Notice of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing Several Provisions (Revised) on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry in Guangzhou No.1 [2020] Notice of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing Several Provisions (Revised) on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry in Guangzhou District People’s governments, municipal government departments and directly affiliated institutions: We hereby print and distribute "Several Provisions (Revised) on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry in Guangzhou" to you, please earnestly organize their implementation. Problems encountered in the implementation process, please report to the Municipal Development and Reform Commission. Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government February 22, 2020 Several Provisions on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry in Guangzhou (Revised) Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 In order to implement the national, provincial and municipal strategic emerging industry development plans and the Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry in Guangzhou, improve the coordination level and comprehensive competitiveness of industrial policies in Guangzhou, concentrate resources to promote the high-end, large-scale and intensive development of biomedical industry, and build a national new drug innovation source, a global new drug clinical trial gathering place and a global biomedical industry. Article 2 These Provisions shall apply to enterprises, institutions, social organizations, trade organizations (or consortia) registered in accordance with the law within the administrative area of this Municipality, engaged in research and development, production, circulation, service and other production and business activities in biomedical related fields, with independent legal personality, and other support objects decided by the municipal government. Chapter II Enhancing the Ability of Innovation and R&D Article 3 For biological products, 1-6 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines and 1-2 kinds of chemicals independently developed and transformed in this Municipality,(Innovate the classification and definition rules of drugs, and adjust them in time according to the drug registration and classification standards issued by National Medical Products Administration) Give financial support in stages, and support the projects in the preclinical research stage to be included in the municipal science and technology plan; After review, the newly-launched new drug project of phase I, II and III clinical research will be awarded with a maximum of 3 million yuan, 5 million yuan and 10 million yuan respectively according to the approved expenses. If the drug/medical device clinical trial institution in Guangzhou is entrusted to carry out clinical trials, the reward amount will be increased by 50%, with a maximum of 4.5 million yuan, 7.5 million yuan and 15 million yuan (for phase II and III clinical trials, Guangzhou) For the enterprises in this Municipality that have obtained the first registration certificates of the second and third types of medical device products, the first registration certificate of each product will be awarded a maximum of 3 million yuan and 5 million yuan respectively according to the approved expenses after review. (Leading unit: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, cooperating unit: Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Health and Health Commission, Finance Bureau) Article 4 Support the construction of important public service platforms such as drug non-clinical safety evaluation institutions (GLP), drug/medical device clinical trial institutions (GCP), clinical trial service platforms, clinical research hospitals with special professional requirements, pilot projects and production platforms in biomedical industry, and the subsidy amount shall not exceed 30% of the total project investment, and the single project shall not exceed 30%. (Leading unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, cooperating unit: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Market Supervision Bureau, Health and Wellness Commission, Finance Bureau)Article 5 The biomedical enterprises and institutions in this city that have passed the national GLP certification will be given a one-time reward. If the certification items that have obtained the GLP certification documents for drugs for the first time reach more than 3 items, more than 6 items and more than 9 items, they will be given 1 million yuan, 2 million yuan and 4 million yuan respectively. A one-time award of 2 million yuan will be given to the biomedical enterprises and institutions in this city that have been certified by the International Committee for Evaluation and Accreditation of Laboratory Animals (AAALAC) for the first time. (Leading unit: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, cooperating unit: Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Health and Wellness Commission, Finance Bureau) Article 6 If R&D service institutions such as local GLP, CRO, and pilot platform of biomedical industry provide services for biomedical enterprises in this city that have no investment relationship with the R&D service institutions, they will be rewarded according to 5% of the annual contract amount and invoice basis, with a maximum of 30 million yuan; If a biomedical enterprise outside the city that has no investment relationship with this R&D service institution is introduced to settle in Guangzhou and provide services for it, it will be rewarded according to 5% of the annual contract amount and invoice basis, with a maximum of 30 million yuan. GCP institutions that have completed more than 10, 20 and 30 clinical trials of new drugs each year will be rewarded with 1 million yuan, 2 million yuan and 3 million yuan respectively. If the Phase I clinical research ward is built and put into use, a one-time reward of 2 million yuan will be given. (Lead unit: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, and cooperating unit: Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Health and Wellness Commission and Finance Bureau)Chapter III Perfecting the Clinical Research Service System Article 7 Support tertiary medical institutions to set up research wards. Clinical research wards are not included in the management of the number of beds in medical institutions, and are not included in the assessment of bed efficiency, turnover rate and utilization rate, and clinical research beds are subsidized. Support the construction of an innovative drug clinical trial service center led by the government in the early stage and gradually transformed into an independent third-party organization. (Lead unit: Municipal Health and Wellness Commission) Article 8 The professional structure, personnel, work performance, review ability and efficiency of the ethics committee of clinical research shall be included in the scope of grade evaluation and performance appraisal of medical institutions; Give a certain inclination to the medical staff who actively carry out and undertake clinical research in terms of post setting and post promotion; In the internal performance distribution of public hospitals, it is inclined to the frontline staff of clinical research; Incorporate clinical research into the main content of performance evaluation of professional title evaluation. (Lead unit: Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau) Article 9 Clinical trials initiated by researchers shall be regarded as scientific research projects and included in the performance evaluation of scientific research; The principal investigator who undertakes clinical trials (including innovative drugs and third-class medical devices) initiated by biomedical enterprises in this Municipality can recommend a researcher, and the recommended person can be regarded as undertaking a municipal science and technology project, and eligible clinical research (including drugs, medical devices, in vitro diagnostic reagents and clinical research initiated by researchers) can be registered as a technical contract; Establish an incentive mechanism for clinical trial institutions and research teams,The income from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, the funds used for personnel in clinical trial projects, and the funds needed for the introduction of high-level talents and teams are not included in the total performance salary of the unit. (Lead unit: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Health and Wellness Commission, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau) Article 10 Full-time clinical researchers of medical institutions may, with the consent of their units, take part-time jobs in enterprises and other scientific research institutions, universities, social organizations, etc. and obtain legal remuneration, and may leave their posts to engage in innovative and entrepreneurial activities such as the transformation of clinical scientific and technological achievements. The income from part-time or off-duty entrepreneurship is not limited by the total performance salary of their units. (Lead unit: Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Health and Health Commission) Chapter IV Promoting the Industrialization of Innovation Achievements Article 11 Support enterprises to carry out the consistency evaluation of generic drug quality and efficacy, and give 2 million yuan of financial support to the varieties of oral solid preparations in the basic drug list that have passed the consistency evaluation of generic drugs according to national regulations and other chemical preparations that have taken the lead in passing the consistency evaluation of generic drugs in the top three in China. (Leading unit: Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, cooperating unit: Municipal Finance Bureau, Market Supervision Bureau, Development and Reform Commission) Article 12 For technological transformation projects certified by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Drug Administration (EMEA), World Health Organization (WHO) and other institutions, the Guangzhou Municipal Fund for Promoting the High-quality Development of Industry and Information Technology will provide financial support of no more than 30% of the project investment and no more than 5 million yuan. (Lead unit: Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology,Cooperating units: Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Science and Technology Bureau, Finance Bureau) Article 13 Post-subsidy support will be given to new drugs (including innovative drugs, improved drugs and similar drugs) that have obtained new drug certificates or drug registration certificates, as well as classic prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine, formula granules of traditional Chinese medicine, innovative medical devices and medical devices that have been registered or put on record, and the projects that are industrialized in this city will be 10% of the total project investment, with a maximum of 50 million yuan. (Leading unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, cooperating unit: Municipal Finance Bureau, Science and Technology Bureau, Health and Wellness Commission, and Market Supervision Bureau) Article 14 Projects in which Nobel Prize winners, lasker medical research awards laureates, academicians of China Academy of Sciences and other experts in the biomedical field bring projects, technologies and teams to Guangzhou for industrialization shall be supported according to 10% of the total project investment, and the maximum amount of a single project shall not exceed 100 million yuan. (Leading unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, cooperating unit: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Finance Bureau) Article 15 Support the pharmaceutical enterprises in this Municipality to introduce advanced technology from abroad to the industrialization in this Municipality or the industrialization led by enterprises in this Municipality, and give 10% of the technology transaction amount with a maximum of 10 million yuan. (Leading unit: Municipal Bureau of Commerce, cooperating unit: Municipal Finance Bureau, Guangzhou Customs, Huangpu Customs) Chapter V Strengthening Industrial Support and Guarantee Article 16 Support the addition of Chinese herbal pieces into the Guangdong Medical Insurance Drug List, and support the inclusion of exclusive Chinese medicinal varieties and ethnic medicines into the national medical insurance drug list. Explore personal account funds to buy commercial health insurance or use personal account funds to establish local characteristic health insurance.Some innovative drugs outside the scope of medical insurance catalogue will be included in the scope of protection. After the new medical service project is approved, the medical institution will independently set the trial price, and the special needs project will be subject to market adjustment price. Support the transfer of new medical service price items in Guangzhou into the catalogue of basic medical service items in Guangdong Province. Actively support innovative drugs to be purchased by Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Group, and serve the innovative development of pharmaceutical industry. (Lead unit: Municipal Medical Insurance Bureau) Article 17 Encourage and support biomedical enterprises to build production workshops and office buildings in this city, incorporate the intended land into the annual land use plan of the city and district, strengthen the protection of land use and marine forest, and accelerate the improvement of surrounding water, electricity, gas, roads, environmental protection, information and other supporting infrastructure. The system of leasing industrial land first and then transferring it, and transferring it in flexible years shall be implemented for biomedical industrial projects in this city. The lease term of lease right after lease shall not exceed 10 years, and the sum of the lease term and the subsequent lease term shall not exceed 50 years, and the lease term of flexible term shall not exceed 20 years. For particularly important projects, based on the market evaluation of land prices, the starting price of the transfer is comprehensively formulated with full consideration of the characteristics of the project. (Lead unit: the district governments, the Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, and the coordinating unit: the Municipal Development and Reform Commission) Article 18 The municipal science and technology department shall regularly notify the customs department of the biomedical related units that need to conduct scientific research, clinical research or import and export of production articles (reagents, instruments and equipment, biological samples, antibodies and reference drugs, etc.) all the year round. Customs departments actively support enterprises to carry out credit cultivation,Give corresponding customs preferential facilities to those who become customs certification enterprises. (Lead unit: Guangzhou Customs, Huangpu Customs, Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, and cooperating unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Market Supervision Bureau) Article 19 With the consent of the municipal government, major public technology platforms and high-end industrialization projects, major biomedical platforms, centers, laboratories and industrial projects of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Science and Technology Innovation Center, and national biomedical reform pilot, base and platform projects shall be implemented in accordance with the "one thing" Article 20 Encourage and support leading enterprises to set up investment funds for biomedical industry, and guide other social capital to support the construction of new drugs, innovative medical device projects and biomedical industrial parks. The invested projects will be included in the green channels of relevant municipal and district departments in terms of review and approval, drug supervision and management, and given priority. (Lead unit: Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Development and Reform Commission, and cooperating units: Municipal Finance Bureau, Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, Science and Technology Bureau, and Local Financial Supervision Bureau) Article 21 Establish a regional ethics committee for drug clinical trials, establish a unified ethics review platform, promote mutual recognition of ethics review, and improve the efficiency of ethics review. Strengthen the docking mechanism of the whole industrial chain of universities, research institutes, hospitals and enterprises, and arrange special funds of no more than 1 million yuan each year through the government’s purchase of services to support the regional ethics Committee of drug clinical trials and the Guangzhou Biomedical Industry Alliance.And carry out activities such as cooperation, training, exchanges, forums, exhibitions and other activities in the whole industry chain in Guangzhou’s national innovative biomedical venture capital service alliance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association’s drug clinical trial Committee, and bio-industry innovation think tank. (Lead unit: Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Development and Reform Commission, and cooperating unit: Municipal Market Supervision Bureau) Article 22 These Provisions shall come into force as of the date of issuance and shall be valid for 5 years. Annex: Declaration Notes of Several Provisions of Guangzhou Municipality on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry Annex: Declaration Notes of Several Provisions of Guangzhou Municipality on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry According to the Provisions of Guangzhou Municipality on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry (Revised) (hereinafter referred to as "Several Provisions"), in order to further standardize the management, it is hereby explained as follows: 1. The biomedical industry mentioned in the Several Provisions and this Guide refers to biomedicine, biomedical engineering, and biomedical engineering in the Implementation Opinions of Guangzhou Municipality on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry. Two, Guangzhou city to promote the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area leading group of biomedical and health industry special group office (located in the municipal development and Reform Commission) under the leadership of the municipal government, co-ordinate the organization and arrangement of all kinds of capital projects stipulated in the "Several Provisions". The competent business departments shall, according to the division of responsibilities, work out the annual capital budget in conjunction with the Municipal Finance Bureau, and organize the project declaration, examination and determination, management and supervision by item. 3. An entity applying for the support of Several Provisions (hereinafter referred to as the undertaking entity) shall meet the following conditions at the same time: it is registered in Guangzhou and pays taxes according to law, and has actual business premises.It has an independent legal person qualification and a standardized financial accounting system, and all business indicators are included in the relevant statistical scope of Guangzhou. Four, the monetary units mentioned in the "Several Provisions" are all calculated in RMB if they are not specified, and the amounts involving "not exceeding", "above" and "highest" all include this number. In principle, the relevant documents such as approval documents and certificates shall be subject to the approval within one year of the declaration time, and the relevant departments shall further clarify them when issuing the declaration guide. Five, the provisions of the policy by the lead department unified acceptance, involving all kinds of incentives, subsidies, subsidies and other funds use and management in accordance with the relevant provisions of the city. In principle, all departments will no longer formulate special policies for biomedicine (except existing policies). The same project, the same matter at the same time in line with the provisions of a number of policies or other municipal support policies, the municipal financial support funds in accordance with the principle of "high non-repetition"; At the same time, in line with the provisions of other support policies in this Municipality’s jurisdiction, you can apply to enjoy the relevant policies of the city and district at the same time, unless otherwise stipulated. Six, the competent department of business in conjunction with the municipal finance department to carry out regular and irregular inspections on the use of funds, to deal with the problems found in the inspection. During the inspection, it is found that the supported projects really cannot use the funds due to subjective and objective reasons, and the undertaking unit shall return the funds according to the original channels. Seven, the business department should establish a fund performance management system, according to the provisions of self-evaluation. The financial department should perform the duties of performance management. The results of performance evaluation should serve as an important basis for the competent business department to arrange funds in the next step, and deal with the problems found in performance evaluation.Eight, the public and relevant departments have the right to supervise the whole process of the use of financial funds, and all business departments and supervision, finance and auditing departments must seriously deal with relevant complaints. The undertaking unit shall accept the performance evaluation, supervision and inspection of the financial and auditing departments on the use and management of financial funds. Nine, the undertaking unit shall submit materials according to the requirements of the reporting guidelines issued by the competent business departments, and promise not to move out of the city within 10 years, not to change the tax obligation in this city, not to reduce the registered capital, not to change the statistical relationship, and to get support after approval; At the same time, we should make a written commitment to the authenticity of all the materials submitted. In the process of reporting and implementing the project, if there is fraud, defrauding financial funds and causing losses, or if the funds are not earmarked according to the regulations, the competent business department will cancel or recover the funds and inform the relevant departments of Guangzhou. All business departments should conduct due diligence review and check the application materials, and simultaneously push the above-mentioned information of dishonesty of the reporting unit to the Guangzhou public credit information management system, which will be included in the enterprise credit file to strengthen enterprise credit management. Ten, to resort to deceit, interception, misappropriation and other acts in violation of national laws and regulations or the relevant financial discipline, will be dealt with in accordance with the "Regulations on Penalties and Punishment of Financial Violations" (the State Council Decree [2005] No.427), and in accordance with the provisions, the allocated funds will be returned. Administrative institutions, enterprises and other personnel suspected of committing crimes shall be handed over to judicial organs for handling according to law.Publicity: voluntary publicity, printed and distributed by the Secretariat of the General Office of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government on February 24, 2020.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 10th

National Emergency Plan for Natural Disaster Relief　　

　　1 General rules

　　1.1 Purpose of compilation

　　Establish and improve the emergency rescue system and operation mechanism to deal with sudden major natural disasters, standardize emergency rescue behavior, improve emergency rescue ability, implement emergency rescue quickly, orderly and efficiently, minimize people’s lives and property losses, and maintain social stability in disaster areas.

