China, said.

　　seven

　　Supervision is imminent. E-cigarettes are as harmful as traditional cigarettes.

　　Some businesses advocate that e-cigarettes are less harmful to human body and can help smokers quit smoking. Self-adjusting taste, cleanliness and environmental protection, and convenient use have all become eye-catching labels of e-cigarettes.

　　"Generally speaking, e-cigarettes will highlight the characteristics of high technology content and trendy fashion in product performance and ingredients. However, the ingredients of e-cigarettes are nothing more than nicotine, water, spices, propylene glycol and glycerol. As for the principle, it is even simpler, just an electronic evaporation, and there is no technology content at all." Zhang Zhigang, a senior engineer of China Environmental Behavior Law Society, said.

　　More seriously, consumers don’t know that under normal use conditions, the concentrations of some metals (including lead, chromium and nickel) and formaldehyde in some e-cigarette aerosols are equal to or higher than those in traditional cigarettes, and these harmful substances are even higher than the content of second-hand smoke produced by traditional cigarettes. In addition, e-cigarettes will also produce some toxic substances that are not found in traditional cigarette smoke, such as glyoxal, which is flammable, toxic and irritating, and its vapor or fog will stimulate eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.

　　With the United States, Japan, India and other countries banning e-cigarettes to varying degrees, the voice that China should legislate and supervise e-cigarettes as soon as possible is getting louder and louder. Hu Qingyuan, director of the National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, said: "Fortunately, we have already started to act." On November 1, the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau and the State Administration of Market Supervision jointly issued the Notice on Further Protecting Minors from E-cigarettes, urging enterprises or individuals that produce and sell e-cigarettes to withdraw their e-cigarette advertisements published through the Internet, and the supervision of e-cigarettes is becoming increasingly strict.

　　eight

　　Can cerebral palsy be cured? "Needle-sealing therapy" triggered a normative discussion on new therapy.

　　Cerebral palsy is recognized by the medical community as incurable. However, the media reported that the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (hereinafter referred to as the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University) adopted "needle sealing therapy" for children with cerebral palsy (the full name is "point plus acupoint drug injection therapy"), and the hospital claimed to evaluate 381 children. The results showed that 190 cases, that is, nearly half, were normalized.

　　On October 21st, an article questioned the "needle sealing therapy" invented by Wan Guolan, the founder and honorary director of the Children’s Rehabilitation Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengda, and the "needle sealing therapy" was pushed to the forefront. Sun Yong ‘an, chief physician of the Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, said that "needle sealing therapy" is more of a gimmick, and even if it is effective, its effect is limited. Nerve injury is generally caused by congenital development or acquired injury. If it is cerebral palsy caused by poor nerve development in the embryo, even if there is some growth compensation, it is still difficult to completely cure it.

　　Cerebral palsy is difficult to treat, and there is no standard single treatment. Some experts said that we should not arbitrarily think that all self-created therapies are ineffective. Because medicine is a practical subject, it is advancing through constant exploration and trial, and some new therapies really need to break through the routine. However, the technology applied in clinic should be universally recognized and supported by evidence-based medicine. To carry out a clinical trial, first of all, the institutions involved and the researchers involved in the trial must have the qualifications to carry out clinical research; Second, it is necessary to carry out strict registration and filing, and strictly design the test plan, demonstration and modification; Third, it should be recognized by clinical trial management institutions and ethics committees; Fourth, the subjects should have the full right to know, the experimenter should ensure the safety of the subjects, and the subjects have the right to withdraw at any time during the treatment. As for the efficacy of the new therapy, it also needs a large sample of randomized double-blind controlled studies to verify it.

　　nine

　　At the dawn of treatment, "small molecular glue" can devour the pathogenic protein of Huntington’s disease

　　Involuntary dance-like movements, cognitive impairment and mental abnormality … … Huntington’s disease is one of the four major neurodegenerative diseases. Because the biochemical activity of the mutant Huntington’s protein (mHTT) causing the disease is unknown, it can’t be targeted. The traditional method of blocking the activity of the pathogenic protein by blocking agents is not suitable for the treatment of the disease.

　　At the end of October, researchers from Fudan University published their achievements in Nature, and found a "small molecular glue" that "devours" Huntington’s disease-causing protein through screening based on compound chips and cutting-edge optical methods, which is expected to bring new dawn to the clinical treatment of Huntington’s disease.

　　In the study, the team focused on controlling autophagy, an intracellular protein degradation pathway, to effectively reduce the level of mutant Huntington protein. In order to solve the problem of "self-injury", the team imagined to invent a kind of "small molecule glue", which can aim directly at the bull’s-eye, firmly stick LC3 and pathogenic protein (or other pathogenic substances) together, and then wrap the pathogenic protein into autophagy bodies for degradation. After screening, purification and a series of cell experiments, the research team obtained four kinds of "small molecular glues" that can bind LC3 and mutant Huntington protein.

　　According to team member Lu Bojun, at least two of these four compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier and directly reduce the level of mutant Huntington protein in the cerebral cortex and striatum of Huntington’s disease mice through low-dose intraperitoneal administration, without affecting the level of wild-type Huntington protein in brain tissue, and also improve the disease-related phenotype, which provides a breakthrough point for the development of oral or injection drugs for Huntington’s disease, and is expected to be applied to motor coordination disorders, facial twitching and muscle spasms.

　　10

　　"Aristocratic Drugs" Self-devalued Medical Insurance Drug List Negotiation to Reduce Patients’ Burden

　　Only when good drugs enter medical insurance can people finally get benefits.

　　In December, the National Health Insurance Bureau released the National Drug List of Basic Medical Insurance, Work Injury Insurance and Maternity Insurance in 2019 (hereinafter referred to as the Drug List). The results showed that 97 of the 150 negotiated drugs were successfully negotiated, and the average price dropped by 60.7%. This is also the largest since the establishment of the medical insurance system in China, with remarkable results.

　　During the negotiation, the National Medical Insurance Bureau spared no effort in bargaining. Take the shortlisted hepatitis C drugs as an example, four companies directly measure the quotation on the spot, and the quotation of each drug should be accurate to two decimal places. There are two quotations in total. If both of them fail to reach the psychological price of the medical insurance bureau, or exceed 15% of the medical insurance payment standard, they will be directly out. In the end, Ledipaviso fosbuvir tablets from Gilead Scientific Company, fosbuvir patavir and Elba Wegera Rive tablets from Merck were selected with an average decrease of 85%.

　　Xiong Xianjun, director of the Department of Medicine Management of the National Health Insurance Bureau, said that the significant reduction in drug costs is one of the results of this negotiation. By giving play to the role of the medical insurance department as a "strategic buyer", the drug costs will be greatly reduced by changing the price. A number of world-renowned "noble drugs" have been marked with "civilian prices", and imported drugs have basically given the lowest price in the world. It is conservatively estimated that through negotiation of price reduction and medical insurance reimbursement, the personal burden level of patients will be reduced to less than 20%, and individual drugs will be reduced to less than 5%.

Abstract: The modernization of education in China has always been a major strategic issue and strategic choice for the country’s development. The cognition and judgment of leaders in different periods on the reality of education have an important impact on the modernization of education. China’s educational modernization process has both successful experiences and mistakes. As far as Deng Xiaoping is concerned, he has made two important decisions on the enrollment method of colleges and universities. The first time was on June 13, 1966, according to the instructions of Mao Zedong, he made a decision with Liu Shaoqi to postpone the enrollment of colleges and universities and reform the enrollment examination method of colleges and universities. The second time was in September, 1977, when Deng Xiaoping pushed through the crowd and proposed to restore the higher education examination system, which was approved by the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee. The second decision not only produced a long-term human capital dividend, but also profoundly affected the process of educational modernization in China, laying the foundation for a modern educational system.

China is a country with the largest population in the world, but also a country lacking in human capital. From the perspective of national modernization, more population has become a heavy burden of economic development, and less human capital has become an important constraint of economic development. In this sense, a large population is not necessarily a good thing, unless the population burden is transformed into human resources wealth. [1] Therefore, China should take human capital as the first capital, human resources as the first resource, and invest in people and develop human resources as its basic national policy. China’s modernization is essentially human modernization, and human modernization is essentially the continuous expansion and accumulation of human resources or human capital stock, which has become an increasingly important source of economic development and constitutes the ultimate foundation of national wealth (material wealth, social wealth, cultural wealth and ecological wealth). [1] (P.174) Leaders’ understanding of China’s basic national conditions directly affects the decision-making of human capital investment and the process of human capital accumulation, which in turn will affect the long-term dividend of human capital to China’s modernization development. From the past decades, China has also experienced a historical process of success first, then twists and turns, and then success, and gradually realized the transformation from a heavy population burden to a powerful country in human resources or human capital in the world. China has become the world’s largest number of students in higher education.

First, from a big country with illiteracy to a big country with modern education

In modern times, China is not only a laggard and latecomer of world modernization, but also a laggard and latecomer of educational modernization. It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that modern education was introduced from the west and a national education system was established. By the time New China was founded in 1949, it had been about half a century. From the perspective of higher education, only 185,000 people in China had college education or above, accounting for 3.42% of the total population? . The number of college students in China is only 117,000. [2] At that time, about 80% of the people in the country were illiterate and semi-illiterate, and the average education period of the population over 15 years old was only 1.0 years, which was a big country full of illiteracy. ［3］

After the founding of New China, China began an unprecedented cultural construction, including "implementing universal education in a planned and step-by-step manner, strengthening secondary and higher education, and paying attention to technical education" [4].

By the mid-1960s, a relatively complete modern national education system had been established in China, and the level of human capital had been significantly improved. According to the data of the second national census in 1964, the illiteracy rate dropped to 32.3%, which was half as much as 80% in 1949. The population of junior college or above reached 2.875 million, 15.5 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth rate of 21.6% from 1949 to 1964. The average educational years of the population over 15 years old in China reached 2.6 years, equivalent to 2.6 times that of 1949. During 1949-1964, the average annual growth rate was 7.06%, which was much higher than the average annual growth rate of the total population (2.08%) in the same period. Even though higher education was seriously affected by the Great Leap Forward, the number of students in institutions of higher learning dropped from 962,000 in 1960 to 674,000 in 1965 [2] (P.483), which was still the first golden age for the development of modern education in China.

Although China’s modern national education, especially modern university education, has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable results, the basic national conditions of low level of human capital have not fundamentally changed. Compared with developed countries, in 1965, the average length of education of the population over 15 years old was 10 years in the United States, equivalent to 3.8 times that of China; It is 7.5 years in Japan, which is 2.9 times that of China. In particular, the population above junior college is quite scarce, accounting for only 0.416% of the total population (723 million people) in China. Proceeding from this basic national condition, it is necessary to continuously accelerate the modernization of national education, including the development of modern higher education.

Two, Mao Zedong from the reform of the education system to launch the "cultural revolution"

After 1965, Mao Zedong shifted the focus of "opposing and preventing revisionism" to how to prevent revisionism in the Communist Party of China (CPC), especially in the leading organs of the Party. [5] His judgment on academia and education has also changed. In March 1966, he said at the enlarged meeting in The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC): "Now, most universities, middle schools and primary schools are monopolized by people from the bourgeoisie, petty bourgeoisie and rich land." [6] On May 7 of the same year, he reiterated this view in his letter to Lin Biao. Therefore, Mao Zedong’s proposal to reform the education system is not to change the backward situation of modern education, but to change "the phenomenon of bourgeois intellectuals ruling schools".

In fact, Mao Zedong had put forward the idea of reforming the education system before this. In 1964, Mao Zedong proposed that the education system should be reformed. "You don’t know the class struggle. How can you be a college graduate?" [7] According to Mao Zedong’s instructions, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Notice on Organizing Liberal Arts Teachers and Students in Colleges and Universities to Participate in the Socialist Education Movement on September 11th of the same year.

Mao Zedong launched the "Cultural Revolution" with the educational front as an important breakthrough. On June 12th, 1966, Mao Zedong presided over the enlarged meeting of the CPC The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC). When talking about the "Cultural Revolution", he said: "First seize power, criticize authority, and then engage in teaching reform and educational system reform. The central government should establish a high school and university entrance examination system by combining school recommendation and selection. " [8] On June 13th, according to Mao Zedong’s instructions and under the auspices of Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued a notice, deciding to reform the entrance examination method for colleges and universities, calling the entrance examination method at that time "basically not jumping out of the bourgeois examination system", and decided to postpone the entrance examination for colleges and universities for half a year in 1966. In fact, it is to suspend classes for half a year for college students nationwide to engage in the "Cultural Revolution" movement.

On June 18th, People’s Daily published the decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, and published an editorial entitled "Do a good job in the cultural revolution thoroughly and reform the education system thoroughly". The editorial said: "The old entrance examination system has become a stumbling block to the cause of socialist education and the great proletarian cultural revolution." On June 27th, the Ministry of Higher Education issued a notice that the enrollment of graduate students in 1966 and 1967 was suspended. ［9］

On July 24th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Notice on the Reform of Enrollment in Colleges and Universities. The circular pointed out that since liberation, although the methods of college entrance examination have been continuously improved, they have basically not jumped out of the bourgeois examination system. Decided to cancel the exam and adopt a combination of recommendation and selection. This became the method of university enrollment in the early 1970s.