　　1.2 Compilation basis

　　According to the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC), People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Welfare Donation Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Flood Control Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Meteorological Law, National Overall Emergency Plan for Public Emergencies, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Disaster Mitigation Plan (1998-2010), the "Three Definitions" provisions of relevant departments in the State Council and relevant national guidelines, policies and principles for disaster relief, this document is formulated.

　　1.3 Scope of application

　　Where floods and droughts, typhoons, hail, snow, sandstorms and other meteorological disasters, volcanoes, earthquakes, geological disasters such as mountain collapses, landslides and mudslides, marine disasters such as storm surges and tsunamis, natural disasters such as forest and grassland fires and major biological disasters, and other public emergencies in China meet the starting conditions, this plan is applicable.

　　1.4 working principles

　　(1) People-oriented, to maximize the protection of people’s lives and property safety.

　　(2) unified leadership of the government, hierarchical management, compartmentalization, block-based.

　　(3) Departments should cooperate closely, cooperate with each other, and perform their duties.

　　(4) Rely on the masses and give full play to the role of grassroots mass autonomous organizations and public welfare social groups.

　　2 start-up conditions

　　In any of the following circumstances, start this plan.

　　2.1 Within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), natural disasters such as floods and droughts, meteorological disasters such as typhoons, hail, snow and sandstorms, geological disasters such as mountain collapses, landslides and mudslides, marine disasters such as storm surges and tsunamis, forest and grassland fires and major biological disasters occur, and one of the following situations occurs during a disaster:

　　More than 30 people died due to the disaster;

　　More than 100,000 people were resettled and resettled due to the disaster;

　　More than 10,000 houses collapsed due to the disaster.

　　2.2 A destructive earthquake of magnitude 5 or above occurred, resulting in the death of more than 20 people or the emergency relocation of more than 100,000 people or the collapse and serious damage of more than 10,000 houses.

　　2.3 Accidents, disasters, public health incidents, social security incidents and other public emergencies have caused a large number of casualties and require emergency relocation or life assistance. This plan will be started as appropriate.

　　2.4 For special circumstances such as areas with particularly weak rescue capacity, the above standards may be lowered as appropriate.

　　2.5 Other matters decided by the State Council.

　　3 organization and command system and responsibilities and tasks

　　The National Disaster Reduction Committee (hereinafter referred to as the "National Disaster Reduction Committee") is the national comprehensive coordination body for natural disaster relief and emergency response, and is responsible for studying and formulating the principles, policies and plans of national disaster reduction work, coordinating major disaster reduction activities, guiding local disaster reduction work, promoting international exchanges and cooperation in disaster reduction, and organizing and coordinating national disaster relief work.

　　The Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief are located in the Ministry of Civil Affairs. The member units of the Disaster Reduction Committee shall undertake corresponding tasks according to their respective division of responsibilities.

　　4 emergency preparedness

　　4.1 Fund preparation

　　The Ministry of Civil Affairs organizes and coordinates the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and other departments to arrange the central disaster relief fund budget according to the provisions of the national development plan and the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China, and urges local governments to increase investment in disaster relief funds according to the principle of graded responsibility for disaster relief work, graded burden of disaster relief funds and locality-oriented.

　　4.1.1 According to the principle of graded responsibility for disaster relief work and graded burden of disaster relief funds, central and local governments at all levels should arrange disaster relief fund budgets.

　　4.1.2 According to the actual expenditure of the previous year, the central finance arranges the extra-large natural disaster relief subsidy funds to help solve the basic living difficulties of people in severely affected areas.

　　4.1.3 The central and local governments should gradually raise the subsidy standards for disaster relief funds according to factors such as financial growth, price changes and the actual living conditions of residents, and establish a natural growth mechanism for disaster relief funds.

　　4.1.4 When the funds in the disaster relief budget are insufficient, the reserve funds arranged by the central and local governments should be mainly used for the life assistance of the victims.

　　4.2 Material preparation

　　Integrate the planning of existing disaster relief materials and warehouses in various departments, and manage the disaster relief materials and warehouses in a hierarchical and classified manner.

　　4.2.1 According to the planning of disaster relief materials reserve, on the basis of perfecting ten central disaster relief materials reserves in Tianjin, Shenyang, Harbin, Hefei, Wuhan, Changsha, Zhengzhou, Nanning, Chengdu and Xi ‘an, the central disaster relief materials reserve will be further established and improved according to the needs. All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government, disaster-prone areas and counties have established and improved material reserves and points. Reserves at all levels should reserve necessary relief materials.

　　4.2.2 Purchase relief tents, clothes and quilts, water purification equipment (medicines) and other relief materials at the beginning of each year.

　　4.2.3 Establish a list of manufacturers of relief materials, and sign an emergency purchase and sale agreement for relief materials when necessary.

　　4.2.4 When the disaster happens, the disaster relief reserve materials of neighboring provinces can be called.

　　4.2.5 Establish and improve the emergency allocation and transportation system of relief materials.

　　4.2.6 Establish and improve the emergency procurement and allocation system for relief materials.

　　4.3 Communication and information preparation

　　Communication operation departments should ensure the smooth flow of disaster information according to law. The natural disaster relief information network should be based on the public communication network, and a special communication network for disaster information should be set up reasonably to ensure the smooth flow of information.

　　4.3.1 Strengthen the construction of disaster information management system at the central level, guide local governments to build and manage disaster relief communication networks covering provincial, prefectural and county levels, and ensure that central and local governments at all levels have timely and accurate information on major natural disasters.

　　4.3.2 Based on the National Disaster Reduction Center, establish an inter-departmental disaster information sharing platform, provide information exchange services, and improve the information sharing mechanism.

　　4.3.3 Give full play to the role of small satellite constellations, meteorological satellites, ocean satellites, resource satellites and other earth monitoring systems for environmental and disaster monitoring and forecasting, and establish disaster monitoring, early warning, assessment and disaster emergency decision-making system based on remote sensing and geographic information system technology.

　　4.4 Preparation of disaster relief equipment

　　4.4.1 All relevant departments of the central government should be equipped with necessary equipment and equipment for disaster relief management.

　　4.4.2 The Ministry of Civil Affairs, the provincial civil affairs departments and the civil affairs bureaus of cities and counties with frequent disasters should be equipped with necessary equipment and equipment for disaster relief.

　　4.5 Preparation of human resources

　　4.5.1 Improve the construction of civil disaster management personnel and improve their ability to cope with natural disasters.

　　4.5.2 Establish and improve the team of experts. Organize experts in civil affairs, health, water conservancy, meteorology, earthquake, ocean, land and resources, etc., focusing on disaster consultation, on-site assessment in disaster areas and business consulting on disaster management.

　　4.5.3 Establish and improve the linkage mechanism with military, public security, armed police, fire fighting, health and other professional rescue teams.

　　4.5.4 Cultivate and develop non-governmental organizations and volunteers, and give full play to their roles.

　　4.6 Social mobilization preparation

　　4.6.1 Establish and improve the mobilization mechanism, operation mechanism, supervision and management mechanism of social donation, and standardize the social donation of sudden natural disasters.

　　4.6.2 Improve the emergency plan for disaster relief donations, and standardize the organization and launch of disaster relief donations, the receipt and distribution of funds and materials, and the publicity and commendation of the society.

　　4.6.3 On the basis of 21,000 social donation receiving stations and points, we will continue to establish social donation receiving stations and points in large and medium-sized cities and small cities with conditions, and improve the regular social donation receiving network.

　　4.6.4 Improve the social donation recognition system to create a good social atmosphere for social donation activities.

　　4.6.5 Improve the counterpart support mechanism for 8 provinces (cities) including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong and Guangdong and 4 cities including Shenzhen, Qingdao, Dalian and Ningbo to 10 provinces (regions) including Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang.

　　4.7 Publicity, training and drills

　　4.7.1 Carry out community disaster reduction activities, use various media to publicize disaster knowledge, publicize disaster emergency laws and regulations and common sense of prevention, hedging, disaster avoidance, self-help, mutual rescue and insurance, and enhance people’s awareness of disaster prevention and reduction.

　　4.7.2 Organize training for provincial disaster management personnel at least twice a year. Organize at least one centralized training for disaster management personnel at the prefecture level every two years. Provincial or prefecture-level civil affairs departments organize business training for county-level and township civil affairs assistants at least once a year. Training for government leaders in charge, various professional emergency rescue teams, non-governmental organizations and volunteer organizations is carried out irregularly.

　　4.7.3 Organize 1-2 drills every year in disaster-prone areas according to the characteristics of disasters to test and improve emergency preparedness, command and response capabilities.

　　5 Early warning and information management

　　5.1 Disaster early warning and forecasting

　　5.1.1 According to the disaster early warning and forecasting information provided by the relevant departments, combined with the database of natural conditions, population and socio-economic background in the early warning area, make an analysis and evaluation, and make disaster early warning for the relevant areas and population that may be threatened by natural disasters in time.

　　5.1.2 According to the disaster warning, natural disasters may cause serious casualties and property losses, and a large number of people need emergency relocation or life assistance. The state and relevant provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should make emergency preparations or take emergency measures.

　　5.2 Disaster information sharing

　　The Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief timely summarize all kinds of disaster early warning and forecasting information, and inform the member units and relevant places of the information.

　　5.3 Disaster information management

　　5.3.1 Contents of disaster information report: including the time, place and background of the disaster, losses caused by the disaster (including personnel affected, number of casualties, crops affected, houses collapsed and damaged, and direct economic losses caused), disaster relief measures taken and the needs of the disaster area.

　　5.3.2 Reporting Time of Disaster Information

　　(1) Preliminary report of the disaster. The civil affairs departments at the county level should know the disaster situation at the first time and report the preliminary situation to the civil affairs departments at the prefecture (city) level in a timely manner, no later than 2 hours after the disaster. Major disasters that cause death (including missing) of more than 10 people or other serious losses shall be reported to the provincial civil affairs department and the Ministry of Civil Affairs at the same time. The civil affairs departments at the prefecture (city) level shall, after receiving the county-level report, complete the work of reviewing and summarizing the disaster data within 2 hours and report to the provincial civil affairs departments. After receiving the report at the prefecture (city) level, the provincial civil affairs department shall complete the work of reviewing and summarizing the disaster data within 2 hours and report to the Ministry of Civil Affairs. The Ministry of Civil Affairs shall report to the State Council within 2 hours after receiving the report of serious and extraordinarily serious disasters.

　　(2) The disaster continues to be reported. Before the major natural disasters are stabilized, the civil affairs departments at the provincial, prefecture (city) and county levels shall implement the 24-hour zero reporting system. County-level civil affairs departments will report the disaster up to 24: 00 the day before 9: 00 every day to local (city) civil affairs departments, which will report to provincial civil affairs departments before 10: 00 every day, and provincial civil affairs departments will report to the Ministry of Civil Affairs before 12: 00 every day. Extraordinary disasters should be reported at any time as needed.

　　(3) Disaster report. The civil affairs department at the county level shall, after the disaster situation is stable, verify the disaster situation within 2 working days and report to the civil affairs department at the prefecture (city) level. The civil affairs departments at the prefecture (city) level shall, after receiving the county-level report, review and summarize the disaster data within 3 working days, and report the summary data of the whole prefecture (city) (including the disaster data of counties) to the provincial civil affairs departments. After receiving the report at the prefecture (city) level, the provincial civil affairs department shall review and summarize the disaster data within 5 working days, and report the summary data of the whole province (including the data of cities and counties) to the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

　　5.3.3 Verification of disaster situation

　　(1) The department will consult and approve. Civil affairs departments at all levels coordinate agriculture, water conservancy, land and resources, earthquake, meteorology, statistics and other departments to conduct comprehensive analysis and consultation, and verify the disaster situation.

　　(2) Civil affairs, earthquake and other relevant departments organize expert evaluation teams to conduct expert evaluation on the disaster situation through comprehensive investigation, sampling investigation, typical investigation and special investigation to verify the disaster situation.

　　6 emergency response

　　In accordance with the principle of "combining all sectors and giving priority to all sectors", local governments are given priority to disaster relief. After the disaster, the people’s governments at the township, county, prefecture and provincial levels and relevant departments should, according to the disaster situation, start the emergency plans of relevant levels and departments, do a good job in emergency resettlement and living arrangements for victims, do a good job in disaster relief, do a good job in disaster monitoring, disaster investigation, evaluation and reporting, and minimize the loss of people’s lives and property. According to the degree of harm of sudden natural disasters and other factors, the state sets four response levels.

　　6.1 Class I response

　　6.1.1 Disaster losses

　　(1) Within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), particularly serious natural disasters such as floods and droughts, typhoons, hail, snow, sandstorms, mountain collapses, landslides, mudslides, storm surges, tsunamis, forest and grassland fires and biological disasters occur.

　　(2) Accidents, disasters, public health incidents, social security incidents and other public emergencies have caused a large number of casualties and require emergency relocation or life assistance. This plan will be started as appropriate.

　　(3) For special circumstances such as areas with particularly weak rescue capacity, the starting standard may be lowered as appropriate.

　　(4) Other matters decided by the State Council.

　　6.1.2 Startup procedure

　　After receiving the disaster report, the Disaster Reduction Committee immediately put forward a proposal to the State Council to start the first-level response, and the State Council decided to enter the first-level response.

　　6.1.3 Emergency response

　　The director of the Disaster Reduction Committee shall lead and organize disaster relief work in a unified way.

　　The Ministry of Civil Affairs shall report to the State Council and the director of the Disaster Reduction Committee within 2 hours after receiving the disaster information, and then report the relevant information in a timely manner. Within 24 hours after the disaster, the Ministry of Finance shall allocate the central emergency funds for disaster relief, and coordinate the railway, transportation, civil aviation and other departments to dispatch emergency relief materials; Organize national disaster relief donation activities, and uniformly receive, manage and distribute international disaster relief donations; Coordinate and implement the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on disaster relief.

　　6.1.4 Termination of response

　　After the disaster situation and disaster relief work are stable, the director of the Disaster Reduction Committee decides to terminate the first-level response.

　　6. 2 Level Ⅱ response

　　6.2.1 Disaster losses

　　(1) within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), major natural disasters such as floods and droughts, typhoons, hail, snow, sandstorms, mountain collapses, landslides, mudslides, storm surges, tsunamis, forest and grassland fires and biological disasters occur.

　　(2) Accidents, disasters, public health incidents, social security incidents and other public emergencies have caused a large number of casualties and require emergency relocation or life assistance. This plan will be started as appropriate.

　　(3) For special circumstances such as areas with particularly weak rescue capacity, the starting standard may be lowered as appropriate.

　　(4) Other matters decided by the State Council.

　　6.2.2 Startup procedure

　　The Secretary-General of the Disaster Reduction Committee (Deputy Minister of Civil Affairs) put forward a proposal to the Deputy Director of the Disaster Reduction Committee (Minister of Civil Affairs) at the first time after receiving the disaster report, and the Deputy Director of the Disaster Reduction Committee decided to enter the Level II response.

　　6.2.3 Response measures

　　The deputy director of the Disaster Reduction Committee shall organize and coordinate the disaster relief work.

　　The Ministry of Civil Affairs set up emergency headquarters for disaster relief, and implemented joint office, and formed disaster relief working groups such as emergency rescue (comprehensive) group, disaster information group, disaster relief donation group, publicity report group and logistics support group to organize and carry out disaster relief work in a unified way.

　　Within 24 hours after the disaster occurred, a joint working group on disaster relief was dispatched to the disaster area to express condolences to the victims, verify the disaster situation, understand the relief work, understand the relief capacity of the disaster-stricken government and the needs of the disaster-stricken areas, guide local governments to carry out disaster relief work, and urgently allocate relief funds and materials.

　　Timely grasp the disaster situation and compile the dynamic information of disaster relief work, and publish it on the website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

　　Announce the acceptance of disaster relief donations to the society, and organize cross-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) or national disaster relief donation activities.

　　With the approval of the State Council, an appeal for disaster relief assistance was issued to the international community.

　　Announce the recipient units and account numbers, set up a hotline for disaster relief donations, and take the initiative to accept disaster relief donations from all walks of life; Announce the disaster situation and the needs of the disaster area to the public every day; Timely allocation of donations, to adjust the national disaster relief donations; Regularly announce the receipt and use of disaster relief donations to the public.

　　6.2.4 Termination of response

　　After the disaster situation and relief work are stable, the deputy director of the Disaster Reduction Committee decides to terminate the level II response.

　　6.3 Class III response

　　6.3.1 Disaster losses

　　(1) Within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), major natural disasters such as floods and droughts, typhoons, hail, snow, sandstorms, mountain collapses, landslides, mudslides, storm surges, tsunamis, forest and grassland fires and biological disasters occur.

　　(2) Accidents, disasters, public health incidents, social security incidents and other public emergencies have caused a large number of casualties and require emergency relocation or life assistance. This plan will be started as appropriate.

　　(3) For special circumstances such as "old, little, border and poor" areas with particularly weak rescue ability, the starting standard may be lowered as appropriate.

　　(4) Other matters decided by the State Council.

　　6.3.2 Startup procedure

　　After receiving the disaster report, the office of the Disaster Reduction Committee put forward a proposal to the Secretary-General of the Disaster Reduction Committee (Deputy Minister of Civil Affairs) to start the level III response, and the Secretary-General of the Disaster Reduction Committee decided to enter the level III response.

　　6.3.3 Response measures

　　The Secretary General of the Disaster Reduction Committee shall organize and coordinate the disaster relief work.

　　The Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief timely contact with relevant member units to communicate disaster information; Organize meetings and chambers of commerce, analyze the situation in disaster areas, and study and implement disaster relief support measures for disaster areas; Organize relevant departments to listen to the reports of relevant provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities); Coordinate relevant departments to send a joint working group to the disaster area.

　　Within 24 hours after the disaster, the working group of the Ministry of Civil Affairs will be dispatched to the disaster area to express condolences to the victims, verify the disaster situation, understand the relief work, understand the relief capacity of the disaster-stricken government and the needs of the disaster-stricken areas, and guide the local authorities to carry out relief work.

　　When the disaster losses are large, within 48 hours after the disaster occurs, coordinate the relevant departments to form a national comprehensive coordination working group for disaster relief to go to the disaster area and timely allocate relief funds and materials.

　　Grasp the dynamic information of disaster situation and disaster relief work, and publish it on the website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

　　6.3.4 Termination of response

　　After the disaster situation and relief work are stable, the Secretary-General of the Disaster Reduction Committee decides to terminate the Level III response and report to the Deputy Director of the Disaster Reduction Committee.

　　6.4 Class IV response

　　6.4.1 Disaster losses

　　(1) Within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), there are general natural disasters such as floods and droughts, typhoons, hail, snow, sandstorms, mountain collapses, landslides, mudslides, storm surges, tsunamis, forest and grassland fires and biological disasters.

　　(2) Accidents, disasters, public health incidents, social security incidents and other public emergencies have caused a large number of casualties and require emergency relocation or life assistance. This plan will be started as appropriate.

　　(3) For special circumstances such as "old, little, border and poor" areas with particularly weak rescue ability, the starting standard may be lowered as appropriate.

　　(4) Other matters decided by the State Council.

　　6.4.2 Startup procedure

　　The office of the Disaster Reduction Committee decided to enter the level IV response as soon as it received the disaster report.

　　6.4.3 Response measures

　　The director of the Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief shall organize and coordinate the disaster relief work. The Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief timely contact with relevant member units to communicate disaster information; To consult relevant departments to implement disaster relief support for disaster areas; Send a working group to the disaster area as appropriate.

　　Within 24 hours after the disaster, send a working group of the Ministry of Civil Affairs to the disaster area to express condolences to the victims, verify the disaster situation, understand the relief work, understand the relief capacity of the disaster-stricken government and the needs of the disaster-stricken areas, guide local relief work, and allocate relief funds and materials.

　　Grasp the dynamic information of the disaster situation and publish it on the website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

　　6.4.4 Termination of response

　　After the disaster situation and relief work are stable, the director of the Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief decides to terminate the level IV response and report it to the Secretary General of the Disaster Reduction Committee.

　　6.5 information release

　　6.5.1 Information release shall adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts, being timely and accurate. It is necessary to release brief information to the society at the first time, and do a good job in subsequent information release according to the development of the disaster.

　　6.5.2 The contents of information release mainly include: the basic situation of disaster, the dynamics and effects of disaster relief, the next arrangement and the problems to be explained.

　　7 Post-disaster relief and recovery and reconstruction

　　7.1 post-disaster relief

　　7.1.1 County-level civil affairs departments investigate the living difficulties of victims in winter (spring famine) every year, and establish a ledger of the population in need of government relief.

　　7.1.2 The Ministry of Civil Affairs, in conjunction with the provincial civil affairs departments, organized relevant experts to go to the disaster-stricken areas to assess the living difficulties of the victims and verify the situation.

　　7.1.3 Formulate the winter (spring shortage) relief work plan.

　　7.1.4 According to the request of the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for funds from the State Council, combined with the situation of disaster assessment, the Ministry of Finance will allocate extra-large natural disaster relief subsidies to help solve the basic living difficulties of victims in winter and spring, such as eating and dressing.

　　7.1.5 The management system of Disaster Relief Card shall be fully implemented for disaster relief. For the victims who need government relief, the civil affairs departments at the county level will issue the "Disaster Relief Card" uniformly, and the victims will receive relief food and relief funds with the card.

　　7.1.6 Inform the society about the allocation progress of disaster relief funds in various places, and ensure that winter relief funds are distributed to households before the Spring Festival.

　　7.1.7 For the people who are short of food and have the ability to repay but have no money to buy food for the time being, open a warehouse to borrow food.

　　7.1.8 Solve the problem of winter clothes and quilts for victims through social donation, counterpart support and emergency procurement.

　　7.1.9 The development and reform, finance, agriculture and other departments shall implement the work-for-relief policy, and the disaster relief, and the grain department shall ensure the food supply.

　　7.2 Restoration and reconstruction

　　Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction work adheres to the disaster relief policy of "relying on the masses, relying on the collective, self-help in production, mutual assistance and mutual aid, supplemented by the necessary relief and support of the state". The county (city, district) shall be responsible for organizing the implementation of the reconstruction of the houses of the victims, taking the combination of self-construction, aid construction and assistance construction, with the self-construction of the affected households as the mainstay. Housing funds should be solved through government relief, social mutual assistance, neighborhood help workers to help materials, work as relief, self-lending, preferential policies and other ways. Housing planning and design should be based on local conditions, rational layout, scientific planning and full consideration of disaster factors.

　　7.2.1 Organize to verify the disaster situation. After the disaster is stable, the county-level civil affairs department immediately organizes the disaster to be approved and establishes a ledger of houses collapsed due to the disaster. The provincial civil affairs department shall report the disaster losses of collapsed houses and other disasters in the province to the Ministry of Civil Affairs within 10 days after the disaster is stabilized.

　　7.2.2 Carry out disaster assessment. After a major disaster, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, together with the provincial civil affairs departments, organized relevant experts to go to the disaster area to carry out disaster assessment and comprehensively verify the disaster situation.

　　7.2.3 Formulate the recovery and reconstruction work plan. According to the national disaster situation and local conditions, work plans for restoration and reconstruction, such as guidelines, objectives, policies, reconstruction progress, financial support, preferential policies and inspection and implementation, are formulated.

　　7.2.4 According to the request of the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for funds from the State Council, combined with the situation of disaster assessment, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Finance allocate relief subsidies for extraordinarily serious natural disasters to be used exclusively for the restoration and reconstruction of the houses of victims in various places.

　　7.2.5 Regularly inform the society about the progress of allocating disaster relief funds and the progress of recovery and reconstruction.

　　7.2.6 Send an inspection team to the disaster area to inspect and supervise the restoration and reconstruction work.

　　7.2.7 Negotiate with relevant departments to formulate preferential policies, simplify procedures, reduce taxes and fees, and stabilize prices.

　　7.2.8 The health department shall do a good job in post-disaster disease prevention and epidemic monitoring. Organize medical and health personnel to go deep into the disaster area, provide medical and health services, publicize health and disease prevention knowledge, guide the masses to do a good job in environmental sanitation, and implement supervision over drinking water and food hygiene to achieve no major epidemic after the disaster.

　　7.2.9 The departments of development and reform, education, finance, construction, transportation, water conservancy, agriculture, health, radio and television, as well as enterprises and financial institutions such as electric power and communication, shall make arrangements for disaster relief funds (materials), and organize the restoration and reconstruction of public welfare facilities such as schools and hospitals in disaster areas and water conservancy, electric power, transportation, communication, water supply and drainage, radio and television facilities.

　　8 supplementary provisions

　　8.1 Interpretation of Terminology

　　Natural disasters: refer to natural phenomena that endanger human survival or damage human living environment, including floods and droughts, meteorological disasters such as typhoons, hail, snow and sandstorms, volcanic and earthquake disasters, geological disasters such as mountain collapses, landslides and mudslides, marine disasters such as storm surges and tsunamis, and natural disasters such as forest and grassland fires and major biological disasters.

　　Disaster situation: refers to the losses caused by natural disasters, including casualties and property losses.

　　Disaster pre-warning: It refers to the analysis, evaluation and early warning of the loss of areas and population that may be affected by disasters according to the disaster pre-warning and forecast information of meteorological, hydrological, marine, earthquake and land departments, combined with the database of population, nature and socio-economic background.

　　Small Satellite Constellation for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting: In order to meet the needs of China’s environment and disaster monitoring, in February 2003, the State Council officially approved the project of "Small Satellite Constellation for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting". According to the national plan, the small satellite constellation system is planned to adopt a step-by-step implementation strategy: during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the "2+1" scheme is adopted, that is, two optical small satellites and one synthetic aperture radar small satellite are launched to initially realize the ability to monitor disasters and the environment; During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the "4+4" plan was implemented, that is, a constellation consisting of four optical satellites and four synthetic aperture radar satellites was launched to realize the dynamic monitoring of disasters and environment in China and neighboring countries and regions.

　　In the expression of relevant quantities in this plan, "above" includes the number, and "below" does not include the number.

　　8.2 International communication and cooperation

　　In accordance with the relevant provisions of the national foreign affairs discipline, actively carry out international natural disaster relief exchanges, learn from the experience of natural disaster relief in developed countries, and further improve the prevention and disposal of natural disaster emergencies in China.

　　8.3 rewards and responsibilities

　　Advanced collectives and individuals who have made outstanding contributions in natural disaster relief work shall be jointly commended by the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Civil Affairs; To ratify the martyrs in accordance with the relevant provisions for those who died heroically in natural disaster relief work; Those who neglect their duties in natural disaster relief work and cause losses shall be investigated for their responsibilities in accordance with relevant state laws and regulations, and those who constitute a crime shall be investigated for their criminal responsibilities according to law.

　　8.4 Plan Management and Update

　　This plan is managed by the Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief. After the implementation of the plan, the Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief shall timely convene relevant departments and experts to make an assessment, and make corresponding changes according to the situation and report to the State Council. All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall formulate emergency plans for natural disaster relief in their own provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) according to this plan.