However, once the "Cultural Revolution" is launched, it is difficult to proceed according to the wishes of the initiators and leaders, and it is often "the opposite direction". First, "suspension of classes and revolting" (June 1966), the enrollment of colleges and universities was stopped; Then there was "resumption of classes and revolting" (early 1967); Then, the workers’ propaganda team and the military propaganda team were assigned to colleges and universities to disperse the Red Guards (August 1968); Mobilizing junior and senior high school graduates to go to the countryside (December, 1968) was actually a way of forcibly mobilizing a large number of urban educated youth to go to the countryside, which led to the biggest interruption of human capital investment and accumulation since the founding of New China.

Third, the "Cultural Revolution" loss of human capital

The impact, interruption and even long-term impact of the "Cultural Revolution" on the accumulation process of high human capital (mainly refers to the population with college education or above) and medium human capital (refers to the population with secondary college education) was called "the biggest loss" by Deng Xiaoping, which delayed a generation.

The university stopped enrolling students for four years, and the number of students in the university dropped significantly (see attached table). It is conservatively estimated that during the "Cultural Revolution", if 1965 is taken as the base, tens of thousands of graduate students, 1 million college graduates and 2 million secondary school graduates were less trained nationwide. The actual number may be even larger, because the enrollment rate of universities or high schools in China is much lower than that of countries with the same income level. In 1979, after the college entrance examination was resumed for three consecutive years, the university enrollment rate in China was only 1.2%, which was only half of the average of other low-income countries and only a quarter of the average of developing countries. [10] In addition, the recruitment of overseas students was stopped for six years (from 1966 to 1971).

Secondary school education has also been severely impacted, with the number of students enrolled dropping, even stopping enrolling, and the number of students in school dropping sharply. In 1979, the total number of students in vocational and technical schools was only 1.4 million, far below the level in 1965; The number of students in vocational and technical schools accounts for 2.4% of the total number of students in all secondary schools, far below the average of 11% in developing countries. Part of the result of this situation is that in 1979, only 0.5% of the workforce received higher education, and only 0.9% received secondary technical or vocational education (many of them were teachers). ［10］（pp.92，93）

On October 22, 1977, when Deng Xiaoping met with a delegation from the Korean Central News Agency, he said that the Gang of Four had caused great damage in various fields, and the most damaged areas were education, science and technology. The destruction of education is not reading, which makes the scientific research team lack successors. [11] This is why Deng Xiaoping changed the original enrollment plan of colleges and universities and advocated the restoration of the unified examination system for college enrollment.

Fourth, Deng Xiaoping: Take the education front as the breakthrough of reform and opening up.

Deng Xiaoping promotes reform and opening up, and also chooses the education front as a breakthrough.

On the question of whether to restore the unified examination system for college enrollment, the focus of debate is whether to continue along the so-called "Cultural Revolution" or turn to the normal entrance examination practice that conforms to the laws and characteristics of modern education development. This is not only a dispute about the route, but also a dispute about the basic common sense of human capital investment, and it is also a livelihood event involving thousands of families. Only through social practice can we distinguish right from wrong.

As early as 1975, faced with many obstacles, Deng Xiaoping proposed to let the army take the lead and set up a National University of Defense Technology in the army to recruit students directly from high schools. On May 24, 1977, Deng Xiaoping, who had not yet officially returned, told Wang Zhen and Deng Liqun that Japan had paid attention to science and technology and education since the Meiji Restoration, and spent a lot of effort. Meiji Restoration is a reform carried out by Japan’s new bourgeoisie. As the proletariat, we should do better than them. He clearly pointed out that scientific research must be accompanied by education. He specifically mentioned that it is necessary to pass strict examinations and concentrate the best people in key middle schools and universities. He also said that if he comes out to work and is in charge of science, technology and education, he hopes that from now on, starting from primary school, he will see small results in five years, see results in 10 years, and see great results in 15 years and 20 years. ［12］

Under the direct leadership of Deng Xiaoping, the Ministry of Education has greatly improved the enrollment system of colleges and universities, changed the practice of not taking exams during the "Cultural Revolution", and resumed the method of unified examination and merit-based admission.

From June 29th to July 15th, the Ministry of Education held the first symposium on college enrollment, which discussed and solved some problems such as the qualifications of students taking the college entrance examination, and put forward the enrollment plan for colleges and universities.

On July 23, Deng Xiaoping said: "Education should walk on two legs and have a focus. Universities should recruit students from workers, peasants and soldiers, and key schools can recruit students from fresh high school graduates. " [11] (P.165) He also said, "No matter how many college students you recruit, you must take the exam. If you fail the exam, you can’t take it. My children can’t pass the exam, and they can’t go through the back door. " ［13］

On July 29th, Deng Xiaoping talked about education with Fang Yi and Liu Xiyao, and proposed that "a number of key universities should be grasped, which are the centers of education and scientific research". He also proposed, "There are several issues to consider: First, whether to abolish the practice that high school graduates have to work for two years before they can go to college? Second, we must adhere to the examination system, and key schools must insist on failing to repeat grades. We should have a clear attitude towards this. Third, we should make a report outline and put forward principles, policies and measures. The relationship between education and scientific research is very close. We should pay close attention to it, start with education, and have specific measures, otherwise it will be an empty gun. " [11] (P.167) At that time, this decision caused great controversy. On August 1st, Deng Xiaoping, Fang Yi and Liu Xiyao talked about education again. He pointed out that education should be run on two legs, and schools can take various forms. The overall goal is to train a group of people as soon as possible. The fundamental plan is to start with education and primary schools, otherwise catching up will become empty talk. The number of key schools should not be too small, so we should start to designate them immediately. Walk on two legs, but with emphasis. Key universities recruit students directly from high school graduates. When compiling teaching materials, we must absorb advanced things from the world and make foreign things serve China, especially in natural science. From the beginning of teaching the most advanced things, students will be inspired to develop in a broader and deeper direction, which is promising. [11] (pp. 168 ~ 169) He also said that for those young intellectuals who have reached a higher level through self-study,It is necessary to study how and how to select them back. There are thousands of such people, so we should pay great attention to them, cherish them and do everything possible to recruit them back to college or graduate school. ［14］

On August 6th, Deng Xiaoping presided over a symposium on science and education. He proposed: "The new education system will be implemented from next year. To make preparations this year, we should determine the academic system, teaching materials, teachers, students’ sources, enrollment system, examination system and assessment system, and do a good job. Don’t make frequent changes after doing a good job. Of course, small changes are still possible. " He proposed, "Take back the original enrollment report and rewrite it according to everyone’s opinions. Enrollment involves millions of young people who go to the countryside. We should come up with a way to select outstanding talents without causing fluctuations. Key schools should recruit students in a unified way. This year, I am determined to enroll students as required, and the students recruited must meet the requirements. " ［11］（pp.175，176）

On August 8th, Deng Xiaoping firmly stated that this year, he would make up his mind to resume accepting students directly from high school graduates and stop making recommendations from the masses. Recruiting students directly from senior high school is a good way to produce talents and results early. ［11］（p.179）

From 17 August to 25 September, the Ministry of Education held another national conference on enrollment in Beijing Friendship Hotel. The enrollment targets determined by this conference were: workers, peasants, educated youths who went to the countryside and returned to their hometowns (including those who have not been assigned jobs according to the policy), demobilized soldiers, cadres and fresh high school graduates, aged about 20, but not more than 25, unmarried. Those who are rich in practical experience and have made achievements or have expertise in research can be relaxed to 30 years old, regardless of their marriage. ［15］

On August 18th, Deng Xiaoping reviewed and agreed to the "Request for Instructions on Delaying Enrollment and Freshmen’s Opening Time" submitted by the Ministry of Education. The report stated that colleges and secondary specialized schools had planned to start enrolling students in August and freshmen would start school in mid-November. According to Vice Chairman Deng’s instructions, we will greatly improve the enrollment system of colleges and universities, and the enrollment time will be postponed to the fourth quarter. Freshmen in 1977 will enter school before the end of February next year (referring to 1978), which will be postponed for three months (including winter vacation). ［11］（p.185）

On September 25th, the National Conference on Enrollment of Colleges and Universities decided to change the practice of not taking exams during the "Cultural Revolution" and restore the method of unified examination and merit-based admission. ［11］（p.185）

In 1977, the college entrance examination was postponed to the fourth quarter. In December, about 5.7 million young people in China took the entrance examination for colleges and universities. The candidates were graduates from 1966 to 1977, aged between 15 and 16 and in their thirties. Colleges and universities selected 273,000 students, and the admission rate was the lowest since the founding of New China, only 4.8%. The freshmen were admitted around February 1978. ［16］

In July 1978, another 6.1 million people took the second national college entrance examination. Two recruitment examinations with a total of more than 11.8 million people set a record in the history of higher education examinations in China and even the world. [17] This fully reflects the strong desire of this generation to go to school, to be knowledgeable, and to change their own destiny. They finally got the chance to make their own choices.

This is Deng Xiaoping’s first major decision after his comeback. It took only a few months from putting forward the idea (May 1977) to making a decision (October 1977) and then implementing it (December 1977). A year later, at the end of 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that the major decision of reform and opening up was the second largest decision. The author calls this first major decision the "seed" of reform and opening-up. It was Deng Xiaoping’s decision to resume the college entrance examination, which planted the "seed" of human capital for China’s modernization, and achieved the situation of "taking root, flowering and bearing fruit" in the later reform and opening-up.

In 1982, when college students of Grade 7-7 and Grade 7-8 graduated, there were about 6.1 million people with college education, accounting for only 0.615% of the total population. By 2013, there will be about 130 million people with college degree or above in China, accounting for 9.6% of the total population, which has surpassed the total population of Japan (127 million)!

Six, resume the recruitment of graduate students, establish a degree system with China characteristics.

In 1978, it was the first year that China resumed the postgraduate system.

On August 4, 1977, Deng Xiaoping proposed that those young intellectuals who went to the countryside to reach a higher level through self-study should do everything possible to find them to come back to college or become graduate students. He also specifically mentioned that in a few years, universities should focus on training graduate students, so that researchers can grow rapidly. This is a matter of policy, so that people can get out faster. I believe that Chinese is smart and will produce a lot of talents. [11] (p.173) This shows that Deng Xiaoping is very clear that the cultivation of high-end talents needs to start with the cultivation of graduate students.

It was under the direct impetus of Deng Xiaoping that in January 1978, the Ministry of Education and the State Planning Commission formulated the national postgraduate enrollment plan. [11] (p.255) On February 28th, China Academy of Social Sciences decided to recruit graduate students for the whole country. In that year, more than 10,500 graduate students were enrolled in China. This figure is close to the total number of graduate students trained in the 17 years before the "Cultural Revolution" (referring to 1949-1966). ［16］（pp.107,193）

While recruiting college students and graduate students in an all-round way, Deng Xiaoping and others have encountered new problems. As a modern university education, should we implement a degree system? If the degree system is to be implemented, what kind of degree system will be adopted? Which system can better represent the world trend?

Implementing the degree system is an important institutional arrangement for a country to train high-level talents, and it is also a basic system generally adopted by modern countries. There are different models and practices in the world: one is the three-level degree system generally adopted by western countries, that is, the establishment of bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees. In April 1935, China introduced and imitated the degree system implemented in the United States. By the time New China was founded in 1949, more than 200 people had obtained master’s degrees. The other is the two-level degree system adopted by the Soviet Union, that is, there are only doctoral and associate doctoral degrees, and there are no undergraduate degrees. Due to the influence of the Soviet higher education system after the founding of New China, the three-level degree system in western countries was no longer adopted, and only postgraduate education was implemented. Postgraduates were enrolled in 1950, and by 1965, more than 22,700 people had been enrolled.

From 1961 to 1964, the academic degree regulations drafted by Nie Rongzhen, vice premier of the State Council and director of the State Science and Technology Commission, were basically based on the Soviet model, but this regulation did not become a formal system.

When Deng Xiaoping considered what kind of degree system China was planning to build, two important figures played a key role, one was Hu Qiaomu, and the other was Jiang Nanxiang. This is related to the fact that they all studied in Tsinghua University and understood the western degree system.

Jiang Nanxiang, Minister of Education, personally presided over the drafting of the Regulations on Academic Degrees in People’s Republic of China (PRC) (Draft), which was adopted in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on February 12, 1980 and came into force on January 1, 1981. In this regard, Jiang Nanxiang explained that the proposed academic degree regulations adopted a three-level academic degree system, so as to communicate with the internationally accepted academic degree system, which is conducive to sending international students and international academic exchanges. The proposed degree system has China characteristics: First, we must adhere to the socialist orientation. We should promote the growth of "red and specialized" senior professionals through the degree system, and ask different degree applicants to support the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and the socialist system. Second, we must emphasize the principle of combining theory with practice. Degree applicants at all levels should not only reach a considerable academic level in the basic theory and expertise of this subject, but also have the corresponding ability to solve practical problems, and neither of them can be neglected. Third, we must implement the principle of quality first, and our country’s degree system should be worthy of the name.

From July 26th to August 2nd, 1981, the first meeting of the Discipline Appraisal Committee of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee awarded 805 doctoral programs in China, which could instruct 1,143 doctoral tutors. There are 2,957 professional programs that award master’s degrees. ［16］（p.460）

Seven, Deng Xiaoping proposed to send students abroad.

On August 8, 1977, Deng Xiaoping presided over the symposium on science and education, and put forward the idea of sending people to study abroad for the first time. ［11］（p.179）

On June 22, 1978, Deng Xiaoping Tong Fangyi, Jiang Nanxiang, Liu Xiyao, etc. talked and suggested that it is worthwhile to spend more money on increasing the number of overseas students. This is one of the important ways to achieve quick results in five years and improve China’s scientific level. [11] (P.331) reflects Deng Xiaoping’s strategic vision of cultivating high-end talents.

On July 10th, Deng Xiaoping met with Frank Press, Science and Technology Advisor to the President of the United States and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. Press hopes that this trip will lay the foundation for China and the United States to sign agreements on agricultural exchanges, space technology and exchanges between international students and scholars, and he also suggests to Deng Xiaoping that China send 20-30 students to study in the United States. To Press’s complete surprise, Deng Xiaoping suggested that the United States accept 700 science students from China, and the goal in the next few years is tens of thousands. Press immediately called President Carter, woke him up from his sleep at 3 am, and asked him to approve China to send 700 students to study in the United States, and more students would be welcome in the next few years. Later, Carter readily agreed to the Chinese request. ［18］

On August 4th, the Ministry of Education issued a notice according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In 1978, the number of overseas students (including college students, advanced students and graduate students) increased to more than 3,000, mainly for studying science and engineering (including agriculture and medicine) related majors. [16] (p.142) On August 20th, Deng Xiaoping approved the Ministry of Education’s "Several Instructions on Sending Overseas Students", and agreed to send 3,000 overseas students in 1978, with the focus on advanced students and graduate students. ［11］（p.354）

At the end of August, the People’s Letters Summary reported that a student from Shanghai Hongkou Model Middle School requested to study in Japan at his own expense. Deng Xiaoping agreed to Fang Yi’s "permission" reply. [11] (P.365) So far, the way of studying abroad at one’s own expense has been opened.

In the second half of 1978, the first batch of international students from China arrived in the United States. In 1979, there were 1025 international students studying in the United States. By 1984, the number of international students had reached 14,000, two thirds of whom were studying physics, medicine and engineering. Peking University and Tsinghua University are even called "preparatory schools" for public science students studying in the United States. ［18］（p.128）

On July 16th, 1982, the State Council approved the Regulations of the Ministry of Education and other departments on studying abroad at one’s own expense, and put forward that studying abroad at one’s own expense is a channel for cultivating talents. [16] (pp.556-557) Since then, studying abroad at one’s own expense has gradually developed into the main channel for studying abroad.

Eight, Deng Xiaoping agreed to establish a postdoctoral mobile station system to cultivate high-end talents.

On May 21st, 1985, Deng Xiaoping met with Professor Li Zhengdao and his wife to exchange views on developing science and training talents. Li Zhengdao suggested to Deng Xiaoping that in order to create a favorable condition for China’s overseas researchers to return to work, more than a dozen post-doctoral mobile stations could be established as a pilot. This time, when Li Zhengdao made a presentation to Deng Xiaoping, Deng Xiaoping also specifically asked, "Why should we train postdoctoral doctors?"? When Li Zhengdao explained it, Deng Xiaoping agreed. He said: "Postdoctoral is a new thing and a new term to me. It is the first time I heard that … setting up a postdoctoral mobile station is a new method, which is very good. Combine training with use, cultivate in use, and find more advanced talents in training and use. There are too few ten postdoctoral mobile stations, and it is necessary to establish hundreds of mobile stations and become a system. " ［19］

In July 1985, China began to implement the postdoctoral system. This shows that overseas Chinese have played an important role in promoting the establishment of a modern education system in China. Deng Xiaoping’s decision has greatly promoted the establishment of high-level talent training system in China, which is a typical case of institutional change in the process of economic system reform in China.

In 1985, there were only 102 postdoctoral mobile stations in China, and by 2013, it had reached 2703. From 1985 to 2013, a total of 70,289 people left the station.

IX. Summary: Long-term Bonus of Human Capital Decision in Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping has made two important decisions on the enrollment method of colleges and universities. The first time was on June 13th, 1966. On the instructions of Mao Zedong, he and Liu Shaoqi made a decision to postpone the enrollment of colleges and universities for half a year, and proposed to reform the enrollment examination method of colleges and universities. The second time was in September 1977, after a lapse of 11 years, Deng Xiaoping pushed through the crowd, changed the original enrollment plan in 1977, postponed the enrollment of colleges and universities for half a year again, and formally proposed to Hua Guofeng and other The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) to restore the higher education examination system, which was officially approved by the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee (October 5, 1977).

The two decision-making processes have different historical backgrounds and decision-making mechanisms, so there are two different decision-making results, which also reflect the learning process of decision-makers in China, including the understanding and summary of success and failure, right and wrong. As far as Deng Xiaoping is concerned, the first decision was passive, and the second was active. Without decision-making mistakes, there is no decision-making cost. Without decision-making cost, it is difficult to reach a political consensus and make a correct decision quickly.

As early as May 1977, in view of education and science and technology, which were the hardest hit areas of the "Cultural Revolution", Deng Xiaoping once imagined that after his comeback, he would pay great attention to education. We will achieve small results in five years, great results in 10 years, and great results in 15 years and 20 years. [12] It is clear that Deng Xiaoping is not only a great politician, but also a great strategist. He made a series of human capital investment decisions, such as resuming the college entrance examination, recruiting graduate students, establishing a degree system, promoting studying abroad, and setting up postdoctoral mobile stations, which are long-term and strategic decisions, and have produced long-term human capital dividends, which in turn have profoundly affected the process of reform, opening up and socialist modernization in China.

This long-term human capital dividend is as follows (see the table on the next page): compared with 1978, 2013 is equivalent to 28.8 times the number of students in colleges and universities in 1978, 164.1 times the number of graduate students and 481.3 times the number of students studying abroad. In addition, the author estimates that the gross enrollment rate of China University was only about 0.5% in the early 1970s, less than 1% in 1978, and reached 34.5% in 2013. That is to say, according to the gross enrollment rate of universities, in 2013, the chances of college-age population in China being admitted to universities were more than 30 times that of 1978 and more than 60 times that of the early 1970s. Compared with the United States, in 1980, the number of students in colleges and universities in China was only 1.6% of that in the United States (10.475 million). By 2005, China surpassed the United States, and by 2009, China was equivalent to 122% of that in the United States. In 1980, the number of graduate students in China (21,600) was only 1.6% of that in the United States (1,343,000); in 2007, China (1,195,000) was 52.1% of that in the United States (2,294,000); in 2013, China reached 1,790,000; it is estimated that China will surpass the United States around 2015.

This all stems from Deng Xiaoping’s strategic conception, which has not returned in May 1977. We are not only grateful to Deng Xiaoping, but also want to learn from Deng Xiaoping. As the Supreme Leader said when commemorating the 110th anniversary of Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s birth, "We should learn from his far-sighted strategic thinking when commemorating Comrade Deng Xiaoping", "We have gained insight into the development trend at home and abroad and made a series of major strategic decisions concerning the long-term development of the cause of the party and the state and the future and destiny of socialism". ［20］

Deng Xiaoping’s decision on human capital investment is the most typical successful case. His far-sighted strategic thinking has not only become a long-term dividend for China’s human capital investment, but also the most precious political wealth for future generations.

Source: Compilation of Statistical Data of 60 Years in New China, China Statistics Publishing House, 2010, pp. 72-75; Statistical Abstract of China in 2014, China Statistics Publishing House, 2014, pp. 153-154.

Note: The two sets of data compared between 2013 and 1978 are calculated by the author according to the above data.

[Reference]

[1] Hu Angang: "China: Towards the 21st Century", China Environmental Science Press, 1991, pp. 174, 180 and 183.

[2] China Statistical Yearbook 1984, China Statistics Publishing House, 1984, p. 484.

[3] Hu Angang, Wang Hongchuan and Yan Yilong: Modernization of China: Human Resources and Education (1949 ~ 2030), Research on Education Development, No.1, 2015.

[4] "Selected Important Documents Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China" Volume 1, Central Literature Publishing House, 1992, p. 11.

[5] History of People’s Republic of China (PRC), Higher Education Press and People’s Publishing House, 2013, p. 173.

[6] Biography of Mao Zedong (1949 ~ 1976) Volume II, Central Literature Publishing House, 2003, p. 1404.

[7] Mao Zedong Manuscripts Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, Volume 11, Central Literature Publishing House, 1996, p. 96.

[8] Chronicle of Mao Zedong (1949 ~ 1976), Volume 5, Central Literature Publishing House, 2013, p. 593.

[9] He Dongchang, editor-in-chief: "Important Educational Literature in People’s Republic of China (PRC) (1949 ~ 1997)", Hainan Publishing House, 1998, p. 1403.

[10] World Bank Economic Mission: "China: Development of Socialist Economy", China Financial and Economic Press, 1983, p. 92.

[11] The Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975 ~ 1997), Central Literature Publishing House, 227.

[12] Gu Weiming: "The initial brewing of the resumption of the college entrance examination system in 1977", "Research on Contemporary China History" No.5, 2003.

[13] Yang Shengqun and Chen Jin, editor-in-chief: "Historical Turning Point 1977 ~ 1978", Life, Reading and Knowledge Joint Publishing Company, 2009, p. 49.

［14］? Yearbook of Deng Xiaoping Thought (1975 ~ 1997), Central Literature Publishing House, 2011, p. 59.

[15] Zhang Shujun and Gao Xinmin, editor-in-chief: Historical Archives of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China Economic Publishing House, 1998, p. 412.

[16] Xu Dashen, editor-in-chief: "A Record of People’s Republic of China (PRC)" Volume 4, Jilin People’s Publishing House, 1994, p. 57.

[17] Party History Research Office of the CPC Central Committee, China National Museum: Historical Records of People’s Republic of China (PRC), Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2009,Page 361.

[18] [America] Fu Gaoyi: "Deng Xiaoping and China’s Opening to the Outside World: Sino-US Relations from 1977 to 1979", edited by Zhu Jiamu: "Contemporary China"And its Development Path —— Proceedings of the Second International Forum on Contemporary China History, Contemporary China Press, 2010, p.Page 127.

[19] Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975 ~ 1997), Central Literature Publishing House, 2004, p. 976.

[20] Supreme Leader: Speech at the Symposium to Commemorate the 110th Anniversary of Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s Birth (August 20, 2014), People’s Daily.August 21, 2014.

[Author] Hu Angang, Professor, School of Public Administration, Tsinghua University.

　Source of the article: Research on Contemporary China History

Xinhuanet Beijing, January 30th (Reporter Liu Ying) The "green wave" of manufacturing industry has injected new impetus. On January 30th, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology formulated and issued the Interim Measures for Gradient Cultivation and Management of Green Factories (hereinafter referred to as the Interim Measures). As an administrative normative document to carry out gradient cultivation and management of green factories in the future, the Interim Measures consists of 6 chapters and 27 articles, which specifically expounds the compilation principles, cultivation requirements, creation procedures, dynamic management, supporting mechanisms and other important contents, which will further lead the green manufacturing benchmark to play a leading role in demonstration and promote the green and low-carbon transformation and upgrading of industries and regions.

At the right time, gradually build a green manufacturing system.

Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has made great efforts to promote the construction of green factories, green industrial parks, green supply chains and green products with major projects and projects as the traction. Up to now, 5,095 green factories, 371 green industrial parks, 605 green supply chain management enterprises and nearly 35,000 green products have been cultivated at the national level, which has led to the establishment of more than 6,000 provincial and municipal green factories, nearly 300 green industrial parks and nearly 200 green supply chain management enterprises, and the level of green manufacturing in various industries and regions has been continuously improved. Generally speaking, a green manufacturing system based on green factories, green industrial parks, green supply chain management enterprises and green products is gradually being built, and the green manufacturing system with green factories as the core basic unit has become an important starting point for promoting green manufacturing in various places.

In this context, in order to speed up the construction of green manufacturing and service system, give full play to the basic and guiding role of green factories in the green and low-carbon transformation of manufacturing industry, accelerate the formation of standardized and long-term cultivation mechanism, and create a leading force in green manufacturing, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has formulated these measures according to the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Long-term Target in 2035, the 14th Five-Year Plan for Industrial Green Development, and the peak carbon dioxide emissions Implementation Plan for Industrial Fields.

Dynamic management, establishing gradient cultivation mechanism in two dimensions

The Interim Measures plans to establish a gradient cultivation mechanism from two dimensions: vertically forming a standardized and unified green factory cultivation mechanism at the national, provincial and municipal levels; Horizontal through the green industrial park, green supply chain management enterprises to drive enterprises in the park, supply chain upstream and downstream to create green factories.

Specifically, the Interim Measures mainly includes six parts, including 27 clauses and 4 annexes.