　　8.5 Effective time of the plan

　　This plan shall take effect as of the date of issuance.

[Magnificent 70 years of struggle, one of the new era.Power jackIf the column is opened]

In the endless history, perhaps no country has ever undergone great changes in such a short time like New China. Once upon a time, the backbone of this big country was bent; Now, China has already strutted towards the center of the world stage.

Looking up at the starry sky, the "starry sky" belonging to China shines; Exploring the ocean, the domestic aircraft carrier set sail in the blue waves; Across the rivers and the earth, from the Three Gorges Project, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge to the extension of high-speed rail and the improvement of highway network, century-old projects have continuously presented China to the world. China, relying on its own strength, has solved the problem of feeding nearly 1.4 billion people, with abundant grain and stable agriculture, prosperous times and peace; We also rely on the tenacity of "unyielding" to open up new space in the field of "high precision". Breakthroughs such as the high-speed particle collider, quantum satellite and "Eye of the Sky" have won China the right to speak to the world.

"A big country must be in its own hands." The forceful words of the Supreme Leader General Secretary are inspiring. Behind these, in addition to relying on countless people to "work hard for this, change the hair into a white head"; It needs the support and persistence of roads and systems with China characteristics.

On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China, we launched a series of reports on "Magnificent 70 Years Struggle for Great Powers and Heavyweights in the New Era", approached the participants and witnesses of these "heavyweights", listened to the stories and details of "Great Powers and Heavyweights" together, and reviewed the 70 years we have gone through together.

[Introduction]

Once upon a time, space was lonely. Looking up, there were only the twinkling stars and a crescent moon, but the longing was out of reach. For thousands of years, both the "the Goddess Chang’e flying to the moon" and the "Flying" in Dunhuang murals all represent Chinese’s yearning for exploring the universe.

Time flies. Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, from the breakthrough of "two bombs and one satellite" to Chinese astronauts roaming in space, from Beidou navigation to Chinese’s own global navigation and positioning system to "Chang ‘e" and "Jade Rabbit" to Wan Li’s lunar exploration, from the observation of cosmic rays by "Eye of the Sky" and "Wukong" to the application of "Fengyun" and "High Score" … China’s pace towards space is steady and firm, and the once cold and lonely space is increasingly lively.

Tears caused by "military salute"

At 8: 59 on October 15th, 2003, astronaut Yang Liwei sat quietly in the manned spaceship Shenzhou 5, waiting for the upcoming launch.

10, 9, 8, 7, 6 … When counting down to the last 5 seconds, he suddenly gave a solemn military salute to the camera … On the other side of the screen, in the ground command and control center, Li Hong instantly wet his eyes with tears.

"This salute is the solemn commitment of China’s first astronaut to the motherland and people; At the same time, it is also his affirmation to us-he believes that taking the rockets and spaceships developed by Chinese himself can completely guarantee his safety and ensure his safe return. "

Nearly 16 years later, recalling the scene at that time, Li Hong was still a little excited. This "tough guy" with a technical background and a height of more than 1.8 meters rarely shows his feelings, but at this time he choked. "At that moment, as an astronaut, I was particularly proud."

He clearly remembers that it took 580 seconds from rocket ignition to entering space orbit. "We counted one second at a time with tears in our eyes and watched him go into space. From that time on, everyone got into a habit: you can clearly describe the posture of the rocket every second, and what a beautiful curve the trajectory draws … "

When Yang Liwei returned to the ground after completing the flight mission, the first sentence he saw Li Hong was: "Thank you, I am a hero because of you!"

History will remember that moment when China’s first visitor arrived in the vast space, and China became the third country in the world to independently carry out manned space activities.

Looking back on this journey, Yang Liwei once wrote in his autobiography "Nine Heavens of Heaven and Earth": Seeing the earth from space is too beautiful to imagine. Not only visually, but also mentally. "Although I am flying alone, I am not flying alone, but I represent all Chinese. Everything I have seen proves the success of China’s space technology. At that moment, how sacred the Chinese nation was in my heart and had a great love for the country and the nation. "

"One minute on stage, ten years off stage"

If it is said that every time a rocket is successfully launched and a spacecraft completes its mission, it is the "highlight moment" of China’s space flight, but what makes these "moments" is the result of countless people focusing on their ordinary posts for decades.

Especially in the eyes of "experts" like Li Hong, China has made breakthroughs in the space field one after another in recent years, which is the most direct embodiment of "one minute on stage and ten years off stage".

There is a jargon in the aerospace industry: "The space stage is as big as the capability of the launch vehicle."

The first project that Li Hong participated in the design was the Long March II bundled rocket (referred to as "Chang Er Bundle"). The public may not be familiar with this model, but its successful development in 1990 increased the carrying capacity of China’s rockets from about 2 tons to more than 9 tons, which means that China has been able to carry spaceships since then. This directly affected the decision of the central government to implement the "manned spaceflight project" in 1992.

The successful development of "Chang Er Bundle" also created a miracle-scientists and technicians completed the rocket development and achieved the first flight success within 18 months.

You know, it was at a special stage-"it was better to make missiles than to sell tea eggs." In order to make up for the lack of scientific research funds, scientists and technicians at that time had to "show their abilities": those who engaged in structural design designed marble products; Those who engage in electricity may have made electric fans … However, with the spirit of "working hard even if you are poor", the successful development of "Chang Er Bundle" has become the "cornerstone" for China Aerospace to enter the international launch service market.

As the task becomes more and more complicated, it is often "grinding an arrow in ten years."

Take the Long March V carrier rocket ("Fat Five") as an example. It is the main rocket with the largest carrying capacity in China and will undertake the space station launch mission in the future.

According to Li Hong, "Fat Five" was established in 2006 and made its first flight in 2016. However, the "Fat Five" engine started pre-research in 1986, and it is still doing the work of improving its reliability.

"If you calculate by working years, only one engine has experienced two or three generations of scientific and technological teams in more than 30 years. Most people are unknown, but they have been advancing the progress and maturity of technology day and night. "

In 2003, at the conference to celebrate the complete success of China’s first manned space flight, the spirit of manned space flight was summarized as "especially able to endure hardships, especially able to fight, especially able to tackle key problems, and especially able to contribute".

"These words seem simple and simple, but they are indeed the foundation that supports China’s brilliant achievements in aerospace." Speaking of this, Li Hong was deeply moved. "We are fortunate to participate in such a major national project. Looking back, we are all surprised. Everyone just focuses on their jobs and works hard, which may be why they have created extraordinary achievements. "

"Contradiction" with "Big Man"

Recalling the most valuable achievements of the manned spaceflight project, Academician Qi Faren, member of the ninth, tenth and eleventh Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and the first chief designer of shenzhou spaceship, believes that it is through the project that "a group of young, talented and well-organized scientific and technological teams have been created, representing the hope of the aerospace future."

And this is also the most surprising and envious of international counterparts. According to statistics, most of Russia’s current space science and technology personnel are over 60 years old; The United States is also in its 50 s on average; The average age of the backbone of China’s space team is less than 35 years old.

In Li Hong’s view, "using young talents boldly and letting go" is one of the important experiences of many achievements in aerospace in recent years, and it is also the result of the constant words and deeds of the older generation of astronauts.

He still remembers a "confrontation" with a "big shot".

At that time, Li Honggang joined the work soon. At a meeting, he and his colleagues discussed the measurement data of the control system platform with Academician Ren Xinmin, one of China’s "four aerospace veterans" and winner of the "two bombs and one satellite" meritorious medal. As soon as Ren Lao, who was over 70 years old at that time, finished speaking, Li Hong immediately took over and said, "Ren Lao, what you said is wrong. I think the measurement data should be … "

"Everyone present at that time was stupid. How dare a’ young man’ in his twenties directly question the boss?" Looking back on this scene many years later, Li Hong’s eyes were bright and his mouth was smiling. "I had that reaction because we have this atmosphere in space: the older generation of astronauts will encourage you to tell the truth and do practical things in various ways; They sincerely hope that everyone will contribute to the cause together. "

Li Hong also told reporters that he was in charge of quality management at the Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, and there was a period when quality incidents were high. Liu Jiyuan, then the former general manager of China Aerospace Industry Corporation, went to the research and development site for relevant inspection almost every week, and asked that the written report submitted by the institute should not contain a typo or any unclear problems.

"I didn’t understand it at first and thought it was unnecessary to entangle these details. He told me that these documents should be filed for future generations to check. If you can’t understand a question, you are irresponsible to history, because this is the result of how many people get together without day or night. "

It is under the subtle influence of the older generation of astronauts that "strictness, prudence, delicacy and practicality" have been integrated into the blood of their generation of astronauts; And they are also trying to pass on these thinking methods to the next generation of young people.

Shipping goods and "transporting people" are very different.

Summarizing the experience of continuous breakthroughs in manned spaceflight projects, Li Hong believes that apart from the astronauts’ own efforts, it is closely related to the improvement of the country’s comprehensive strength and the progress of various scientific and technological levels.

Li Hong remembers that after Yang Liwei returned from the flight, he reflected that he was very uncomfortable for more than 20 seconds during the rocket ascent. By analyzing the flight data, the researchers found that this was because the rocket and the spacecraft had a resonance of 8 Hz. The human body is very sensitive to this low-frequency vibration, which is even more unbearable when superimposed on a load of about 6G.

"In fact, this problem has existed since the development of rockets, but in the past, rockets were’ freight’ and were limited by some simulation technologies and experimental facilities. We did not pay attention to this."

In order to solve the problem of low-frequency vibration, the aerospace system has gathered the strength of all aspects of the country, and it took more than two years to jointly tackle the problem, realizing the whole process from theoretical analysis to single machine performance improvement to the whole system optimization, and raising the reliability and safety indicators of aircraft to a higher order of magnitude. Astronauts who re-enter space will not feel the impact of vibration.

Li Hong told reporters that about half of the funds for manned space flight were invested in the sky that year, but the other half became accumulation, which laid the foundation for China’s later deep space exploration and at the same time fully promoted the measurement and control technology.

Nowadays, from the communication satellites that rely on watching TV to the navigation systems used when going out; From the monitoring of meteorology, ocean and geology, to emergency rescue and environmental protection, and even to aerospace biological raw materials and aerospace breeding, aerospace technology has been deeply integrated into many fields of economy and society.

"It’s more urgent to wander in the middle of the boat, and it’s steeper for people to reach the middle of the mountain." Standing at the node of the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China, it is a sacred mission for this generation of astronauts to take the "Long March in the New Era".

In the interview, Li Hong emphasized many times that space exploration has always been accompanied by great challenges and risks. He pointed out that although the success rate of China’s launch vehicle is leading in the world at present, the analysis of flight data shows that there is a moment of almost failure in success and a chance of almost success in failure, which can be described as "a line between success and failure." It has always been the constant pursuit of astronauts to be "foolproof and always successful".

How to achieve this goal? China astronauts gave a passionate answer-"success as a belief". Li Hong explained, "It is necessary to go through hardships and setbacks, do a good job in inheriting excellent spiritual culture, master scientific methods, and cultivate a talent team with superb skills and excellent style."

He is full of confidence in the future. "Astronauts in the new era have the ability to overcome all the risk challenges on the way forward. We will live up to the ardent expectations of the CPC Central Committee and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, cherish the dream of becoming a space power, strengthen our mission, strengthen technological innovation and practical creation, and constantly refresh the height of China entering space. "

Those first times

On July 26th, 1954, the first batch of aircraft made by China were successfully tested.

At 15: 00 on October 16th, 1964, China’s first atomic bomb exploded successfully, making China the fifth country with an atomic bomb.

On June 17th, 1967, China’s first hydrogen bomb exploded successfully.

On April 24th, 1970, China successfully launched the man-made earth satellite "Dongfanghong-1" for the first time, becoming the third country in the world to independently develop and launch satellites, and the prelude of China’s space activities began.

On November 20th, 1999, China launched the first unmanned spaceship "Shenzhou I".

At 9: 00 on October 15th, 2003, China launched its first manned spaceship, and the Shenzhou V spacecraft sent astronaut Yang Liwei into space. This marks that China has become the third country to send a man into space after the Soviet Union (Russian Federation) and the United States.

On October 24th, 2007, China launched the first moon-orbiting satellite-Chang ‘e-1.

On September 27th, 2008, China astronauts completed their first spacewalk. China became the third country in the world to master the technology of space extravehicular activities.

On September 29th, 2011, China launched its first target aircraft-Tiangong-1.

On June 18th, 2012, China completed the rendezvous and docking of manned space for the first time, and Shenzhou-9 successfully docked with Tiangong-1, which laid the foundation for the establishment of a space station in China.

On December 2, 2013, China launched the lunar rover "Yutu" for the first time, which was China’s first footprint on the moon.

On December 17, 2015, China successfully launched the world’s first dark matter particle detection satellite "Wukong".

On August 16, 2016, China successfully launched the world’s first quantum science experimental satellite "Mozi".

　　Which life insurance company sells the most electricity? What products sell best in Internet channels? Recently, insurance association of china’s "Analysis Report on Business Data of Electricity Sales Industry in the First Half of 2017" and "Report on Basic Situation of Property Insurance Network and Electricity Sales Market in the First Half of 2017" tell us that among life insurance companies, Ping An Life Insurance Company of China accounts for half of the country; In the internet channel of property insurance companies, accidental health insurance is the most popular among consumers in non-auto insurance business.

　　Life insurance sales in Ping An Life Insurance Company of China accounted for 47%.

　　From January to June, the annual premium of life insurance sales channels reached 10.7 billion yuan, an increase of 26% over the same period last year.

　　This 10.7 billion yuan premium income comes from 29 life insurance companies, including 18 Chinese companies and 11 foreign companies. Overall, Chinese-funded life insurance companies accounted for 79% of the market with a premium of 8.5 billion yuan. The premium income of Ping An Life Insurance Company of China, Taikang Life Insurance, Metropolitan Life Insurance, China Merchants Cigna and Sunshine Life Insurance are 5.04 billion yuan, 900 million yuan, 850 million yuan, 850 million yuan and 660 million yuan respectively, accounting for 77% of the premium income of life insurance telemarketing channels, while Ping An’s market share is as high as 47%, and the whole market is highly concentrated.