Firstly, it is the general principle, which expounds the compilation purpose, related definitions of gradient cultivation of green factories, working principles and division of labor, platform construction and so on. It is clearly pointed out that green factory is the core implementation unit of green manufacturing, green industrial park is the platform for gathering green factories and green infrastructure, and green supply chain management enterprises are the key to drive the upstream and downstream factories of supply chain to implement green manufacturing. At the same time, the management platform for industrial energy conservation and green development (https://green.miit.gov.cn/, hereinafter referred to as the management platform) is a unified platform for gradient cultivation and management of green factories, aiming at creating a data platform for information sharing among provinces and cities.

The second part is the cultivation requirements, which mainly puts forward the general requirements for local cultivation, and defines the specific conditions for the cultivation of green factories, green industrial parks and green supply chain management enterprises. It is clearly put forward that the green industrial park should release the park green factory cultivation plan and organize enterprises in the park to create green factories; Green supply chain management enterprises should formulate suppliers’ green factory cultivation plans and promote suppliers to create green factories.

The third part is the creation procedure, which puts forward the working procedure, creation criteria and rejection conditions for applying to be included in the green manufacturing list at all levels. Enterprises and parks that meet the application conditions shall, on a voluntary basis, take the form of self-evaluation or entrust a third-party institution with evaluation ability to carry out evaluation according to relevant standards, and prepare an evaluation report and submit it through the management platform. In principle, green factories at the national level recommended by all localities should be included in the list of green factories at the provincial level. Green industrial parks at the national level should be industrial parks at or above the provincial level with a large number of green factories and a high proportion. Enterprises recommended by green supply chain management enterprises at the national level should be green factories at the national level in principle. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will organize experts to review the recommended list, determine the shortlist according to the principle of selecting the best among the best, demonstrating and leading, publicize it to the public, and release the annual green manufacturing list according to procedures.

The fourth part is dynamic management, which defines the way and process of supervision and management of green manufacturing list units and third-party institutions. By establishing a dynamic management mechanism of "what goes in and what goes out", the local competent departments of industry and information technology strengthen the guidance, supervision and inspection of enterprises or parks included in the green manufacturing list, conduct spot checks and rechecks from time to time, and continuously track and analyze the creation effect. At the same time, supervise and manage the third-party institutions doing business in the region, and report problems in time. Enterprises or parks in the green manufacturing list, if there are any changes, should be explained when filling in the dynamic management form.

The fifth part is the supporting mechanism, which puts forward the relevant responsibilities of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and its local competent departments, and clarifies the responsibilities of third-party institutions and green manufacturing list units in service, publicity and information disclosure. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will promote the "enterprise green code" that reflects the green development level of green factories, and cooperate with relevant departments to provide support to green manufacturing list units in terms of planning and layout, technological transformation, special fund application, government procurement, pilot demonstration, financial services and brand promotion. Local industrial and information departments should also take the gradient cultivation of green factories as the main starting point to promote the green and high-quality development of regional manufacturing. In addition, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology encourages green factories to prepare green low-carbon development reports, green industrial parks to formulate green factory support policies, and green supply chain management enterprises to increase product procurement for green factories.

Finally, the supplementary provisions clarify the unit of document interpretation and the implementation time. The annexes mainly include the requirements for the third-party evaluation of green manufacturing, the evaluation requirements of green industrial parks and green supply chain management enterprises, and the dynamic management table of green manufacturing list units.

Multi-dimensional efforts to lead the majority of enterprises to practice green manufacturing

The Interim Measures also proposed that the gradient cultivation and management of green factories should follow the principles of enterprise subject, government guidance, standard guidance and comprehensive coverage. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will further optimize the external environment for enterprises’ green development, strengthen the supporting role of green manufacturing service system, speed up the formulation and promulgation of green manufacturing standards, promote potential cultivation target enterprises to continuously improve their work according to the requirements of standards, and lead the majority of enterprises to practice green manufacturing through cultivation and creation.

On the one hand, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology guides and promotes the provincial industrial and information authorities to formulate detailed rules for the implementation of gradient cultivation and management of green factories in the region according to the Interim Measures, establish a gradient cultivation mechanism, and carry out the cultivation, management and recommendation of green factories, green industrial parks and green supply chain management enterprises in the region; On the other hand, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will continue to organize the annual green manufacturing list recommendation, cultivate a number of green factories, green industrial parks and green supply chain management enterprises at the national level every year, and strengthen publicity and implementation.

(January 30, 2024)

　 　 Four judges of Shanghai High Court involved in collective prostitution were removed from office.

　　Zhongxin Jingwei Client September 22nd (Xiong Siyi) Ding-dong! Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day are coming, and you have a welfare to check!

　　A few days ago, the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions issued a document clearly stating that in 2020, the trade union funds will be increased at one time to distribute holiday condolences to all members, with the standard not exceeding 500 yuan per person. As soon as the news was released, netizens expressed their "envy", but in fact, you can also receive this holiday condolences!

　　20 provinces clearly define the distribution standards.

　　According to the Measures for the Management of Funds Revenue and Expenditure of Grass-roots Trade Unions issued by the General Office of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, grass-roots trade unions can distribute holiday condolences to all members on holidays. Festivals on holidays refer to statutory holidays stipulated by the state (namely, New Year, Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Labor Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day) and ethnic festivals established with the approval of the people’s governments at or above the autonomous region.

　　According to the incomplete statistics of the Sino-Singapore Jingwei client, up to now, at least 20 provinces have made clear the standards for issuing holiday condolences. According to the upper limit of the standard of condolences, Guangdong ranks among the top in the country with "the annual total amount generally does not exceed 2,500 yuan per capita". However, Guangdong requires that the proportion of the annual expenditure of holiday condolences distributed by grass-roots trade unions to all members should not exceed 40% of the budget expenditure of the trade unions at the same level in that year, or should be controlled within 50% of the funds retained by grass-roots trade unions.

　　The five provinces of Hunan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong and Qinghai have relatively high upper limit of holiday condolences, which are: no more than 2,100 yuan per person per year, no more than 2,200 yuan per person per year, no more than 2,000 yuan per person per year, no more than 2,000 yuan per person per year, and no more than 2,000 yuan per person per year. The upper limit of the standard of holiday condolences in Tianjin is relatively low. According to the data released by Tianjin in June 2019, it is no more than 1000 yuan per person per year.

　　Different from the above-mentioned provinces, Guizhou does not stipulate the upper limit of the annual total amount, but limits the single amount. In February 2018, Guizhou made it clear that grassroots trade unions can distribute holiday condolences to all members on holidays. The payment standard is that the average per capita of the Spring Festival does not exceed that of 500 yuan, other statutory holidays and ethnic festivals, which meets the requirements, does not exceed that of 200 yuan.

　　Five provinces raise the standard upper limit

　　In addition to going overseas, at least five provinces, including Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Shaanxi, Fujian and Shandong, have raised the upper limit of holiday condolences to varying degrees in recent years. Among them, in January 2019, Shaanxi raised the upper limit of the standard for grassroots trade unions to distribute condolences to all members on holidays in 700 yuan to no more than 2,200 yuan per person per year.

　　Su Jian, director of Peking University National Economic Research Center, said in an interview with Zhongxin Jingwei client that there are two reasons for raising employee welfare standards in many places. First, the economy has developed, and if it is still based on the original standards, it will be low; Second, because if the quota is too small, it will not play a role in reflecting the care of trade unions.

　　Song Qinghui, a well-known economist, analyzed the client of Sino-Singapore Jingwei, saying that according to the rising prices, many places have moderately raised the standards of employee welfare. From an economic point of view, when prices go up, welfare will naturally go up, which conforms to the basic law of economic development.

　　Jiang Han, a senior researcher at Pangu Think Tank, told the client of Zhongxin Jingwei that the promotion of employee benefits in many places, especially enterprises and institutions, is also to better retain people and help local governments establish a better talent training and retention mechanism, which is closely related.

　　The Sino-Singapore Jingwei client also noticed that in the first half of this year, some regions concentrated on issuing annual holiday condolences at the beginning of the year. For example, Hunan issued a notice in March, and the trade unions of government agencies, enterprises and institutions in the whole province will distribute the undistributed part of the holiday condolence fee that can be distributed throughout the year, plus the special condolence fee for fighting the epidemic previously stipulated by the Provincial Federation of Trade Unions, in the form of consumer vouchers, and the holiday condolence fee that has been distributed this year will not be distributed repeatedly. Workers and trade union members should finish their consumption before 24: 00 on May 5.

　　Screenshot source: Hunan Trade Union Network

　　In addition, in April this year, Guizhou will issue the undistributed part of the annual holiday trade union welfare fund in advance; Shandong also issued a notice in April, pointing out that grass-roots trade unions can issue holiday condolences to all members in advance by means of delivery vouchers.

　　In this regard, Su Jian said that from the perspective of promoting consumption, it is obviously helpful for the annual welfare to be distributed centrally at the beginning of the year. Because the money is available earlier, ordinary people can spend it more freely at the right time. On the one hand, it improves the efficiency of expenditure, on the other hand, it can also make the function of promoting consumption better realized.

　　Jiang Han pointed out that in a sense, the centralized distribution model can give employees better welfare and treatment. If it is distributed to various festivals, it may lead to a small number of employees’ welfare benefits in each festival, but centralized distribution can make the single amount more and the choice of benefits more, so some places have begun to explore the mode of centralized distribution.

　　Jiang Han also said that we can’t overdo it in order to fight corruption and promote honesty, but also take into account the welfare of employees. Su Jian also believes that the holiday welfare itself is in line with the tradition of China. As long as the source of funds is justified and the way of distribution is appropriate, there will be no problem. (Zhongxin Jingwei APP)

Speaking of Gree, what’s your first impression?

Is it Dong Mingzhu’s stubborn face that comes to mind, or is it the bullish slogan of "mastering core technology" ringing in your ears, or is it the memory of the gambling contract between Miss Dong and Lei Jun that was all the rage?

Dong Mingzhu

Although in the public’s impression, "Gree" seems to be an inseparable whole with air conditioning and Dong Mingzhu, what you don’t know is that in fact, all behind the word "Gree" is not just air conditioning, nor just Dong Mingzhu, but three different "Gree":Gree Electric, gree real estate and Gree Group..

Today, because Gree Electric is the most famous city, people only know Gree Electric, but don’t know gree real estate and Gree Group. At present, there is almost no direct relationship between them except sharing the name and trademark of Gree. But time goes back 10 years, and the three are really a family.Simply put, Gree Electric and gree real estate were born out of Gree Group in the early days.

Gree group office building

Gree group

Gree Group is a 100% state-owned enterprise. According to public information, Gree Group was formerly known as Zhuhai Special Zone Industrial Development Corporation, which was established in 1985. At that time, the Industrial Development Corporation of the Special Economic Zone had two major companies, Zhuhai Special Economic Zone Guanxiong Plastic Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Haili Air Conditioner Factory.

In 1990, with the approval of Zhuhai Municipal People’s Government, Gree Group was established. Its original name was Zhuhai Gree Group Company, with a registered capital of 1 million yuan, and the enterprise was collectively owned.

At the beginning of its establishment, Gree Group mainly engaged in trade, not air conditioning as we are familiar with. In 1991, Gree Group merged Zhuhai Special Economic Zone Guanxiong Plastic Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Haili Air Conditioner Factory and renamed it Gree Air Conditioner Factory, which is the predecessor of Gree Electric. Later, in order to develop Zhuhai Beiling Industrial Zone, Gree Group successively established Zhuhai Gree Real Estate Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Gree Real Estate Co., Ltd., which is the predecessor of gree real estate.

In 1992, Gree Group increased its registered capital to 170 million yuan, and it has 14 directly affiliated enterprises and 18 other joint ventures, including Gree Air Conditioning Factory and Gree Real Estate. At this time, Gree Group has basically formed the embryonic form of air conditioning and real estate.

In 2009, Gree Group was restructured into a limited liability company (wholly state-owned) and its name was changed to Zhuhai Gree Group Co., Ltd..

Gree Electric head office

gree electric appliances

After the merger of Guanxiong Plastic Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Haili Air Conditioner Factory, the newly established Gree Electric is still an unknown small factory with only a crude production line with an annual output of only 20,000 window air conditioners. At that time, the chairman of Gree Electric was not Dong Mingzhu but Zhu Jianghong, and Dong Mingzhu was the business manager of East China. Under the leadership of Zhu Jianghong, Gree Electric has developed a series of marketable products, seized the market opportunities and initially established the brand image of Gree.

Subsequently, Gree Electric began to focus on quality, put forward the quality policy of "producing excellent products, creating famous brands, achieving scale and creating world-class level", implemented the "excellent product strategy", established and improved the quality management system, issued the "Twelve Banners for General Managers" and implemented the "Zero Defect Project". After several years of paying close attention to quality work, Gree products have achieved a qualitative leap in quality, laid the competitive advantage of Gree products in quality, created a famous brand "Gree" and established a good reputation among consumers.

In 1994, Dong Mingzhu began to be in charge of sales. With the innovative marketing model, the production and sales volume of Gree air conditioners jumped to the first place in the country in 1995. Subsequently, relying on Dong Mingzhu’s original "regional sales company" model, which is known as "a brand-new marketing model in the 21st century economic field", Gree Electric’s benefits have steadily increased year after year, and it stands out in the highly competitive home appliance industry.

In 1996, Gree Electric was successfully listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange. In 2004, Gree Electric acquired subsidiaries such as Zhuhai Lingda and Gree Electric, and began to lay out the upstream and downstream industrial chains of air conditioners.

The real turning point in Gree Electric occurred in 2019. This year, Zhuhai decided to deepen the mixed reform of Gree Electric and transfer the state-owned shares of Gree Electric by publicly soliciting the transferee. Subsequently, Zhuhai Mingjun Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership) led by Gao Ying and participated by Dong Mingzhu reached an agreement with Zhuhai SASAC, and Gree Group transferred 15% of its shares in Gree Electric to Zhuhai Mingjun at a price of 46.17 yuan/share.

Gaoying Capital Zhang Lei

After the completion of this transaction, Gree Group only holds 3.22% equity of Gree Electric, becoming an insignificant minority shareholder and Gree Electric becoming a listed company without actual controller. On the surface, Gao Yin became the major shareholder of Gree Electric, but in essence, Dong Mingzhu became the veritable "queen" of Gree Electric.

Gree Electric is no longer a state-controlled enterprise.

Gree real estate

Gree real estate

As one of the two listed entities under Gree Group, gree real estate’s origin can be traced back to the development of Zhuhai Beiling Industrial Zone by Gree Group.

Gree real estate’s core companies are Zhuhai Gree Real Estate Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Gree Zhisheng Real Estate Co., Ltd., which are mainly responsible for commercial real estate development under Gree Group.

As a listed company, gree real estate’s predecessor is actually Xi ‘an Haixing Modern Technology Co., Ltd., a company listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 1999. Its relationship with Gree originated from a backdoor listing in 2008.

On September 18th, 2008, the listed company Xi ‘an Haixing Modern Science and Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Gree Group carried out major asset restructuring through asset replacement and non-public offering. Gree Group replaced all assets of Xi ‘an Haixing with its 100% equity of Zhuhai Gree Real Estate Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Gree Zhisheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. except for retaining real estate and retaining liabilities.

In 2012, the company name was changed to "gree real estate Co., Ltd.", and gree real estate, as a listed company, officially appeared, and Gree Group was the major shareholder of gree real estate. However, the mother-child relationship between Gree Group and listed company gree real estate did not last long. In the same year, Dong Mingzhu became the chairman and legal representative of Gree Group.

In 2014, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Zhuhai requested Gree Group to inject 51.94% equity of gree real estate held by Gree Group into Zhuhai Investment, a wholly-owned company newly established by Zhuhai State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission. After the completion of the transaction, Zhuhai Investment replaced Gree Group as the major shareholder of gree real estate. Since then, Gree Group and gree real estate have officially parted ways.

Whose "Gree"?

On May 11th, 2022, according to CCTV financial news, when talking with Dong Mingzhu about the diversified development of Gree Electric, Dong Mingzhu said that she would never invest in finance and real estate, and said that gree real estate had nothing to do with her at all. Dong Mingzhu also said that gree real estate’s use of the Gree trademark did harm to Gree Electric.

It is not entirely true that Dong Mingzhu said that gree real estate had nothing to do with her. At least in 2012 -2014, gree real estate was an important holding company of Gree Group, and Dong Mingzhu, as the chairman and legal representative of Gree Group, definitely participated in the operation and management of important subsidiaries. Gree Electric, as the brother company of gree real estate, is at least related. Of course, after gree real estate and Gree Electric were stripped off successively, Gree Group, Gree Electric and gree real estate became almost completely independent subjects. Gree Group and gree real estate remain state-owned, while Gree Electric has become a real private enterprise.

The only connection between the three seems to be the trademark "Gree". Dong Mingzhu tucao gree real estate used Gree trademark to hurt Gree Electric, which is also the reason.

"Gree" trademark

According to the public inquiry information, at present, the applicants for both "GREE" and "GREE" trademarks are Gree Electric. However, based on the relationship among the three parties, in fact, GREE Group and gree real estate still use "Gree" and "GREE" at the name or font size level. I believe there are arrangements for trademark authorization among the three parties.

However, after the separation from gree real estate and Gree, Gree Group, the former Zhuhai State-owned No.1, gradually turned to be plain and ordinary, and transformed into a state-owned platform company with little characteristics. The main business scope has also become industrial investment, engineering construction, urban renewal and urban operation, which are similar to most state-owned platforms in China. However, for the Zhuhai government, the cash of 40 billion yuan from the sale of Gree Electric is undoubtedly sufficient ammunition for the development of other industries.

　　() The Record Form of Investor Relations Activities was released on October 30, and the company was investigated by 65 institutions on October 26, 2023. The types of institutions are QFII, insurance companies, others, fund companies, overseas institutions, securities companies and Sunshine private equity institutions. The main contents of investor relations activities are introduced:

　　Q: How much did the performance change in the third quarter contribute from this volume and price point of view?

　　A: Judging from the sales in the third quarter, it is basically the same as that in the second quarter. However, from the perspective of gross profit margin, there was an improvement in the third quarter, which came from the shipment of some unconventional products with high gross profit margin, so the level of gross profit margin was raised. In fact, the overall gross profit margin of conventional products was not significantly increased.

　　Q: Compared with Q2 in a single quarter, Q3′ s revenue is basically the same, but the gross profit is actually higher and the net profit is lower. What are the main expenses? Explain roughly?

　　A: The cost has increased by about 30 million yuan, mainly because the first one is doing R&D enhancement, and the R&D cost is about 17 million yuan higher, which is mainly due to the new streaming in the third quarter compared with the second quarter, and other new R&D expenses; In addition, the financial cost of more than 10 million yuan is mainly due to the interest payment of convertible bonds in the third quarter, and there is no such project in the second quarter.

　　Q: What is the current proportion of major customers and the subsequent trend of concentration?

　　A: In fact, the proportion of big customers in our revenue has gradually declined since the beginning of this year. There are two factors influencing this trend in the future: first, we are trying to explore new customers, and the increase of new customers will gradually reduce the proportion of big customers, which is a factor leading to the decline; In the second aspect, the innovative business of large customers is growing at a high speed outside the traditional business. In this respect, the company cooperates with large customers to expand various product lines, which will lead to an increase in the proportion of large customers. These two factors will offset each other. As for the change trend of concentration in the future, it depends on which of these two factors develops faster.

　　Q: What is the approximate planning rhythm for the follow-up new products of special product lines?

　　A: First, in some new industrial application directions, such as industrial vision and robot planning. Second, with the progress of the times, including the improvement of AI ISP technology, new technological progress has brought about product change trends, such as low power consumption, multi-purpose, AI codec and other emerging technologies, which are all new directions, and new technological changes will bring various terminal innovations.

　　Q: What do you think of the future development trend of the machine vision chip market, including the overall competition pattern now?

　　A: Machine vision is divided into two parts, one is industrial vision, which will come soon. We think it is a blue ocean from 0 to 1. At present, this stage is a replacement process of ASIC chip to FPGA, a general chip. When this replacement process happened, there were no competitors, and the threshold for entry was very high. It required not only the chip itself, but also the chip design company and the whole machine factory. Only when the customer has enough coverage and done enough projects can he put forward the demand for better ASIC chips. The ASIC chip with corresponding definition can face all kinds of scenarios. In the short term, this piece mainly depends on the expansion speed of ASIC chip scheme and our own research and development speed. At present, the robot is a promising field. At present, all kinds of robot products are in full bloom, but now we are doing intensive research on whether there is a special visual chip for robots that everyone can use. For example, industrial robots that can lift heavy things, such as lighter and smarter cooperative robots, such as handling in warehouses, your life in hotels, and the humanoid that everyone likes best, have different needs in various scenarios. What we are doing now is to first see if our existing chips, such as the one in the big model, can cooperate in this scenario. This is the first step, and if it can, it will be the fastest. The second is to make a trade-off for the new robot-specific chip. There are so many complicated scenes.So many complicated tasks, extract the greatest common divisor, estimate the number, think about the new chip product definition according to their greatest common divisor, and strive to make a universal visual chip that can adapt to all kinds of robots. At present, the market is very new, and the competition pattern is actually faster than anyone else, and this is a very high threshold, so it is not easy for anyone to enter this stadium.

　　Q: At present, what is the proportion of revenue in the first three quarters according to the downstream business areas?

　　A: Actually, it is still similar to the semi-annual report at present, which is about 75% for special purpose, 15% for general consumption and 10% for automobiles.

　　Q: Looking at the fourth quarter, should the approximate revenue share still be at this level?

　　A: Basically.

　　Q: What is the order situation in the fourth quarter at present?

　　A: Sales were relatively stable this quarter. Next year, the conference call of major customers will convey their ideas, that is, in PBG, the project started slowly due to financial pressure, but now, after many special bonds are issued, the funds will be in place and the project will start faster, and next year will be more promising. This is a special field; After the fourth quarter, including the consumer market situation next year, one is the demand recovery factor brought about by economic stabilization, and the other is that product innovation and technological innovation may have relatively high growth. Next year, you can look a little more optimistic.

　　Q: From the perspective of gross profit margin, look forward to the trend behind our gross profit margin.

　　A: Looking back, the gross profit should be a gradual recovery process, and then it should be gradually improved. As for the speed, we should observe the market.

　　Q: Are there any differences in product layout and industry positioning between the eyes core and friends we acquired?

　　A: First, let me introduce the Eye Core team. They used to make mobile phone SoC, and the shipment volume is very large. Generally speaking, the complexity of mobile phone SoC is basically the highest among chips at present, and it may take 40 to 50 functional modules to sum up. Therefore, the products are fully technical reserves based on their previous capabilities. What Eye Core is doing now are some high-end products. For example, the 8K NVR in our exhibition this time, the picture is very clear, the positioning is relatively cutting-edge, and the team goal is to specialize in industry-leading innovative products. It is not convenient for friends to evaluate more. At present, they are still in the stage of ensuring sales, so the positioning may still be a little different.

　　Q: Are we still talking about the wafer price? Is there room for further discussion?

　　A: Actually, we are also talking about it. The whole industry is relatively consistent. We focus on mature production capacity, and the production capacity is basically not a problem now. In terms of price, the price of Taiwan Province’s fabs is still relatively firm, while that of mainland fabs has been lowered. So far, the price of next year is predicted in this direction of relative stability. As for whether it will be lowered at that time, it is certain that there will be a clear result until Q1 next year.

　　Q: Is it convenient to introduce the current proportion of 28nm, 22nm and 12nm processes?

　　A: If the wavelength is 22 nm or 28nm, it is the same process node for us, that is, a relatively mature process. Our products are mainly based on mature processes, and the 12nm process is a new product, and the relative proportion is not too high.

　　Q: What is the inventory level of the company now? Industry situation?

　　A: Fuhanwei’s inventory has been very low in this round of down cycle, and it is even lower in the third quarter. The inventory of friends is probably still relatively high. Inventory differences also reflect the competitiveness of our products. There may be some differentiation among different enterprises in the subsequent development, and our situation may be optimistic. There are some new technological innovations in the industry. When the technological innovations are promoted widely enough, the pressure on old products is relatively high. Those old chips that have been in high inventory for a long time may have more and more limited competitiveness, which may bring inventory pressure and the like. This is the industry. However, on the whole, the industry inventory should be gradually removed.

　　Q: If the inventory of friends is relatively high, will it be cleared in the market, which will affect our overall price gross profit margin?

　　A: Actually, it happened last year, and it didn’t happen until the industry cycle reached this point. The chip is a product somewhat similar to fashion, and it may not be sold after it is out of date. But now a new wave of technological innovation in the industry is coming again. When new things come out, it is likely that outdated fashion will be on sale and no one will want it.

　　Q: If we look at the follow-up, the inventory level in the whole industry should still go down, and then the water level here is basically normal now?

　　A: As far as the normal level of our company is concerned, if we compare the industry horizontally, it is actually a very low level of the industry. In the future, if the inventory of Fuhanwei rises, it is not that the product backlog is not easy to sell, but that the company will predict the price increase of some raw materials and make some reserves in advance. Now the inventory is low to a certain extent. If we go up again, it is because the company actively increases the stock of some raw materials that may increase in price. In fact, the overall expectation for next year is quite optimistic. As we said, KGD may have the pressure of rising prices, so we may make some arrangements in advance.

　　Q: The operating cash flow in the third quarterly report is still quite good, mainly because the overall payment of product sales is better?

　　A: The products are easier to sell, the customer quality is higher, and the payment is normal.

　　Q: What about the overall impact of CMS chip and its progress?

　　A: CMS regulations were implemented on July 1, and now a small number of fastest-moving car manufacturers have introduced CMS models. When pushing, it is usually for young people’s models. At present, several models are gradually introduced. CMS is divided into two parts. The first one, which is outside the cabin and looks like two small eyes, is called electronic rearview mirror. There is also a car cabin, which splicing the images of electronic rearview mirrors into a complete image, called streaming media rearview mirror. Their pace of innovation is usually conservative, and car manufacturers usually stream media first, and then electronic rearview mirrors. The current progress is probably like this. Domestic streaming media rearview mirrors will have higher requirements, such as removing the headlights to highlight the reflection, zooming the image, shifting the image to the dead angle, etc. These functions all require higher chip solutions. At present, the company’s solutions should be relatively advanced in the industry, and some functions are unique to us. Basically, we are equipped with CMS models now, and if we use domestic chips, the high probability is ours.