　　In the channel of life insurance telemarketing, accident insurance is the best seller, with a premium of 3.7 billion yuan in the first half of the year, accounting for 35% of life insurance telemarketing premium income; Life insurance premium is 3.1 billion yuan, accounting for 29%; Health insurance premium is 2.2 billion yuan, accounting for 21%; Annuity insurance realized a premium of 1.6 billion yuan, accounting for 15%. Although the proportion of annuity insurance is not high, the growth rate is as high as 274% year-on-year. It can be seen that people’s demand for old-age care is strong.

　　By the end of June, the sales manpower of life insurance telemarketing channels reached 71,000, an increase of 11% over the same period of last year. With the increase in manpower, the per capita production capacity has also increased, reaching 25,000 yuan from January to June, a year-on-year increase of 7.7%.

　　Among the 29 life insurance companies that carry out telemarketing business, 11 have a monthly per capita production capacity of 10,000 to 20,000 yuan, accounting for 38%; China Merchants Cigna, Everbright Yongming, Huaxia Life Insurance, Fude Life Insurance, Sino-Italian Life Insurance and ruitai Life Insurance have a monthly per capita production capacity exceeding the industry average, reaching more than 30,000 yuan.

　　Property insurance, electricity sales and auto insurance premiums accounted for 97.54%.

　　In the first six months of this year, the premium income of the electricity sales channel of property insurance companies was 49.974 billion yuan, accounting for 9.47% of the original premium income of property insurance companies, up 5.00% year-on-year, and the overall development was stable. In June, the income from telephone sales of auto insurance premiums was 7.388 billion yuan, of which Ping An Property Insurance was 3.728 billion yuan, up 19.50 year-on-year.

　　The data shows that from January to June, the auto insurance premium income of the sales channel of property insurance companies was 48.745 billion yuan, up 4.63% year-on-year, accounting for 97.54% of the premium income of the sales channel. This data has remained between 97% and 98% for 12 consecutive months. It can be said that the balanced growth of auto insurance premium income ensures the overall development of the electricity sales business.

　　Among the insurance premium income of auto insurance telemarketing channels, the insurance premium of auto insurance inbound business is 4.74 billion yuan, accounting for 9.72%; Auto insurance outbound business was 44.005 billion yuan, accounting for 90.28%, up 7.65 percentage points year-on-year.

　　In the telemarketing channel, non-auto insurance business accounted for only 2.46%, and the premium income in the first six months was 1.229 billion yuan, up 21.85% year-on-year.

　　The proportion of non-auto insurance business in online sales of property insurance rose to 34.25%.

　　Different from the steady development of electricity sales channels, the Internet channels of property insurance companies continued the overall downward trend in 2016. From January to June, the premium income of Internet channels of property insurance companies was 23.775 billion yuan, accounting for 4.51% of the original premium income of 527.586 billion yuan, with a year-on-year negative growth of 20.01%.

　　From the perspective of platforms, third-party platforms are the main contributors to the premium income of Internet channels. In the first half of the year, the premium income realized through the company’s PC official website was 4.393 billion yuan, accounting for 18.48%, a year-on-year decrease of 50.73 percentage points. Through mobile terminals (APP, WAP and WeChat, etc.), the premium income was 8.103 billion yuan, up 123.87% year-on-year, accounting for 34.08%, up 21.90 percentage points year-on-year. Among them, mobile APP is 6.213 billion yuan, official website mobile WAP is 568 million yuan, and WeChat platform is 1.323 billion yuan. Through the third-party platform (including professional intermediaries), the accumulated premium income was 10.512 billion yuan, up 102.26% year-on-year, and the business accounted for 44.22%, up 26.73 percentage points year-on-year.

　　From the business point of view, the auto insurance premium income was 15.631 billion yuan, with a negative growth of 38.82% year-on-year, basically maintaining at about 2.5 billion yuan per month, with no significant ups and downs. This is also the reason why the internet channels of property insurance companies continue to be sluggish. Since the reform of commercial auto insurance rate was officially implemented in the whole country in June 2016, the advantage of auto insurance premium income in the Internet channel has been impacted, and the premium in that month has dropped sharply. From the perspective of the whole year, the premium income of Internet auto insurance business in 2016 was 39.894 billion yuan, down 44.29% year-on-year. At present, the proportion of auto insurance business in the overall online sales business has been declining, accounting for 65.75% from January to June, down 20.22 percentage points year-on-year.

　　On the other hand, online sales of non-auto insurance business increased by 20.22 percentage points year-on-year, accounting for 34.25% of Internet channel premiums. Obviously, in the context of serving the Internet era, non-auto insurance products are constantly innovating, service capabilities are constantly improving, and the scope of protection is constantly increasing, and its importance is constantly highlighted.

　　In the non-auto insurance business, accident health insurance and return freight insurance are still the main products. In the first six months, the premium income of accidental health insurance was 4.204 billion yuan, accounting for 17.68% of the premium income of internet channels; Property insurance was 699 million yuan, accounting for 2.94%; Liability insurance was 897 million yuan, accounting for 3.77%; Credit guarantee insurance was 694 million yuan, accounting for 2.92%; Other non-auto insurance (mainly including return freight insurance) was 1.649 billion yuan, accounting for 6.94%. (Drawing Zhang Le)

??1905 movie network news Sasaki Nozomi, a 27-year-old Japanese model and actress, participated as a guest in the variety show "Rank, Rank, Rank, Rank, Law Meeting Room" of Japanese TV on March 1st, and her words on the show were so fierce that she denied the rumors of her plastic surgery.

This program is about "Are the rumors of celebrities true?" Special issue of. When the host Junji Goto asked, "Do you read some comments on the Internet?" Sasaki Nozomi said that he would watch it often, and he often expressed helplessness to some rumors. When some guests at the scene asked what the main rumors were, she replied: "People usually write, and their faces have changed. Is it a cosmetic surgery or something?" . When asked why, Sasaki Nozomi said angrily that she was often mistaken for plastic surgery.

"Really?" quipped the comedian Toyo Zaiji. You really haven’t had a facelift? " Sasaki Nozomi himself replied angrily and funny: "No! Too much! " . After teasing beautiful women, Dongye showed that he was tolerant of cosmetic surgery, and Goto said that cosmetic surgery could become beautiful and supported it. Sasaki Nozomi repeatedly said no with a puzzled expression.

　　As an important development direction of people’s livelihood service in China, the "one-card" social security card service for residents has become a basic indicator to measure people’s livelihood level, and it is an indispensable service for most urban and rural residents. In recent years, many places are exploring the establishment of a "one card" service management model based on social security cards. How much do you know about social security cards? What functions will you use it?

　　A multi-functional card

　　At the beginning of 2022, Liu Huiling, a resident of Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, who went through the retirement formalities, received the first pension, but unlike during her employment, the money was received from the social security card. "In the past, I used to use my social security card to see a doctor and buy medicine. Now I even withdraw my pension from my social security card. The third-generation social security card in my hand has so many functions that I can also take buses and visit parks in Nanjing and Yangzhou." Liu Huiling said.

　　The first social security card in China was issued in 1999, and the medical insurance function was the first to be activated. Most residents began to know the social security card from consultation and drug purchase. Today, the list of "one card" applications of social security cards in China has reached 160 items, covering human resources and social security, medical treatment and medicine purchase, government services, subsidies for benefiting people and farmers, transportation, cultural tourism, old-age services, services for the disabled, grants and other application fields. It can be said that the continuous expansion of social security card functions has increased the depth of serving people’s livelihood to a certain extent.

　　The reporter learned from Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security that at present, 95 applications in the field of human society have generally opened cards, and people can enjoy services quickly by swiping physical cards or electronic cards, such as young people registering for insurance and enjoying employment services; Middle-aged people participate in vocational training and handle the transfer of social security relations; The elderly can do treatment qualification certification and social security rights inquiry online and offline.

　　Zhao Jiaqiang, the country’s chief career instructor who provides employment guidance in the public service hall of Dongcheng District, Beijing, told reporters: "Young people often come to consult employment problems. In fact, many of them can apply directly on the electronic social security card in their mobile phones, such as employment registration, unemployment registration, employment introduction, employment support policy application, employment assistance application, etc."

　　Social security card not only extends many new functions, but also the most basic medical insurance service is very different from the past. The reporter learned that the physical social security card has fully supported the purchase of medicines for medical treatment in various places, the settlement of work-related injury medical expenses, and the direct settlement of medical treatment in different provinces. By the end of 2021, 138 cities in 16 provinces have realized electronic social security cards for medical treatment and drug purchase. Recently, the "General-to-General" channel between Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the National Medical Insurance Bureau was officially opened, which supported the parallel use of electronic social security cards and medical insurance electronic certificate in the field of medical treatment and drug purchase.

　　A card to improve people’s livelihood

　　It is the direction of people’s livelihood security work to explore the establishment of a "one-card" service for residents with social security cards as the carrier and take the lead in realizing "treatment in the same city" in transportation, tourism and cultural experience. By the end of 2021, the number of social security card holders in China has reached 1.352 billion, with a penetration rate of 95.7%, including 138 million third-generation social security card holders. Many people’s livelihood benefits have been implemented through the carrier of social security card.

　　In terms of benefiting people and farmers, at present, some cities in 31 provinces distribute subsidies for benefiting people and farmers through social security card bank accounts. Sichuan is the first province in China to fully realize the distribution of "one card" funds. All kinds of financial subsidies for benefiting the people and farmers are uniformly distributed through the bank account of social security card, so as to effectively supervise the whole process of people’s livelihood funds and prevent corruption such as false reporting, interception and misappropriation, and eating and taking cards.

　　In terms of transportation, some cities in 19 provinces, including Shanxi, Jilin, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong and Hainan, have realized taking urban public transportation with social security cards.

　　In terms of cultural tourism, some cities in 20 provinces such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hainan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Tianjin and Chongqing have access to libraries, museums, parks and scenic spots with social security cards.

　　In terms of supporting the elderly, social security cards are widely used in various places to load services for the elderly, such as pension collection, pension insurance qualification certification, and aging-appropriate services. For example, in Xiamen, Fujian, the function of identifying social security cards is added to the pre-screening and triage gates of medical institutions. When the elderly pass through the gates with social security cards, the system will automatically read the social security card identity information and upload it to the Minzhengtong information system. After the system obtains the health code information of the insured, it can automatically complete the inspection work, which solves the problem that the elderly are scrambling to find their mobile phones and read the health codes before going to the hospital.

　　In addition, social security cards in Ningxia, Qinghai, Shandong, Hainan, Jiangxi and other places have also been loaded with services for the disabled, and some cities in Jiangxi, Shandong, Hainan, Chongqing, Xizang and other places have paid employees’ salaries and handled provident funds through social security card bank accounts.

　　A smart and convenient card

　　On April 22, 2018, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the first national unified electronic social security card at the first Digital China Construction Achievement Exhibition in Fuzhou. Since then, social security cards have been continuously opened online and offline, and more service ecosystems are gradually taking shape. At present, the number of recipients of electronic social security cards exceeds 500 million, and the population penetration rate is 35.4%. Electronic social security card services can be obtained through more than 400 channels such as apps and small programs. In 2021, 11.251 billion online services were provided. Song Jingyan, deputy director of the Information Center of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that electronic social security cards and physical social security cards have one-to-one correspondence, the same status and the same functions. They are two forms of social security cards, which bring cardholders convenient services that can be freely selected online and offline.

　　How to apply for an electronic social security card? At present, in many places, the application for physical social security cards is "first-class", and the application for electronic social security cards is "synchronous". People who have applied for physical social security cards can apply for electronic social security cards on their mobile phones.

　　What functions have been added to the electronic social security card? It is understood that the electronic social security card has opened 62 national services, involving employment and entrepreneurship, social insurance, personnel, labor relations, social security card services, etc., and more than 1,000 local services have been opened in various provinces and cities. Among them, "Employment Online", which is frequently used, is a "flagship store" that gathers all kinds of human resources service institutions, realizes the gathering, sharing and publishing of recruitment and job-seeking information, and supports cross-regional and cross-level recruitment and job-seeking services. At present, there are 202 human resources service organizations in China, which have released 16.35 million job information, registered 16.72 million users, and visited 91.96 million times, with 8.11 million effective jobs at present.

　　All localities have their own brilliant ideas in promoting the intelligent use of electronic social security cards. In Jiangmen, Guangdong, citizens can quickly log in to the social security card self-service machine to handle social services such as annual pension review, social security balance inquiry, social security payment inquiry and voucher printing through the electronic social security card. Xinyu, Jiangxi is connected to the national social security card service platform. Through the QR code of the electronic social security card, people can pay for shopping at Shangchao and realize the mobile payment of the electronic social security card, which provides a brand-new, safe and convenient service mode for residents’ daily consumption.

Daily medical broadcast

Editor | American Stock Research Society

The American Stock Research Institute launched the column "Daily Medical Broadcast" to provide you with the latest medical information and practical knowledge, and comprehensively interpret the trends of medical and health investment, financing and mergers and acquisitions.

Johnson & Johnson may put talcum powder debt in the new business of filing for bankruptcy.

Johnson & Johnson Company (new york Stock Exchange code: JNJ) According to a report from Reuters, the company is exploring a plan to transfer its debts in baby powder lawsuit to a newly established enterprise and then seek bankruptcy protection.

According to the report, Johnson & Johnson has not yet decided whether to actually implement the bankruptcy plan. It is unclear whether the company has hired a restructuring lawyer to help explore the bankruptcy plan.

The company faces legal proceedings by tens of thousands of plaintiffs, accusing its baby powder and other talc products of containing asbestos and causing cancer.

According to recent reports, FDA has begun to investigate why benzene, a carcinogen, was found in some samples of J&J Neutrogena and Aveeno brand sunscreens.

Moderna became the headline news of weekly health care winners; FibroGen and Biogen trails

Healthcare stocks in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index rose after falling for three consecutive days, and closed down only about 0.2% this week, which was better than the decline of about 1.0% in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index.

Moderna (Nasdaq: mRNA) rose about 23.0% this week, easily surpassing the market value of $100B due to the prospect of gaining a place in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index.

From the record initial public offering in 2018 to the listing of some of the largest companies in the United States next week, the leader in COVID-19 vaccine development took less than three years.

Although Moderna led the gains in large-cap stocks, the nano-stock health technology company SCWorx (NASDAQ: WORX) rose by about 59.9%, setting a weekly best performance.

At the same time, FibroGen (NASDAQ: FGEN) lost about 45.8% because it failed to get the approval of the expert group appointed by FDA for the treatment of kidney diseases.

Micro-stock companies are dominated by Ayala Pharma (NASDAQ: AYLA), with a growth rate of about 45.4%, while IMV (NASDAQ: IMV) lags behind. The loss of 36.1% was driven by a capital increase of $ 25M, which ended this week.

Ada Gene (NASDAQ: ADAG), as a recent component of the FTSE Russell Index, rose about 31.3% this week, leading the small healthcare stocks. The clinical biotechnology company, which went public in February, announced a $20 million share repurchase plan last week.

The improvement of guidance in 2021 pushed InMode (Nasdaq: INMD) to lead the mid-cap stocks by about 10.0%. At the same time, Glaucus (new york Stock Exchange code: GKOS) dropped by about 25.5% after CMS proposed the reimbursement rate this week, indicating that the company’s products were greatly reduced.

10x Genomics (NASDAQ: TXG) dropped by about 10.1%, which was the biggest drop among large-scale peers, while Biogen (NASDAQ: BIIB) saw its share price drop by about 9.3% for fear that patients would accept the company’s newly approved treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.

Obtained the highest target price on Wall Street from a Wall Street analyst, Danaher (new york Stock Exchange code: DHR) ignored the guidance of smaller competitor Qiagen to cut back (new york Stock Exchange code: QGEN) and surpassed the big players with a weekly profit of about 2.6%.

Inevitably, Abbott Laboratories (new york Stock Exchange: ABT) fell behind by about 1.9%. However, the author of Seeking Alpha and Wall Street analysts agree that the company has a bright future.

Piper Sandler: Teleflex and Itamar sell off "too harshly"

On Thursday, Teleflex (new york Stock Exchange code: TFX) and Itamar Medical (Nasdaq: ITMR) announced the newly published reimbursement rates of the American Medical Insurance and Medicaid Service Center (CMS), indicating that the reimbursement rates of the company’s products have dropped significantly.

Today, after Piper Sandler analyst Matt O’Brien defended the two companies, Teleflex has recovered from losses for four consecutive trading days.

The interest rate cut is "eye-catching", but similar to the procedures of competitors, analysts believe that the overweight rating of stocks should be maintained.

O’Brien urged investors to take advantage of the weakness, saying that the selling was "too harsh" on the potential impact.

Layoffs may have a considerable impact on Teleflex’s Urolift and have a serious impact on doctors’ profitability. However, analysts added that the impact on Teleflex’s revenue and growth rate was only moderate.

At the same time, according to O ‘Brien, Itamar’s WatchPAT can remain profitable even at low interest rates, and the company points out that even if there are any cuts, the impact will be minimal.

After Glaucus (new york Stock Exchange code: GKOS) sold sharply on Wednesday, CMS proposed to reduce the reimbursement rate, and the company also recovered.

The FDA approved Belumosudil to treat graft-versus-host disease, and Kadmon traded at a higher price.

The share price of Kadmon Holdings (KDMN+18.0%) rose because the FDA granted Rezurock (Belumosudil) the marketing license of oral therapeutic drugs for chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD).

According to the FDA website, Rezurock 200mg tablets have been approved. Belumosudil (KD025) is a selective inhibitor of Rho-related coiled helix kinase 2 (ROCK2), which has been given priority review by FDA for cGVHD.

In March this year, the company announced that the regulator had extended the review period of the therapy and set the date of FDA action as August 30.

Kadmon said that the purpose of extending the review period is to evaluate the additional information submitted by the company in response to the FDA’s request.

Regeneron spent $1.8 billion to expand its business in new york.

Governor Andrew Cuomo announced that Regeneron Pharmaceutical Company will invest $1.8 billion in the next six years to expand the park in Tarrytown, New York.

The expanded scope includes research, preclinical manufacturing and support facilities.

It is estimated that about 1000 new jobs will be created.

If Regeneron meets the recruitment target, the company will receive a tax credit of up to $100 million.

Update of REGENXBIO and Abeona on Arbitration of Licensing Disputes

Due to the dispute between RGNX +2.5% and Abeona Therapeutics, the arbitration tribunal has awarded 28 million US dollars in damages and about 6.1 million US dollars in interest (ABEO -2.2%) through the license agreement.

REGENXBIO said in a regulatory document today that if Abeona does not comply with the ruling, "the company expects to take appropriate measures to implement the ruling". It added that the exact time and amount of recovery were uncertain.

On May 2, 2020, the agreement was terminated because Abeona failed to pay $8 million, and the additional fee of $20 million payable by Abeona in November 2020 was paid within 15 months of the termination date.

However, in May 2020, Abeona filed a claim with arbitration, accusing REGENXBIO of violating some terms of the license agreement. Subsequently, in a counterclaim, REGENXBIO sought unpaid fees and interest totaling $28 million.

At the same time, Abeona said that before the arbitration decision, the two companies reached a settlement agreement, which, according to the company, "replaced the decision of the arbitral tribunal".

"Abeona intends to seek to implement the settlement agreement," the company pointed out in today’s 8-K document.

As Nasdaq trading began, Stevenato’s share price fell.

The stock of Steven ATO Group SPA ("STVN") got off to a bad start on the first day of trading on Nasdaq.

As of 1242p EDT, the share price fell by 15% to $17.85.

Last night, Stevanato, who is engaged in drug delivery products and diagnostic services, priced its initial public offering of 32 million shares at $21 per share.

Donovan Jones, who seeks Alpha author IPO Edge, is optimistic about Stevanto, pointing out that the company is growing rapidly, generating profits and having free cash flow.

Bristol-Myers Squibb settled the Spycel patent case with Reddy and Lupin.

According to Bloomberg News, Bristol-Myers Squibb reached a settlement with generic drug manufacturers Dr. Reddy and Lupin on the patent lawsuit of leukemia drug Sprycel (dasatinib).

Details of the settlement have not yet been announced.

Lupin’s settlement was submitted on Wednesday, but it has not been approved, and Dr. Reddy’s settlement was approved yesterday. Both cases were tried in a federal court in Trenton, New Jersey.

Bristol accused the two companies of infringing three of their patents by proposing Sprycel generic drugs.

Sprycel’s sales in 2020 will be about $1.3 billion.

Atosa fell for the second consecutive trading day after a sharp rise this year.

Atossa Therapeutics (ATOS -15.1%) is expected to lose money continuously today after losing more than one tenth on Thursday.

So far this year, the value of the stock has increased more than five times, which enabled the company to gain a place in the Russell 2000 and Russell 3000 indexes on June 28th.

This clinical biopharmaceutical company focuses on cancer treatment and infectious diseases, including COVID-19.

Last week, Atossa announced that Australian regulators had approved the start of a clinical study of AT-H201, which is the inhaled COVID-19 therapy developed by the company.

At the same time, a group of researchers led by Steven Quay, CEO of the company, published a study that emphasized the need to investigate the origin of COVID-19.

In the preprint, the team of scientists and data analysts concluded that the survey should assume that laboratory infections or research-related accidents are as likely to be the origin of the virus as pathogens jumping out of animals.

Tilray and other Canadian operators performed poorly due to the uncertainty of legalization of federal marijuana.

Senators said this week that the bill to legalize marijuana at the federal level proposed by Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer did not have enough votes to pass.

As the Cannabis Management and Opportunity Act faces an uphill battle to become law, the shares of multi-state operators and their Canadian competitors have sold off.

However, Canadian cannabis dramas such as Tilray (TLRY -2.1% ), HEXO Company (HEXO -3.3%), Aurora Cannabis (ACB -2.3%) and sundial growers (SNDL +0.6%) performed worse in the past five days.

Meanwhile, David Klein (CGC -1.8%), CEO of Canopy Growth, said in an interview with Yahoo Finance that the draft legislation was "very positive".

"For me, the bill may just represent the beginning or a new beginning of the legislative road to complete it," Klein said, adding that he hoped to see the gradual progress of federal reform.

In April, Bank of America cited the potential legalization of federal marijuana as the reason for its buy rating of Tilray and Canopy Growth.

China SXT Pharmaceuticals and Trinity Biotechnology lead the health care unit; FibroGen and Neptune health solutions among the main losers

Friday, July 16th

Winners: China SXT Pharmaceutical (NASDAQ: SXT TC)+37%, Sany Biotechnology (NASDAQ: TRIB) +11%, Modena (NASDAQ: mRNA) +9%, Aptevo Therapy (NASDAQ: APVO) +9%, Apollo Medical (NASDAQ: AMEH)+4.

Losers: FibroGen (NASDAQ: FGEN) -45%, Neptune Health Solutions (NASDAQ: NEPT) -20%, Atosa Therapy (NASDAQ: ATOS) -16%, Raven Pharmaceutical (NASDAQ: CRVS) -8%, alzas Mende Nerve (NASDAQ: ALZn).

Moderna jumped to a record high after being included in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index.

After the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index announced on July 21st that the company would be included in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, the share price of Moderna (MRNA+9.7%) has reached its highest level since its initial public offering in 2018.

Moderna’s valuation has more than tripled in the past 12 months, because its COVID-19 vaccine has joined the global efforts to fight the pandemic under the authorization of global regulators.

In 2021, the company expects to provide 800 million to 1B doses of vaccine, and the goal in 2022 is to provide 3B doses.

Although competitors appeared in the COVID-19 vaccine competition, Moderna has increased by about 148.6% so far this year. As the chart shows, the sharp rise in the stock price coincides with the rise in Wall Street’s bearish rating on the stock.

At the same time, the authors of Seeking Alpha and Wall Street analysts agree with their neutral rating on the vaccine manufacturer.

FibroGen was affected by the downgrade, and Danaher gave the highest goal of Wall Street-the analyst action on July 16th.

After FDA’s setback to Roxadustat, FibroGen Court downgraded the rating.

Fiber Gene (NASDAQ: FGEN) lost about 35.7% before the drug went on the market because it was not approved by the FDA expert group to treat anemia caused by chronic kidney disease (CKD).

This setback triggered several downgrades on Wall Street.

Bank of America analysts headed by Jason Gerberry believe that this therapy has no way out in the US market. Analysts downgraded the stock from buy to neutral because the drug jointly developed by the company and AstraZeneca has no US royalty. The target price is lowered from $43.00 to $29.00 per share, which means a premium of about 16.7%.

Meanwhile, Annabel Samimy, an analyst at Stifel, lowered her holding advice from buy and lowered her target per share from $55.00 to $29.00.

At the end of last month, FibroGen received a positive evaluation from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and was used to treat anemia caused by CKD with Roxadustat.

Zoetis lowered Raymond James’ valuation.

Noting that the company’s share price has risen by 30% since the beginning of March, Raymond James downgraded Zoetis (new york Stock Exchange code: ZTS) from outperforming the market to market performance.

As the largest participant in the animal health industry, Shuo Teng is the representative of industry sentiment and valuation, the analyst wrote. "Our downgrade was carried out before the more uncertain and possibly slowing growth after the pandemic."

Earlier this week, despite the changes in the rating of the animal health sub-industry, Guggenheim kept the buy rating of Shuoteng unchanged.

Oppenheimer is bullish on Nkarta

Nkarta (Nasdaq: NKTX) has an advertisement DED? 6.7%, after Oppenheimer started to cover the overweight rating in early trading. The target price of $75.00 per share means a premium of about 150.2%.

Analysts note that natural killer (NK) cell therapy has potential compared with currently available T cell therapy, and he points out that Nkarta is the only listed biotechnology company focusing on new technologies.

The company saw the purchase opportunity before the first human data of NKX101 acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Nkarta said in May that the preliminary clinical data of the ongoing NKX101 trial is expected to be released before the end of 2021.

Cryoport is BTIG’s new acquisition of the prospect of cell and gene therapy.

BTIG analyst David Larsen initiated a report on Cryoport (Nasdaq: CYRX) with a buy rating. The analyst pointed out that the company has the potential to benefit from the estimated annual growth rate of more than 30% in the field of cell and gene therapy in the next decade.

The target price of $80.00 per share indicates a premium of about 48.7%. According to Larsen, with "a series of shippers" and the technology to track their journey, the company has the ability to provide ultra-cold supply chain logistics for cell and gene therapy products.

In June, Cryoport fell from Russell Micro Capital Index.

Danaher wins Benchmark’s highest street goal

Benchmark analyst Robert wasserman estimates that Danaher’s street price target of $330.00 per share (new york Stock Exchange code: DHR) means a premium of about 17.5%. The analyst cited the downwind brought by large acquisitions and the demand for products related to Covid.

Wasserman wrote that the company should benefit from its $21 billion acquisition of GE’s biopharmaceutical business, and pointed out that the company’s $1 billion expenditure was aimed at expanding the production capacity of some of its health-related businesses, thus bringing growth opportunities.

Wasserman also expects Danaher’s acquisition of Aldevron to be completed next year. In June, the company agreed to pay $ 9.6B for the acquisition of privately held Aldevron.

Needham saw the buying opportunity of cardiovascular system.

Cardiovascular system (NASDAQ: CSII) This figure dropped to a two-month low after the CMS doctor’s fee schedule proposed a 22% reduction in peripheral atherosclerosis resection.

In response, Needham quoted the buying opportunity of the company’s stock. He wrote: "Even if there is a reduction, we don’t think it will have much impact on CSII (if any)."

Mike mattson, an analyst, expects to be opposed by the medical association during the public consultation period. He thinks that the final rules expected later this year may be different from the proposal.

Needham gave Cardiovascular Systems a buy rating with a target price of $50.00 per share, which means a premium of about 38.9%. Wall Street has bought six times, held four times and sold zero, and is optimistic about the stock as a whole.

Unless otherwise specified, all stock price movements are based on the market closing price.

Bristol-Myers Squibb’s Opdivo combination failed to achieve the main goal of advanced cancer trials.

Bristol-Myers Squibb (new york Stock Exchange code: BMY) announced that its late trial of Opdivo, a heavy anticancer drug, failed to meet the needs of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN) as the main end point of first-line treatment.

The company said that among the patients whose tumor expressed PD-L1 and whose comprehensive positive score (CPS) CPS) ≥ 20, the combination of Opdivo and Yervoy showed an obvious and positive overall survival (OS) trend, but pointed out that the study did not meet its main end point.

The safety of combined drugs in this trial is consistent with the previously reported solid tumor research.

"We are disappointed that these results are not statistically significant, and we are still committed to promoting research and supporting patients with this refractory cancer," said Abderrahim Oukessou, vice president and development leader of Bristol-Myers Squibb chest cancer.

The company will complete a comprehensive evaluation of the data and cooperate with investigators to share the results.

The stock price fell nearly 1% before the market.

TScan Therapeutics, a cancer biotechnology, priced 6.7 million IPO shares at $15.