　　Q: What is the overall progress of the vehicle code certification?

　　Answer: At the same time, do two car code certifications. The first one is functional safety ISO26262. If it is fast, it will be completed within this year. Another information security ISO21434 will be next year.

　　Q: What is the overall progress of DMS/OMS?

　　A: The market share of DMS/OMS is already relatively high, so it still depends on the improvement of the penetration rate of the whole market. According to the data of 22 years, the penetration rate of DMS is 2%~3%, and the penetration rate of OMS is lower. So what we are waiting for is an increase of 10 times the permeability. Looking around here, we have achieved some results this year. At present, many car manufacturers have started to ship in small quantities, and we expect to release a large number next year.

　　Q: Who are the major customers downstream of the on-board chips now?

　　A: We are considered as second-tier suppliers. We are mainly in contact with first-tier suppliers. First-tier suppliers are the innovative business of big customers’ cars and other automakers. As long as they have heard of brands in the market, they have basically reached them.

　　Q: Will the company continue to do equity incentives in the future, and will it consider repurchase?

　　A: Fu Hanwei is still in the stage of capital operation, and many things may come step by step, which is the first. The second equity incentive is very important for chip design enterprises. When it is done, it depends not only on whether it is suitable for the external environment, but also on whether it is suitable for the internal environment. It needs to wait until the time is ripe. Buy-back is actually an option that we have been paying attention to. The attitude of the company is open, and we have not said that we will definitely not do it, but we may have to wait for a mature opportunity.

　　Q: Will the return of friends affect the shipment of high-end XVR products?

　　A: For the high-end XVR, our 8K NVR has been shipped since the third quarter of last year, and it has reached millions, which can be said to be very good. At present, Fuhanwei may be a leader in the industry. In this area, we are not afraid of our competitors, but it is a goal that competitors need to surpass. Friends and businessmen are not convenient to evaluate.

　　Q: What’s the current progress on our MiPi APHY side? When is it expected to be? There will even be a rhythm of quantity?

　　A: It is progressing smoothly, and then MiPi APHY is regarded as a technological revolution in the field of vehicle transmission. We need to wait for a breakthrough opportunity, which head manufacturer may start to fully introduce this solution, and then everyone will follow up.

　　Q: In terms of specific parameters, what is its speed?

　　A: Theoretically, the faster data can reach 48G, and the commonly used serdes rate is 3G at present. But is it necessary to set the specification very high, and whether the customer will accept this price or not? All these need to be explored step by step in the subsequent development of this industry.

　　Q: Other companies that invest in this car serdes side may achieve, for example, 6-8 G’s, and even some companies seem to have 10 G’s. Compared with such a data, will the company’s current product planning, such as launching the first generation of products, be within such a data range?

　　A: At present, the fastest serdes of Maxim is six G’s. I don’t think it must be faster than it before I can use it. The technical parameters at the time of design need to be mass-produced before we know whether they can really be achieved. Many times, the final market acceptance of a chip should not only have a leading position in technical scheme, but also have a market acceptance, which should be viewed comprehensively.

　　Q: In the field of edge intelligence, such as consumption scenes or industrial scenes, will we have new application directions now?

　　A: Looking at the specific application scenarios from the edge, in the traditional scenario, because the downstream manufacturers are already very concentrated, once their supplier structure is determined, whoever has the advantage now will have the advantage in the future. Another consumer category, such as large models, is an electronic device with a slightly more expensive unit price at present, and may have the ability to increase large models in the future. At present, the company has invested heavily in the introduction of embedded teams and has begun to do Android solutions. In the future, Fuhanwei’s products will not only be used in traditional special fields, but also be used on all kinds of consumer Android devices, which will be a huge increment for us. In the future, we think there will be a lot of things on the edge. Under the current circumstances, the company has entered an Android market that it did not do before. This market may be much larger than our previous consumer market.

　　Q: Do you want to split the gross profit margin according to different product lines?

　　A: Generally speaking, because of the high threshold, the gross profit of the special category will be higher, the threshold of the consumer category will be lower, and there will be more competitors. Usually, the gross profit margin will be slightly lower, and the requirements of the car regulations will be higher. Then the threshold will be higher when producing, and the gross profit margin will be relatively higher. In short, at present, it may be that the car regulations are relatively high, the special ones are relatively high, and then the general ones are slightly lower than them.

　　Q: Should the gross profit of these product lines be relatively stable in the future?

　　A: Yes, because it mainly depends on the upstream and downstream structures, including the car and the dedicated one. The upstream and downstream structures are actually relatively stable, so the pattern is relatively stable. Although there are many people who are doing this piece of consumption at present, it is scattered, but we think that in the future, according to the scale effect of economic law, an oligopoly market will eventually be formed, but its market concentration is not as cruel as that in the special market, so only two or three companies may survive, and there may be more participants in consumption, but the pattern will still be stronger.

　　Q: This year as a whole, does the plan for the fourth quarter include the expansion plan of the R&D personnel company?

　　A: In fact, we have begun to do a counter-cyclical expansion within our power. For example, in addition to the cost of film streaming, the R&D expenses increased significantly in the third quarter, as well as the cost of R&D reserves and the expansion of R&D personnel. We are now vigorously recruiting experts. As long as you are talented, welcome to Fuhanwei, and the treatment space is not capped. We will continue to expand enrollment when the cash flow is good, the financial situation is good and the business situation is good.

　　Q: What is the impact of the big model?

　　A: It is expected that the equipment with a slightly higher unit price will have the ability to connect with a large model in the future. We are trying to promote the chip scheme of China Unicom’s large model FH8898 to various terminal manufacturers. Although the final product form, whether it will be a large model of a learning machine or a large model of a home robot will sell well, it is not known at present, but we will try our best to reach out to these customers and find out whether the existing chip and the existing scheme can cooperate well. This piece is a very big opportunity for us, and it is a cheap and good chip according to the shipment volume. So in the whole consumer market, we are a very strong competitor.

　　Q: What do you think of the trend of general products in the future?

　　A: There is a functional requirement called always online, which reflects the low power consumption in technology. This is a trend, which requires high design ability and even higher definition ability. The second AI technology is deeply penetrated. One of our more eye-catching products this year is AI ISP products. Under the Lux of 0.02, people’s eyes are all black, but AI ISP imaging is very clear. With the passage of time in the future, this function may be available on a better camera. Therefore, we are now in an era of new technological innovation. Recently, it has been observed that people like to use multi-eye stitching. At present, we have also introduced a camera called 2+1 at the exhibition. Its display effect can see a wide angle of view of 180 degrees. At the same time, there is also a camera that can track the target. It will have three lenses on a device, but it can be done with only one chip. This is the innovation of the product. Including we also showed an acoustic camera, which can quickly locate the sound position when talking in the environment, and focus the direction of that radio on your side and so on. There will be a lot of small product innovations in this area. The functional and trend things that were big before, such as low power consumption, always-on, AI penetration and so on, are the big directions.

　　Q: What are our product layout and future development ideas for special products?

　　A: There are two special products, one is called traditional special products, and the back end has been mentioned to a relatively advanced level. According to the technological changes of the times, the front-end also gradually launched products at that stage, which is a traditional business; There is also a new business, such as industrial vision, robotics and so on, which we think is very exciting, because from 0 to 1, not everyone has the opportunity to catch up, just because we have accumulated before, met this era, and have good customer cooperation, so we will try our best to achieve good results in this respect;

　　Details of participating institutions are as follows:

The 2023 World Artificial Intelligence Conference was held in Shanghai from July 6 to 8. The main exhibition of the 50,000-square-meter Expo covers four sections: core technology, intelligent terminal, application empowerment and cutting-edge technology, involving large models, chips, robots, intelligent driving and other fields. There are over 400 exhibitors, over 50 excellent start-ups, and more than 30 new products are exhibited for the first time. The number of exhibitors and exhibition area are the highest in history.

Layout of the new track of the future industry, large models have appeared.

Enter the key words of the work in the computer, such as "thick painting, illustration, girl, cuteness", and then choose different painting styles, and you can generate a beautiful painting in just over ten seconds. During this World Artificial Intelligence Conference, the reporter experienced the first AI painting experience activity launched by Netease Fuxi, Shanghai Communist Youth League Committee and Donghao Lansheng. This technology relies on the picture generation model developed by Netease Fuxi-"Danqing", which is also a 100% domestic model.

Picture generation model "Danqing", courtesy of Netease Fuxi.

According to the staff, the large model is trained based on native Chinese corpus data and Netease’s own high-quality picture data. After strict text and picture review, the model has good Chinese understanding ability while ensuring data source compliance and generated content compliance, and the works created can better meet Chinese aesthetics. In addition, the big model also supports users to give multiple rounds of modification suggestions across multi-modes such as words and pictures until satisfactory picture effects are generated.

"The big model is not a fireworks show, but an advanced productive force. This wave of AGI revolution is a brand-new meta-revolution. The big model is of great significance for industrial development. With the big model, enterprises have ushered in a new opportunity and realized an’ end-to-end’ value realization. " On the 7th, Xiao Yanghua, director of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science and professor of Fudan University, co-hosted the theme forum "The Infinite Charm of AI Generation and Vertical Language Model" in Shanghai Pudong New Area Youth Federation, Daguan Data and Youkede.

The "Cao Zhi" big model of philosophical data was released. View data for the picture

At the forum, Chen Yunwen, Chairman and CEO of Daguan Data, officially released the "Cao Zhi" model of Daguan Data. As a vertically specialized large-scale domestic language model, this large model has the characteristics of long text, verticalization and multilingual. By connecting multiple models and knowledge maps in parallel, it supports the functions of automatic writing and multilingual translation of long texts in multiple languages, and enables all-round scenarios such as long document writing, machine translation, semantic analysis review, knowledge question and answer, text-to-SQL, etc., and can be deeply optimized and customized according to the needs of copywriting in different industries and fields. Whether in finance, government affairs or industry, Cao Zhida model can provide accurate and effective solutions for copywriting.

As a domestic strategic partner of Cao Zhi’s big model, UCloud’s AIGC computing base also made a wonderful appearance. Benjurry Ben, Chairman and CEO of UCloud, delivered a keynote speech on "Neutral and Secure Cloud Computing Helps the Development of Big Model", introducing its technical products, engineering capabilities and ecological construction in the field of AIGC.

The panoramic view of Youke AIGC solution made a wonderful appearance. You ke de gong tu

Youke’s AIGC solution panorama, which was unveiled this time, has launched a series of products and solutions covering data centers, computing platforms, management platforms, network services, application services and ecological interfaces through profound technical accumulation and comprehensive system engineering capabilities. The open, secure and customized AIGC solution allows customers to utilize existing server resources, and enjoy the flexible expansion of public cloud conveniently, so as to reduce costs and increase efficiency at the IT level. And through the data center hosting area, it can provide users with exclusive cabinets, servers, networks and storage resources that are completely physically isolated. Combined with complete security schemes and expert services, it ensures the smooth operation of users’ large models.

Benjurry Ben said that he will continue to explore the greater development prospects and broader development space of AIGC with the "Cao Zhi" big language model through the neutral and safe computing base. We will jointly improve the ability of enterprises to apply large models in privatization and promote the process of landing large models at the enterprise level.

Panoramic insight report of exhibitors at the 2023 World Artificial Intelligence Conference released by Digital Library Technology. Digital library technology for the picture

At this World Artificial Intelligence Conference, Database Technology released a brand-new conceptual product atlas-"ISTARI". The on-site staff introduced to the reporter that "istari" is a conceptual product that integrates UPG and large model exhibited at the conference of Digital Library Technology, and it is a new generation of industrial panoramic map platform that can present dialogue and interaction. Based on this small dialogue window, the data dimensions of industries and products and related companies are at your fingertips.

It is reported that the digital government solution is the main push of database technology, in which the industrial monitoring brain platform can carry out real-time monitoring and comparative analysis on industrial scale, industrial environment and other aspects, and through the multi-chain integration of supply chain, innovation chain, policy chain and talent chain, statistics and analysis of relevant upstream and downstream entities, policy orientation, etc., the business environment and investment and financing data can be integrated, and industrial ecological projection can be realized on the big screen through data visualization display. Assist policy implementation and project landing. At the same time, through the full-scene industrial map capability and big data mining analysis means, we will build a data base for investment promotion, empower nearly 50 investment promotion methods such as industrial chain investment promotion, enhance the full-scene data service capability of investment promotion, and vigorously promote the high-quality development of the industry.

Leo Liu, founder and CEO of Digital Database Technology, said at the "Smart Data Smart Way-Data Intelligence Forum" that since the establishment of industrial chain system by Digital Database Technology, enterprises have continuously upgraded iterative data products to better build industrial chain system and serve the real economy, and launched ——UPG(Universal Product Graph), an upgraded data product based on SAM industrial chain system. In the future, based on UPG unified product atlas system, all kinds of relationship lines will be further expanded, and finally the digital transformation will be effectively empowered.

Robot +AI: Towards a new era of embodied intelligence

At present, the industry generally believes that the next wave of artificial intelligence is embodied intelligence. As the carrier of artificial intelligence entering the physical world, embodied intelligence combines artificial intelligence technology with robot entities, giving the "brain" a body that can be controlled, perceived, interacted and acted, and bringing great convenience and benefits as an important partner and assistant of human beings.

At the opening ceremony of this World Artificial Intelligence Conference, a universal humanoid robot GR-1 released by Fu Liye Intelligent in the first show of major innovations has aroused widespread concern in the industry. The robot is 1.65 meters tall, weighs 55 kilograms, has 40 degrees of freedom, the maximum peak torque of joint module can reach 300NM, the walking speed can reach 5KM/h, and the load is 50 kilograms.

According to the staff, this robot has a highly bionic trunk configuration, anthropomorphic motion control, fast walking, agile obstacle avoidance, steady uphill and downhill, anti-impact interference and other motion functions, combined with cognitive intelligence, can cooperate with people to complete actions, and has great potential in many application scenarios such as industry, rehabilitation, home, scientific research and so on.

Fu Liye’s intelligent GR-1 universal humanoid robot debut. Fu Liye Intelligent Photo courtesy

As the next generation ontology of AI with body intelligence, humanoid robots are expected to lead AI into the "era of body intelligence", and will also promote the development of special robots to general robots. Gu Jie, founder of Fu Liye Intelligent, believes that, just like the development trend from desktop computers to personal computers to mobile phones, universal humanoid robots will gradually become the mainstream of the industry in the future. At present, the hardware foundation of universal humanoid robot is basically laid, and the application wave driven by large model is coming.

Unmanned loading robot. Photo courtesy of Netease Fuxi

"In the field of construction machinery, this unmanned loading robot can quickly adapt to different models, and can automatically perform actions such as moving, accelerating and decelerating, shoveling and unloading. The full bucket rate of shoveling operation is over 95%, and the residual rate of unloading hopper is below 5%. The shoveling efficiency is close to that of the master." In the exhibition area of artificial intelligence, the staff mentioned that this unmanned robot was jointly developed by Netease Fuxi and China Construction Eighth Bureau. It is a highly intelligent and fully automated main construction machinery based on the scene of mixing station.

"The concrete mixing station is the basic supply of the construction site, and it needs 24 hours of uninterrupted operation, and a lot of dust and particles will be generated during the operation. Therefore, mixing stations often face the problem of difficulty in recruiting workers. " The staff said that taking the mixing station with two machines and 180 units as an example, the standard configuration is 2 loaders +4 drivers. However, after the replacement of the unmanned loader, only one driver is needed to handle 1% of the special conditions, and the other 99% of the cases can realize the unmanned automatic feeding operation.

At present, the unmanned loading robot has been applied to the intelligent concrete mixing station of Hutong Railway, and batch delivery will be realized this year, so that construction workers can bid farewell to the dangerous working environment and achieve high safety and high quality work.

Accelerate the innovative application of AI in the industry and help achieve the goal of "double carbon"

How can artificial intelligence and big data technology help reduce carbon and promote high-quality development?

Q-Truck, 2023WAIC "Treasure of Town Hall". People’s Daily reporter Ge Junjun photo

Q-Truck, a driverless commercial vehicle with intelligent power exchange displayed by Xijing Technology, is the "treasure of town hall" in 2023WAIC. The staff introduced: "In terms of carbon reduction, after calculation, Q-Truck completely uses green electricity in actual production and operation scenarios, and bicycles can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 50 tons per year, which is equivalent to planting 4,545 trees per year by bicycles, and the annual planting area of bicycles is 113,400 square meters."

Q-Tractor。 Photo courtesy of Xijing Technology

This year, Xijing Technology’s new energy unmanned tractor Q-Tractor was launched in the world in 2023WAIC. This product can be adapted to multiple scenes such as airports, factories and logistics centers, with deeper scene interconnection, more humane driving experience, highly derivative application scenarios and higher-order automatic driving, and can be used in logistics transportation fields such as small cargo transportation and luggage traction. The maximum load of Q-Tractor is 40 tons, and it can realize all-weather transportation for 7×24 hours, which is more stable, smooth and convenient, with "zero pollution and no emission". The relevant person in charge of Xijing Technology expressed the hope that with the help of WAIC, we can help more users to effectively reduce the cost of global production factors and create a green, intelligent and resilient global smart logistics.

"Smart Help Double Carbon, Traces to Follow" 2023 Smart Trend Forum. Photo courtesy of Schneider Electric

At present, the digital economy has become an important pillar of national economic growth. How to accelerate the integration of digital and real industries and move towards green and low carbon with key technologies has become an important issue to achieve high-quality development. Zhang Lei, vice president of Schneider Electric and head of digital service business in China, said at the 2023 Smart Trend Forum: "Artificial intelligence technology is the driving force to promote the leap-forward development of science and technology, industrial optimization and upgrading, and the overall jump in productivity. However, under the general trend of digital integration, the key to the potential of new technologies such as AI lies in their industrialization and large-scale application."

In order to accelerate the innovative application of AI in the industry, Schneider Electric recently set up an AI innovation laboratory in Beijing, and the AI innovation laboratory in Shanghai will soon be established.

Zhang Lei said that in addition to advanced models and algorithms, the key value of AI technology lies in combining practical application scenarios to meet industrial needs. To this end, Schneider Electric is accelerating the creation of an incubator for AI innovation applications. Its AI Innovation Lab is committed to exploring the application innovation of "entity industry+technology ecology +AI" and exploring the application of AI technology in asset and process optimization, infrastructure management, demand management and new energy management, empowering the digitalization and sustainable development of major industries.

"Future car" is about to sail to the "fast lane" of commercialization.

Starting from Shentao Road, Jinqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shanghai, turn left to Jianqiao Road … The whole journey is 2.8 kilometers, which takes about 15 minutes. On July 8, during the 2023 World Artificial Intelligence Conference, the "Driver-free Intelligent Networked Car Show" in Shanghai Jinqiao Demonstration Zone was opening up the autopilot experience to the global audience.

This is the first time that the first batch of enterprises in Pudong New Area have obtained the "driver-free test license" to test their vehicles on the road. AutoX Antu and Neolithic Unmanned Vehicles became the first batch of "unmanned vehicles" enterprises to obtain the license for road test of driverless intelligent networked vehicles issued by Pudong New Area Government.

"Every car travels an average of 80-100 kilometers every day to conduct a safe driving test in driverless mode." Jinqiao, Pudong, Shanghai’s first self-driving open demonstration application road in the central city, has a wealth of application scenarios in the central city of super-large cities and has become the best testing ground for artificial intelligence technology. Lin Tailai, vice president of AutoX, said: "We need to realize the commercialization of completely driverless taxis in large urban areas on a large scale, reduce the cost of intelligent upgrading of automobiles through large-scale mass production, and realize the sustainable development of commercialization and marketization."

"In solving the’ last mile’ with the highest cost and lowest efficiency in logistics distribution, the cost reduction ratio of each unmanned delivery vehicle can reach more than 60%." Huang Hantao, director of the government affairs department of Neolithic Academia Sinica (Shanghai) Technology Co., Ltd. said: "After receiving the notice of innovative application test, we can speed up the test in Pudong and develop three business models: unmanned retail, unmanned distribution and unmanned urban service. I believe that in the future life scene, there will be more and more unmanned equipment like Neolithic unmanned vehicles on the road. "

　　With the continuous development of intelligent technology and the continuous expansion of its influence, media information dissemination, film and television industry upgrading and international cultural exchanges are all facing new development space and opportunities.How to recognize the current coordinate system and locate the future development strategy?The demand for ideological collision and practical communication is increasingly urgent.

　　The 2021 China International Intelligent Communication Forum, which just ended in Wuxi, looks forward to the future development of intelligent communication with its inspiring topic and gold content.

2021 China International Intelligent Communication Forum Opening Ceremony and Main Forum Site

　　Recently, jointly sponsored by the Central Radio and Television General Station and the People’s Government of Jiangsu Province2021 China International Intelligent Communication Forum ended in Wuxi.Vice Minister Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, Director and Editor-in-Chief of the Central Radio and Television General Station, Shen Haixiong, Deputy Secretary of jiangsu provincial party committee and Governor Wu Zhenglong attended the opening ceremony of the forum and delivered speeches. Zhang Aijun, member of the Standing Committee of jiangsu provincial party committee and Minister of Propaganda Department, Peng Jianming, member of the editorial meeting of the Central Radio and Television General Station and general manager of the general manager’s office, and Chen Jiangang, secretary general of Jiangsu Provincial People’s Government, attended the meeting.

　　Around "New age zhi spread"Theme, this forum brings together experts and scholars in the field of intelligent communication at home and abroad and leading figures from all walks of life. Through an opening ceremony, a main forum and three sub-forums, a large number of exclusive opinions and innovative wisdom are stirred up.

　　Look to the future

　　All-media and videoization outline a new development prospect

　　In the era of Internet of Everything, it is particularly critical for intelligent technology to open up a new communication scene and realize the leap of communication mode. At this forum, many experts, scholars and business representatives looked forward to the future communication prospect.

　　Song Jianwu, a professor at the School of Journalism of Renmin University of China and a member of the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Media Integration Expert Group, is "‘ Remodeling and Construction ’ The development of cultural industry in the era of intelligent mediaSpeech at the sub-forum on "Intellectual Industry" with the theme of "Intellectual Industry".

　　He pointed out that the all-media communication system is a system built on the basis of modern information technology with the Internet as the core. Holography means the application of the latest technology; All employees and all effects are the characteristics of the future media industry and the new characteristics of the future social interaction or communication relationship based on the Internet.

　　Professor, School of Journalism, Renmin University of China

　　Song Jianwu, member of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Media Integration Expert Group

　　Deliver a keynote speech

　　Song Jianwu also put forward his own judgment on the future media form: "In the future, there will be an all-media communication system based on community media integration, with regional media integration platform as the skeleton and national media platform as the leading factor. This system will inevitably lead to the situation that the media at all levels will get through vertically and the county-level media center will get through the localized resources horizontally."

　　Song Jianwu also said that the future media industry may play a greater role in the operation of urban brain, because urban brain will be the data collection and operation center of future society. "We also see that the leading media groups have entered this field.The media should be the hub of society by nature, especially the platform media as the ruling tool of the party and the government, which must stand in the center of the stage.Therefore, we believe that in the future, the media industry will be more useful in the operation of the new center of society (urban brain). "

　　At the same time, many guests expressed their full expectations for the media to be further "videoized". Rui Chen, Chairman and CEO of Billie Billie, said in his keynote speech at the main forum that all future creative forms will be embedded in video expression. "Video is not only the most natural medium, but also the most friendly medium for the audience.In the next three years or five years, the number of video users in China will reach 1.2 billion. On that day, our content industry has also changed."

　　Rui Chen, Chairman and CEO.

　　Deliver a keynote speech

　　Zhang Zhian, a professor at the School of Communication and Design of Sun Yat-sen University who attended the sub-forum on "Smart Industry", continued to be optimistic about the development prospects of short videos in the 5G era. He made three predictions about this: "The short video platform is expected to become the social infrastructure like the link platform and consumption platform like WeChat and Taobao.; Short video platform will make link live broadcast and e-commerce become common application scenarios, and different application scenarios need to be further developed; The short video platform makes video socialization possible, and the social function will surpass the entertainment function to facilitate people’s convenient communication. In addition, Zhang Zhian stressed that the development of short video should improve the safety factor in data and content.

　　Value guidance

　　Carrying forward mainstream values and practicing social responsibility has become a consensus.

　　Using data to empower the industry and strengthen the application of algorithms to reach users more accurately has become the development direction of the intelligent media era. However, "algorithm" is not a simple technical tool. With its wide application and deepening influence, many related issues have risen to the value level. Some of the guests expressed their views on this from their own perspectives.

　　In the topic "‘ The era of intelligent media, integration and innovation ’ At the "Smart Technology" sub-forum of "New Technology Empowers the Integration and Development of Smart Media", Mei Jianping, executive deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Ultra HD Audio Production and Broadcasting of the Technical Bureau of the Central Radio and Television General Station, said,The "main station algorithm" that the main station is trying to build will become a powerful engine to help the deep integration and development of media.

　　"No matter what kind of recommendation logic, the most advanced algorithm technology will always be the basic support to lead the future information distribution. At the same time, we will transform the orientation of mainstream values such as our guiding power, communication power and influence into calculable factors and integrate them into the algorithm." Mei Jianping said.

　　Central Radio and Television General Station Technology Bureau

　　State key laboratory of ultra-high definition audio production and broadcast presentation

　　Mei Jianping, executive deputy director, delivered a keynote speech

　　While the commercial internet platform finds the breakthrough point of algorithm technology innovation in the tide of intelligent media, it should be more alert to possible false information, privacy security and other issues.

　　To this end, Cao Guowei, chairman and CEO of Sina and chairman of Weibo, said,In the era of intelligent communication, we should always be afraid of the growing influence of the platform, strike a balance between the commercial attributes and social attributes of the platform, actively explore ways to strengthen platform governance and assume social responsibilities.

　　Chairman and CEO of Sina

　　Cao Guowei, Chairman of Weibo delivered a keynote speech.

　　In Cao Guowei’s view, Weibo covers hundreds of millions of users and has a strong platform influence and communication power. Therefore, Weibo regards promoting the main theme and transmitting positive social energy as an important part of its platform to practice social responsibility.