TScan Therapeutics (TCRX) has priced its IPO of about 6.7 million common shares at $15.00/share, with a total revenue of $100 million.

The company initially applied to issue 6.25 million shares at a price of $ 15-17.

The transaction began on July 16th.

The underwriter’s over-allotment is an extra 1 million shares.

The deadline is July 20th.

TScan is a biopharmaceutical company, focusing on developing T cell receptor engineering T cell therapy (TCR-T) for cancer patients.

TSC-100 and TSC-101, the company’s main liquid tumor TCR-T therapy candidates, are being developed to treat patients with hematological malignancies in order to eliminate residual leukemia and prevent recurrence after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

TCRX is also developing multiple TCR-T candidate therapies for the treatment of various solid tumors.

The company plans to submit an IND application for TSC-100 and TSC-101 to the FDA in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Donovan Jones, a contributor seeking Alpha, discussed in depth and said, "TCRX is still in the pre-clinical development stage, so IPO may be more suitable for long-term institutional investors; I will observe the IPO on the sidelines. "

Erasca, a precision oncology company, expanded its IPO to 19 million shares and priced it at $16.

Elasca (NASDAQ: ERAS) has priced its IPO of 18.75 million ordinary shares at $16.00 per share, with an expected total income of $300 million.

The company initially applied to issue 17.5 million shares at a price of $ 14-16.

The transaction began on July 16th.

The underwriter’s over-allotment is about 2.8 million extra shares.

The deadline is July 20th.

Erasca is a clinical precision cancer company, focusing on the discovery, development and commercialization of treatment methods for cancer patients driven by RAS/MAPK pathway.

The main candidate products of the company are ERAS-007 (oral ERK1/2 inhibitor) and ERAS-601 (oral SHP2 inhibitor), which together constitute the first MAPKlamp.

ERAS-007 has been evaluated as a single drug in phase I clinical trials of patients with advanced solid tumors. In the fourth quarter of 2020, ERAS launched FLASH HP-1, which is a phase I clinical trial of ERAS-601 in patients with advanced solid tumors. The following is an overview of the company’s drug development pipeline.

Donovan Jones, a contributor seeking Alpha, conducted an in-depth study on IPO and said, "ERAS showed early hope in preclinical research, but the pricing of IPO is much higher than the typical range of biopharmaceutical companies at IPO, so I will observe it from the sidelines."

Original link: https://seekingalpha.com/premium-news/healthcare

This article was first published on WeChat WeChat official account: American Stock Research Society. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

Double Eleven is coming, and the whole people enjoy shopping spree. It is better to say online shopping spree than shopping spree. Online shopping has almost subverted our lifestyle. While enjoying the convenience brought by online shopping, have you ever thought about what is behind the convenience? Who brings us convenience? This article takes you to find out!

In actual business, the receipt, delivery, purchase and management of goods are all handled by the warehouse, and the owner only needs to send the task order to the warehouse.

The following is a brief introduction to the basic operation process of goods warehousing and outbound:

The warehousing process of goods is as follows:

When the owner needs to store the purchased goods in the warehouse, he needs to create the warehousing task first. The tasks created include the details and quantity of goods to be put into storage, as well as the estimated storage time. After the task is successfully created, it is submitted to the warehouse, waiting for the warehouse to arrange warehousing.

After receiving the warehousing task, the warehouse operates according to the following process:

• The warehouse formulates the warehousing task plan and informs the corresponding drivers of the transportation task;
• The driver loads the car at the designated place and transports the goods to the warehouse within the specified time;
• After arriving at the warehouse, the driver should give the delivery note to the warehouse receiver, who will check the delivery note with the receipt to confirm that the receiving task is correct, and then check whether the vehicle meets the requirements, whether the outer packaging of the goods is damaged, and whether the model is consistent with the packing list to prevent unqualified goods from entering the warehouse;
• After it is confirmed, it starts unloading and receiving goods, and PDA scans the arrival notice number and enters the receiving task; PDA usually has two receiving methods, ordinary receiving and container receiving. Ordinary receiving directly scans the barcode of goods and inputs the quantity of goods to complete receiving. Container receiving needs to scan the container code and commodity bar code, associate the container with the commodity, and concentrate the commodity into the container to complete receiving.

Before unloading, only the outer packaging of the goods is inspected, and after unloading and receiving, it is necessary to disassemble the outer packaging to inspect the goods more carefully.

The receiver counts the quantity of the goods according to the arrival notice, and clearly marks the actual number of pieces collected, and at the same time verifies the quality problems of the goods (damaged, damp and short-packed). The goods that pass the acceptance are packed in the specified position and waiting for the shelves.

After the inspection, the receiver will feedback the warehousing notice to the owner and the driver to inform that it has been warehousing.

The last step of warehousing is putting on shelves.

The warehouse staff assigns locations to the goods to be put into storage in advance, and then the shelf staff puts the goods on the designated locations. Corresponding to the two receiving methods mentioned above, there are two ways to put goods on shelves, namely, ordinary shelves and container shelves.

The difference between ordinary shelves and container shelves is simply that goods are put on single shelves and put on shelves in batches.

The basic process of ordinary shelves:

Basic process of container shelving:

Judging from the process of putting containers on shelves, some students may have doubts. When putting containers on shelves, they only established the corresponding relationship between containers and locations, but not between commodities and locations. How can we find locations through commodity barcodes in the future? Or how to query the goods of the location through the barcode of the location?

In fact, commodities, containers and warehouses are interrelated:

The establishment of the corresponding relationship between containers and locations indirectly establishes the relationship between commodities and locations, and the corresponding relationship between commodities and containers has been established at the time of receiving goods, so the commodities on the container shelves can be directly queried through locations.

After the shelves are completed, the warehousing process of goods is basically completed.

The process of goods delivery is complicated, usually including picking, broadcasting, checking, packaging, sorting, collecting and handing over, etc. This process is not only manual labor for warehouse staff, but also careful in any step, otherwise it will cause losses to warehouse, seller and buyer. Especially in the peak period of double eleven commodity circulation, warehouse staff should be vigilant to avoid mistakes.

The basic process of goods delivery is as follows:

Online shopping orders will first flow into the seller’s OMS system (order management system), and the owner will push the orders to the WMS system of the warehouse after confirmation by OMS.

WMS system usually needs to schedule orders first, which is simply to classify orders according to certain rules. There are many factors that affect order classification in actual business, so scheduling seems simple, but the logic behind it is very complicated. The main functions and purposes of scheduling orders are as follows:

(1) Matching the optimal warehouse for the order:

For example, a shipper usually has multiple warehouses, so choosing the warehouse closest to the consignee is undoubtedly the fastest and most cost-saving.

In actual scheduling, the selection of warehouses depends not only on distance information, but also on inventory information, goods information, carrier information and so on.

In order to achieve the best transportation scheme, it is often necessary to split the order.

For example, an order contains two kinds of goods, A warehouse is the closest to the consignee, but the inventory information of A warehouse shows that there is only A goods, but there is no B goods, and B warehouse, which is far away from the consignee, has sufficient inventory. At this time, it is necessary to split the order into two orders, one of which is only A goods allocated to A warehouse, and the other is only B goods allocated to B warehouse, and the two warehouses are delivered to the consignee respectively.

Although such bill splitting operation has achieved cost reduction and efficiency increase, it often leads to the bad experience of the consignee receiving goods many times, so the bill splitting operation should be cautious.

(2) Match the best carrier for the order.

When the owner has a designated carrier, assign the carrier to the order; When the owner does not specify a carrier, the distance information from the warehouse to the consignee, freight information, inventory information and goods information are comprehensively considered, and the most suitable carrier is matched for the order according to certain rules.

(3) make production plan for the warehouse

The warehouse system receives a lot of orders every day, especially on special days such as "6.18", "11.11" and "12.12", and the order quantity is beyond imagination.

Therefore, it is necessary to plan the daily production plan of the warehouse in advance, so that the warehouse can handle all orders in an orderly manner and try to avoid unexpected situations during the peak order period.

In addition: in a large number of orders, there are often many orders with the same or similar goods, so it will save a lot of time to concentrate on the production and picking of these orders.

(4) Planning the picking route for the picker.

There are thousands of goods stored in the warehouse. Although it is mentioned earlier that each commodity has a corresponding location, goods can be searched according to the location, but the warehouse is large and the locations are widely distributed, and the goods in the picking task are not concentrated in a certain location. If the picking route planning is unreasonable, pickers need to go back and forth to different reservoir areas to find them, resulting in low efficiency and other problems.

Scheduling can query the inventory position of goods according to the order information, and then plan the shortest picking route according to the inventory position, which greatly improves the picking efficiency.

Above all, scheduling is a process of pre-processing and classifying orders, in which many optimization strategies will be generated to guide the subsequent operations of the warehouse, and warehouse personnel can perform various operations according to the scheduling results.

After the scheduling, the order flows to the corresponding warehouse system, and the order is selected in the WMS system to generate the picking task and print the task list. The basic information of the order is on the face sheet, and the outer packaging of the goods needs to be affixed with the face sheet to facilitate the delivery staff and the consignee to distribute and identify the package according to the face sheet information.

Some warehouses print face sheets on the packaging platform, which has the advantages of being easy to use and avoiding the loss and confusion of face sheets in the picking process.

After the picking task is generated, it is assigned to the picker, who downloads the picking task on PDA, picks up the correct quantity of goods from the designated warehouse according to PDA’s instructions and puts them into the picking truck. There are two kinds of picking operations: picking before sorting and picking while sorting.

Picking before sorting is to separate picking and sorting. First, collect all the goods in the task order into the pickup truck, and then distribute the goods on the sowing wall. The seeding wall is a cart with many cells, each cell corresponds to an order, and seeding is to classify the goods in the pickup truck into each cell according to the order.

Picking and dividing is to put the goods into the corresponding cells when picking. Before picking, the picker binds the cell to the order one-to-one. When pushing the sowing wall to pick the goods, the PDA scans the barcode of the goods and automatically prompts which cell the goods should be put in, thus realizing the sorting while picking.

Although picking while sorting can be completed in one step, picking before sorting is more used in practical scenes, because the seeding wall is larger than picking trucks, and it is inconvenient to move in the reservoir area, which is not conducive to the work of pickers.

After the goods are placed in the sowing wall, they will go to the packaging station for review and packaging.

The packager rechecks the face sheet code and commodity code by computer scanning. On the one hand, he checks the quantity and type of commodities to prevent the wrong delivery and missing delivery of commodities; on the other hand, he checks the quality of commodities to prevent defective products from leaving the warehouse.

After the re-inspection, the packager packages the goods and puts the corresponding face sheet on the outer packaging, and then puts the package on the conveyor belt to enter the next link.

On the conveyor belt, the sorting robot automatically sorts the packages according to different express delivery by scanning the information of the packages. At the end of the conveyor belt, the sorting personnel put the package codes of different express delivery in the designated area to wait for collection.

After all the goods in the delivery task are sorted, the warehouse informs the courier to collect them at the specified time and print the handover list at the same time. After the courier arrives at the warehouse, he checks the goods according to the handover list provided by the warehouse, and uses PDA to scan the goods list to receive the goods. After receiving the goods is confirmed to be correct, the courier signs the handover list to complete the handover, and finally loads the goods and leaves the warehouse.

The above is the basic operation flow of goods in and out of the warehouse. Due to the different needs of different businesses, there will be differences in the operation flow.

In addition to warehousing and warehousing, the basic operation processes of the warehouse include inventory, tally and replenishment, which will be introduced later.

　

This article was originally published by @ Xiaobaitoo. Everyone is a product manager. It is forbidden to reprint without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

　　In the midsummer, Ms. Mao, in her forties, had dinner with three male colleagues born in the 1990s.

　　Unexpectedly, eating and eating, four people are sleepy. Ms. Mao was dizzy, so she wanted to go out for some air, but when she went down the stairs, she fell with one foot empty and woke up at 120.

　　So, in the private room where Ms. Mao eats,

　　What the hell happened?

　　The dining room for four is on the second floor, which is a private room. Ms. Mao recalled that she didn’t drink at that time, but she was dizzy. When I went out for air, my body didn’t listen to me, and I rolled down the stairs. After being helped by my colleagues, I passed out outside the door.

　　Ms. Mao compared us with the exact location of falling to the ground. She said that she was in a coma for about ten minutes and was awakened by her companions. And several other male colleagues also have different degrees of vomiting. Mr. Liang, the owner of the restaurant, said that their symptoms were closely related to drunkenness. Ms. Mao denied Mr. Liang’s drunken statement. She said that they ordered a small amount of beer that day, and they didn’t drink themselves. I think there is something wrong with the private room for dinner.

　　On the day of the incident, four people gathered for dinner were sent to the hospital by 120, and three young men recovered quickly. However, Ms. Mao failed to recover. After five days, she still felt unwell and was hospitalized again. After that, she appealed to the court to file a claim with the hotel owner Liang.

　　In fact, on that day, Mr. Liang had paid the total expenses for the four people’s treatment. In this lawsuit, the plaintiff Ms. Mao advocated a series of expenses for her re-hospitalization. In addition to the cost of a lawyer, Ms. Mao asked the hotel owner to pay a total of 19,000 yuan. However, Mr. Liang did not buy it, saying that the plaintiff’s losses could not be completely counted on them.

　　The question is, if the four people were drunk and caused losses, why did the boss, Mr. Liang, pay all the expenses for their first treatment? Judging from this statement of the day, four people ordered sheep scorpion hot pot, Jiangtuan grilled fish, drinks and a barrel of beer. So, what happened at dinner?

　　The reporter went upstairs to the small private room where Ms. Mao had dinner. The room was less than 10 square meters. Mr. Liang said that the two dishes that needed constant heating were cooked with a small gas stove and were placed on the dining table. However, Ms. Mao insisted that after the incident, the boss made a big renovation of the dining table. The table top originally had a round part embedded, and there was a small liquefied jar burning under the table.

　　In order to prove his story.

　　Ms. Mao dialed a dinner colleague.

　　Mr. Yu’s phone

　　Mr. Yu said, "Because we ordered a grilled fish, the grilled fish is charcoal. Because I saw that the grilled fish in their house was roasted with charcoal fire, it was more distinctive, so I chose their house. "

　　"So there was a liquefied gas tank and a charcoal fire at the scene, right? Both at the same time? "

　　"That’s right."