　　Cao Guowei said: "Weibo has recognized the new problems brought by social media platforms from a very early age, and put platform governance and social responsibility at the core of enterprise development." The platform should raise risk awareness, strengthen technical means, and comprehensively protect data security and user privacy. Cao Guowei said that this is an important part of the platform’s practice of social responsibility.

　　In the face of the flood of false information, Cao Guowei suggested strengthening the main responsibility of the platform, creating a clear Weibo space, actively expanding the mainstream voice, and doing a good job in dispelling false information.

　　As an Internet platform with a large audience and traffic scale, bilibili is also actively practicing the integration and guidance of mainstream values, which has a subtle influence on the vast number of young people. In his speech, Rui Chen emphasized the positive role that Internet websites should play in promoting the main theme and positive energy.

　　In recent years, bilibili has taken the initiative to strengthen cooperation with mainstream media. In terms of channel cooperation, CCTV News stayed in bilibili in 2019. At present, the number of fans exceeds 6 million, making it one of the most popular mainstream media accounts in bilibili. In terms of content cooperation, in 2020, bilibili and CCTV cooperated to produce a large-scale panoramic live broadcast program "Wuhan Recovery", and invited a group of bilibili UP owners to conduct aerial live broadcast, leading the audience to witness the long-lost "fireworks" in Wuhan, which also fully activated the potential of folk UGC and deeply demonstrated the two-way interaction in the Internet age.

　　Huang Chuxin, deputy director and secretary general of the New Media Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said in the round-table dialogue of the sub-forum:How to balance content and technology, on the one hand, tests the information recipients, on the other hand, it also tests the media practitioners.From the perspective of government and society, it is necessary to standardize and refine laws, regulations and system construction.

　　Industrial practice

　　Technology Empowers Full Link Upgrade of Film and Television Industry

　　From the single-point achievement of intellectual media that made people shine at first, to the realization of covering the overall situation of communication system and even profoundly affecting industrial development, the application of intellectual media has surpassed the technical level and empowered thousands of industries.

　　Wuxi, the venue of this forum, has achieved fruitful results in information technology, Internet of Things and digital film industry in recent years.It has the only national digital film industrial park in China, and has initially formed a cultural industry development pattern represented by film and television media, cultural tourism and digital creativity.

　　The development of Wuxi is a typical epitome of China’s film and television and cultural industries. With the increasing penetration of emerging technologies into the film and television industry, the connection between film and television production and viewing experience will be further upgraded to help."Movie Power" is moving towards "Movie Power".

　　wuxi national digital film industry park

　　At the forefront of the industry, Zhang Wenlin, president of Huawei’s strategy department, delivered a keynote speech at the main forum focusing on how digital technology can promote the upgrading of the film and television industry. Zhang Wenlin believes that "all kinds of technological breakthroughs, business innovation and business model exploration will eventually lead to chemical reactions in the industry and stimulate the cluster effect, which needs to be implemented."

　　Zhang Wenlin, President of Huawei’s Strategy Department

　　Deliver a keynote speech

　　Zhang Wenlin put forward his own views on several hot applications of smart media:Ultra HD is accelerating, consolidating the 4K industry and accelerating the move to 8K; The improvement of AI production efficiency will run through the whole process of video production, and digital people are also coming out; For the penetration and application of 5G, Zhang Wenlin believes that 5G access not only brings cost savings at the shooting end, but also brings the expansion of live scenes.

　　Huang Qunfei, executive deputy general manager of Huaxia Film Distribution Co., Ltd. also mentioned the upgrading and transformation of the whole chain of the film industry by the exploration of smart media technology. "It is precisely because of the Internet that TV programs, especially cultural performances, concerts and ball games, can enter the cinema, enriching the content of the cinema; The application of holographic immersion fusion enriches the form of film and television products; Big data analysis will significantly enhance the ability of film distribution, and can customize production and precise push, so that film distribution can be personalized and differentiated. " Huang Qunfei said.

　　Huaxia Film Distribution Co.,Ltd

　　Executive Deputy General Manager Huang Qunfei delivered a keynote speech.

　　For the film industry in the era of intelligent communication, Huang Qunfei proposed three directions for future exploration:First, focusing on virtual production, promoting the integration of technology and film and television.By linking the scientific community and the film industry to build an exchange and cooperation platform, lead the production of China blockbusters;The second is to provide on-demand services for film and television production based on cloud computing technology., collecting data for video editing, image design, animation production and other services;The third is to develop immersive cinemas.Combining high-resolution stereo projection technology, three-dimensional computer graphics technology and audio-visual technology, a completely immersive virtual environment is created, and an audio-visual feast is performed by immersing in the cinema.

　　In addition, this forum also held "Intellectual culture, mutual learning of civilizations and cultural communication"Sub-forum, to discuss how to use intelligent means to stimulate cultural innovation, promote cultural exchanges between different countries, and constantly expand the" circle of friends "of international communication. The foreign guests at the meeting held in-depth discussions on the commonness of Chinese and foreign life and culture, cross-cultural communication and communication based on social media.

　　Conclusion:

　　China International Intelligent Communication Forum 2021 is a brand activity of cross-border integration in the field of national intelligent communication. By building an international communication platform,Discussion on technology application, industrial integration, cultural exchange, social responsibility and humanistic care in the era of intelligent communication.Frontier issues will help to further build consensus and jointly promote the high-quality development of the global intelligent communication industry.

　　The infinite future of intelligent communication comes from the continuous deepening of thinking and the large-scale development of innovative practice. China International Intelligent Communication Forum 2021 provides a channel for practitioners to ask about the future, and sincerely expects that the forum will contribute more and more exciting content next year.

No.418, Suilun, Changdi Village, Zhuanghang Town, Fengxian District. The owner of this old house is Feng Kaimin.

In the past 40 years, this old rural house has experienced the same vicissitudes as other old rural houses: mottled walls, broken roof tiles and damaged facilities. However, just as the Spring Festival comes in 2024, it has undergone great changes-the unified style of white walls and gray tiles, the scattered layout of the front hall, the central garden and the backyard, with simple and generous doors and windows … attracting many relatives and friends to visit.

For Feng Kaimin, it is his long-cherished dream that a whole family can spend the Spring Festival in the "new house" and share a happy reunion.

What will the old rural house look like?

At present, there are 175 villages and about 100,000 farmers in Fengxian, and most of their old rural houses were also built in the 1980s. Prior to this, with the increasingly prominent "old, broken and old", more and more young villagers left the countryside and entered the urban area, living a "one city and one township" life with their parents. Nowadays, with the deepening of rural revitalization, the rural living environment is becoming more and more beautiful and comfortable. A large number of young villagers are eager to "go home" and want to live with their relatives and return to their childhood. Feng Kaimin is one of them.

According to the Measures for the Administration of Rural Villagers’ Housing Construction in Fengxian District, in recent years, in fact, there are many villagers who have built, rebuilt, expanded or renovated their old houses in rural areas, and many new problems have also arisen. For example, the house is very new, but it doesn’t conform to the aesthetics of young people. The house is beautiful, but the interior design doesn’t highlight comfort more. For another example, the transformation is quite conspicuous, and it is out of place with other old houses, or it is out of harmony with the surrounding style, and the villagers are not willing to visit …

There are also clever villagers who "smell" the opportunity of "homestead reform" and "wait" for the government to act as a "intermediary" to transfer the right to use the homestead and let the third party rejuvenate the old house. But such a good thing can’t happen to every village, and it can’t be applied to every family. The vast majority of villagers still have to improve their living environment by themselves and work together to build beautiful countryside. However, it is a headache to create what kind of house can not only be in harmony with the present rural beauty, but also be compatible with the homesickness of the older generation and the living habits of the new generation.

Be a crab eater once.

In 2020, introduced by a friend, Feng Kaimin walked into the Fennel Studio in Fengxian and got to know Tang Yue and Liao Chen, two old house renovation designers. Among them, the former, a native of Fengxian, is eager to use rich experience in space design to reshape the old house in the hearts of the villagers; The latter is an international prize winner of architectural design in the field of old house renovation.

Their arrival brought another idea for Feng Kaimin to transform his old house, that is, while retaining the original appearance of the old house, remodeling its pattern at a price acceptable to the villagers, so that it can meet the living needs of four generations. Feng Kaimin said that this was an attempt he had never thought of before.

In fact, the transformation of the old house will encounter many intangible and tangible restrictions. On the one hand, the local government hopes that the style of houses in rural areas can be unified, so as to avoid the visual pollution caused by too diverse house styles, thus creating the overall aesthetic feeling of the countryside. On the other hand, to transform the 40-year-old old house is equivalent to a large-scale "operation" in the "shell", otherwise it will be difficult to break its original state and give it new life functions. However, it takes a lot of trouble, and the villagers can’t help worrying, and it costs no money.

For the renovation of the old house, the family also has their own opinions. Feng Kaimin wants to hand over the old house to professionals to find his childhood home within his ability. What father Feng Jianqiang and mother Sun Huijuan originally thought was that, like other villagers in the village, they would whitewash the walls, repair the roof, and then transform the bathroom so that the old couple could live. Perhaps out of the desire for reunion, the year before last, the family finally reached an agreement and took out a budget of 600,000 yuan to be a "crab eater".

And Tang Yue and Liao Chen’s affection for the rural old house was deeply recognized by Feng Kaimin’s family. "When Tang Yue entered the door, he told me that this wooden door must be left, because this is the iconic door of the old house; There is also the ground between the guest rooms, which is the ground of water mill. These are the marks of the old rural houses. " Feng Kaimin said that it is worthwhile to give the house to a designer who loves the countryside and has special feelings for the old house.

Traditional and modern, old houses welcome new students.

The process of transformation is a long and prone to friction.

Tang Yue said that Feng’s old house consists of two buildings. The former building is a traditional two-story structure and is the main area of daily life. The back house, formerly a thatched cottage, is in a collapsed state. There is also a small open space between the two buildings, all of which add up to 288 square meters. At that time, the first design plan was to open the living room, kitchen, open space and back room of the front building and divide it into three areas: the front building retains the characteristics of the old house and does not break the existing living habits of the elderly; The middle open space is endowed with the beauty of garden by Chinese landscape design, which makes the old house unique; The back room is mainly designed with floor-to-ceiling windows to create a leisure space for young people. On the second floor, according to the needs of young people, the master bedroom, second bedroom, study room, leisure room, etc. are designed, and the style is beautiful as a homestay. During this period, the old man also had many doubts, such as "Will the door be opened too much?" "The wall is torn down and the glass is replaced, and the house is still not firm." "The functions are so scattered that it is inconvenient to eat, go to the toilet and sleep." … After repeated communication and explanation, this year, the old house finally ushered in a complete new life.

"Now these three areas are interconnected and independent, both traditional and modern, suitable for the elderly and meet the needs of young people." Feng Kaimin said that when he was a child, he could walk in the dark in his old house. He was familiar with where the switch was and where the stairs were. Now, he can also walk in the dark in my old house, and the memory of my old house is still completely preserved in this old house. "Including guests from home, relatives and neighbors, it is the same as the countryside when I was a child, without slippers. I think this is my old house. Although it has become more comfortable and more in line with the living needs of our young people, it is still the home I want in my heart. Now, he, his wife and daughter have all moved their lives to the countryside, because for them, today’s old house is no different from the living facilities enjoyed by urban residents.

How does the old house create its own poems and distant places?

This year’s Spring Festival, Feng’s old house ushered in an unprecedented excitement. Father Feng Jianqiang loves watching TV, so he sits in the living room and watches TV. Sun Huijuan, the mother, has a good popularity. Old sisters and relatives from the homestead come to visit and gather in the kitchen to make wonton and fry cakes, talking and laughing to celebrate the arrival of the New Year. Feng Kaimin, on the other hand, enjoys reading, writing, singing and playing guitar with his friends in the city in the back room.

As soon as the cake in the front room is baked, the young people in the back room can also taste it. As soon as the Spring Festival couplets in the back room were finished, they ran to the front room to add joy to the old people. Feng Jianqiang said: "Through the transformation, the popularity of the old house is getting more and more, which is really good. The old man doesn’t want to see anything, but he wants to be lively. " Sun Huijuan also said: "My son and daughter-in-law have come back to live, and neighbors often come to get together at home, feeling that the harmonious atmosphere in this countryside is getting stronger and stronger."

Beautiful countryside, in Feng Kaimin’s view, we must first make the old houses beautiful. Through the renovation of the old house, he wants to tell his peers that the renovation does not need to be expensive to realize his wishes. He also often shares his back house, hoping that more and more young villagers will walk into Feng’s old house and learn the story of the rejuvenation of the old house, so as to attract more and more villagers to join this spontaneous transformation and create their own poems and distant places.

At present, with the help of Fennel Studio, many villagers have followed suit in Zhuanghang Town, Zhelin Town, Xidu Street and Situan Town. These villagers said that, just like the name of Fennel Studio, "Fennel" has the same pronunciation as "going back to hometown". "While enjoying the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River and the charm of the water town, you can enjoy the neighborhood and family. This is the annual taste of Fengxian."

Original title: "In the Spring Festival, the 40-year-old house in the countryside has been rejuvenated! There is a Chinese New Year called Fengxian.

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