　　According to common sense, carbon-containing substances will consume oxygen when ignited, and at the same time produce carbon dioxide and a very small amount of carbon monoxide, which is generally harmless to the human body. However, if the air circulation in the private room is not smooth and the surrounding oxygen is insufficient, it will cause incomplete combustion, and the proportion of carbon monoxide produced will increase, while the carbon monoxide with higher concentration will be inhaled by the human body, which will lead to organ damage. Ms. Mao and her colleagues were diagnosed with carbon monoxide poisoning by the hospital.

　　Now that carbon monoxide poisoning has been confirmed, the focus of the contradiction between the two sides lies in whether enough oxygen is provided in this small private room of the hotel, that is, whether the ventilation conditions are enough. The second point is whether necessary safety reminders have been given to the guests.

　　Judging from the scene environment, Ms. Mao’s small private room has only one window, and it is open in the corridor. If the lights are not turned on during the day, it is almost a dark room.

　　Mr. Liang said that when serving, the waiter reminded Ms. Mao to open the door and open the window to keep it ventilated, while the plaintiff, Ms. Mao, closed the doors and windows herself in order to keep the air conditioner low. Ms. Mao denied such a statement. She said that the waiter never reminded me of safety precautions, and there was no sign in the private room reminding me of ventilation.

　　So, is boss Liang’s private room poorly ventilated? As an adult, does Ms. Mao have her own responsibilities?

　　Mr. Ma, the guest on that day.

　　Now appears in court as a witness.

　　The plaintiff entrusted the agent: "Did the plaintiff drink alcohol that day?"

　　Mr. Ma: "The plaintiff didn’t drink alcohol that day because she was driving."

　　The plaintiff entrusted the agent: "Then what was the reason for your diagnosis when you went to the hospital?" Mr. Ma: "At that time, the result of our blood test was carbon monoxide poisoning." The plaintiff entrusted the agent: "So you think the defendant gave you money because you were poisoned by carbon monoxide in his shop?"

　　Mr. Ma: "That’s for sure. If it’s not his responsibility, why should he pay compensation?"

　　The defendant entrusted the agent: "There are windows near the stairs, but you are not sure whether to open them now?"

　　Mr. Ma: "I remember it very clearly. It only opened a little seam, because it was next to the stairs and it was dusty, so its window was always closed without guests."

　　The defendant entrusted the agent: "So you didn’t remember when the waiter reminded you?"

　　Mr. Ma: "I remember clearly that the waiter didn’t remind us to open the window. He just reminded us that because the room was small, they wanted to serve food, and then asked us to leave the door open for him."

　　The defendant entrusted the agent: "Does the waiter remind you to open the door?"

　　Mr. Ma: "He said don’t block the door. He asked us to sit people in that room a little bit and don’t block him from serving."

　　As the waiter of that day had left his post, Mr. Ma’s testimony alone could not fully confirm the different facts that both sides needed to prove. But one thing is certain: on July 19th, 2021, all four people were sent to Fengxian District Central Hospital for treatment because of carbon monoxide poisoning. Mr. Liang also paid the medical expenses in time, but what made him extremely unhappy was that five days later, Ms. Mao suddenly came to the door to ask for treatment fees. According to Mr. Liang, this time it was a lion’s mouth. Because Ms. Mao asked him to claim 30 thousand yuan.

　　What Ms. Mao asked for was the cost of her second hospitalization, but the defendant thought that the plaintiff’s second hospitalization was unnecessary at all, and there was no direct causal relationship with the hot pot banquet on July 19. Therefore, the defendant is unwilling to pay.

　　However, the judicial appraisal opinion made it clear that the condition of Ms. Mao’s second treatment had a direct causal relationship with the carbon monoxide poisoning caused by the dinner that day.

　　Despite this, the defendant still believes that Ms. Mao maliciously expanded the loss because she refused infusion when she was treated again.

　　The plaintiff, Ms. Mao, said: "In fact, I either refused treatment, or I was allergic to water, and I would send things. Then I also had photos and showed them to the doctor. The doctor said that I didn’t hang them up later."

　　The plaintiff entrusted the agent: "After being confirmed by the doctor, she didn’t continue to hang up the water."

　　Judge: "Do you want to submit additional evidence?"

　　The plaintiff entrusts an agent: "Then add it."

　　After hearing the case, the court held that the defendant had no solid evidence, so the inference that the plaintiff had an act of expanding losses was not established. The defendant, as the operator of the hotel, should be obligated to protect the personal and property safety of the diners and should be liable for compensation.

　　As an adult, the plaintiff, knowing that there is the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning when burning with charcoal fire, still failed to open the doors and windows for dinner, which is a certain fault and should also bear certain responsibilities for his own losses.

　　After the trial, the judge actively organized mediation between the two parties.

　　Finally, the two sides reached a mediation agreement under the auspices of the court.

　　The defendant compensated Ms. Mao for medical expenses, hospital food subsidies, nursing expenses, nutrition expenses, lost time, transportation expenses, appraisal fees, attorney fees and other losses of 16,000 yuan.

　　For restaurants, especially hot pot barbecue shops, managers have the obligation to take the initiative to remind consumers to pay attention to safety, post relevant warning information in the business premises, and do a good job in staff training and on-site ventilation.

　　When people eat, they should also pay attention to the hidden dangers in the dining environment and inform the store to take effective measures in time.

　　This article is synthesized from: look at the news, case focus, etc.

　　Author: Wang Xue Tang Xiaomeng Ding Jiawei

[Editor: Li Dingding]

　　Promote the construction of "discerning project" in rural areas.

　　Just 10 words appeared in "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing Rural Revitalization Strategy", which is not only the first time that the "discerning project" was written into the No.1 Document of the Central Committee, but also means that the construction of safe villages will be further accelerated.

　　"discerning project", that is, the networking application of public safety video surveillance construction. According to the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", by 2020, China will basically realize the networking application of public security video surveillance with "global coverage, network sharing, full-time availability and full-time control".

　　Experts interviewed by the reporter of Legal Daily believe that in order to achieve full coverage and no dead ends of public security video surveillance, it is urgent to divide basic functions, give basic rights and standardize basic procedures through legislation.

　　Rural revitalization cannot be separated from safe villages.

　　"Now go out for a walk after dinner, not afraid of thieves at home." Pointing to the high-definition probe at the door, Liu Mengqiong, a villager from Daohua Village, Longtai Town, Zhongjiang County, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, said that there are a pair of discerning eyes behind the probe, and she can monitor it in real time through her mobile phone.

　　"Implemented last year ‘ Discerning project ’ Since then, there has been no case of theft, and illegal and uncivilized behaviors such as burning straw and littering have also been effectively eliminated. " Lu Lianghong, secretary of the Party branch of Daohua Village, said that the improvement of public order and living environment has significantly improved the people’s sense of security and satisfaction.

　　This is a microcosm of the effectiveness of the "discerning project" construction.

　　According to the data released by the Sichuan Provincial Comprehensive Management Office, by the end of December 2017, Sichuan Province had completed the "discerning project" in 14,087 villages and built 41,695 new monitoring probes.

　　According to the data disclosed by Chang ‘an magazine, in the five years since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the video networking platform system for comprehensive management of social security has achieved full coverage at the provincial level, and connected 295 cities, 2,236 counties and 2,773 townships.

　　Recently, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee was released in 2018. In this document, which is called "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing Rural Revitalization Strategy", it is proposed to build a safe village and promote the construction of "discerning project" in rural areas.

　　According to Ding Wen, director of China Urban and Rural Grassroots Rule of Law Research Center of Huazhong Normal University, this year’s No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed that it is "very meaningful" to promote the construction of "discerning project" in rural areas, and rural revitalization can not be separated from safe villages. Promoting the construction of "discerning project" in rural areas and realizing the coverage of public security video surveillance in rural areas will help provide a good public security environment for rural areas.

　　"The construction of rural peace is still the current weakness, and safe China cannot be separated from safe villages." Ding Wen told the reporter of the Legal Daily.

　　According to Yang Jianshun, a professor at the Law School of Renmin University of China and director of the Institute of Comparative Administrative Law, video surveillance of public safety with full coverage and no dead ends can not only curb the occurrence of criminal cases in rural areas, but also curb all kinds of ugly phenomena, which is conducive to the fundamental improvement of the rural social security situation.

　　"Promoting rural areas ‘ Discerning project ’ Construction has also provided a guarantee for rural traffic safety and rescue of various accidents in rural areas, which is very meaningful. " Yang Jianshun told the reporter of the Legal Daily.

　　Building a safe countryside is not only to promote the construction of "discerning project" in rural areas.

　　According to the No.1 Document of the Central Committee this year, specific measures include: perfecting the leadership responsibility system for comprehensive management of social security, vigorously promoting the construction of rural social security prevention and control system, and promoting the sinking of social security prevention and control forces; Carry out in-depth special campaigns to eliminate evils, severely crack down on rural evil forces and clan evil forces, and severely crack down on illegal crimes such as gambling, drug trafficking, kidnapping and so on; Improve the function and operation mechanism of the county and village three-level comprehensive management center; Improve the rural public security system and continue to carry out rural security risks management.

　　"discerning project" is the top priority of safe villages.

　　Pingyi County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, is the birthplace of the "discerning project".

　　Today, local residents have benefited a lot from this.

　　In Song He Village, Wenshui Town, Pingyi County, Ms. Yin, a public security volunteer, took care of her grandson and granddaughter at home, while using the TV-connected "Pingyi Smart Community" system to check the situation in the village.

　　The "My Security" function in the system can view six channels of high-definition monitoring pictures at the same time, realizing "probe standing guard and key patrol".

　　One day in 2017, she found an unlicensed vehicle wandering in the village on the TV monitoring screen. Then, people got off the car and prepared to pry the door lock of a resident’s house. She immediately pressed the "one-button alarm" function key on the TV remote control.

　　After receiving the alarm, the duty officer of the sub-platform of Song He Village "Xueliang Project" quickly informed the patrol members to go with the police station to arrest them.

　　It is relying on scientific and technological means that Pingyi County has built a "mass public security prevention and control project" with the county, township and village comprehensive management centers as the command platform, comprehensive management information as the support, grid management as the basis, and public security video surveillance networking application as the focus.

　　Up to now, Linyi has installed a total of 360,000 video cameras, achieving the goal of full coverage and seamless, effectively solving the problems of weak grassroots prevention and governance, scattered resources and single means. In Shandong Province, a total of 2.93 million public security cameras were installed and 2,491 monitoring centers were established.

　　Behind Pingyi County’s exploration of the "discerning project" is the vivid practice of the central government to promote the construction of a safe China since the 18th CPC National Congress.

　　The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward "deepening the construction of peace and improving the three-dimensional social security prevention and control system".

　　In September 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Central Comprehensive Management Office and other nine ministries and commissions jointly issued "Several Opinions on Strengthening the Networking Application of Public Security Video Surveillance", and the "discerning project" began to be promoted nationwide.

　　The proposed goal is that by 2020, China will basically realize the networking application of public security video surveillance with "global coverage, network sharing, full-time availability and full-process control".

　　One year later, the National Development and Reform Commission jointly approved 48 cities, including Linyi City, to become the first batch of demonstration cities for the networking application project of public safety video surveillance construction in China, and received central subsidy funds.

　　In October 2016, the National Innovation Work Conference on Comprehensive Management of Social Security was deployed to carry out the "discerning project" construction in an all-round way.

　　In June 2017, the national "Xueliang Project" construction promotion meeting was held in Linyi City.

　　In October 2017, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed "implementing the strategy of rural revitalization".

　　According to the No.1 Document of the Central Committee this year, building a safe village is an important guarantee for implementing the rural revitalization strategy.

　　"Strengthening public security management and promoting rural areas ‘ Discerning project ’ Building and building a safe countryside has become the top priority of current rural work. " Experts interviewed by reporters believe that.

　　Legislation clarifies the incentive mechanism and responsibility mechanism.

　　In April 2015, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Social Security Prevention and Control System, which proposed that "outstanding problems should be solved by legal means", closely focusing on the overall needs of strengthening the construction of social security prevention and control system, and promoting the establishment, revision, abolition and interpretation of relevant laws and regulations and the formulation and improvement of relevant policies.

　　The opinion also requires that "all localities should be guided by major issues, and timely introduce relevant local laws and regulations and local government regulations for key and difficult issues in the field of social security governance to promote solutions from the rule of law".

　　In the "Several Opinions on Strengthening the Networking Application of Public Security Video Surveillance Construction" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Central Comprehensive Management Office, "perfecting laws, regulations and policies" is one of the requirements.

　　The specific requirements are: "Work hard to formulate and promulgate the Administrative Regulations on Security Technology Prevention, improve policies and measures, and standardize the construction, networking and information use of public security video surveillance systems in key public areas and key industries and fields."

　　In addition, it is necessary to speed up the legislative work on video image information security, data protection and personal privacy protection.

　　In this regard, Yang Jianshun said that according to the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Comprehensively Promoting Several Major Issues of Governing the Country by Law" deliberated and adopted by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, in order to fully perform government functions in accordance with the law, the administrative organs must adhere to their statutory duties, and the government must purchase, install and manage public security video surveillance in order to manage social security. Therefore, these facilities belong to the basic public service facilities that the government should provide.

　　In Yang Jianshun’s view, promoting the construction of "discerning project" in rural areas is an important embodiment of the government’s administrative functions, and it needs corresponding manpower, material resources and financial resources to ensure the performance of government functions.

　　"After being identified as the function of the government, it is necessary to further determine the specific division of responsibilities. ‘ Discerning project ’ It is the common responsibility of the central and local governments, mainly the responsibility of local governments. Among them, the central government is responsible for the supply of the system, including the responsibility of formulating laws and regulations, and the local government is specifically responsible for installation, management and maintenance. " Yang Jianshun told the reporter of the Legal Daily.

　　Yang Jianshun believes that it should be the responsibility of the central government for the construction of the "discerning project" in poverty-stricken areas and the establishment and networking of public security video surveillance databases.

　　In Ding Wen’s view, to promote the construction of "discerning project" in rural areas, relevant institutional mechanisms should be kept up, including legislation to establish incentive mechanisms and responsibility mechanisms.

　　Ding Wen believes that the responsibility for the construction of the "discerning project" in rural areas should be hierarchical, and governments at different levels have corresponding responsibilities and obligations. For example, the county-level government is more responsible for the planning, investment, networking and management of information systems of the "discerning project" within its administrative division, while the rural level is more responsible for the management, maintenance and information uploading of related facilities within its jurisdiction.

　　"The corresponding responsibilities and obligations need to be clarified by legislation." Ding Wen told the reporter of the Legal Daily.

　　Cartography/Li Xiaojun