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　　Xinhua News Agency, Tokyo, August 14th (international observation) History must not be forgotten! Be alert to the trend of Japanese neo-militarism

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　On August 15th, 1945, Japan declared its unconditional surrender. The Nanjing Massacre that shocked the world, the infamous 731 Japanese troops invading China, and the inhuman "three light policies" & HELIP; … The Japanese invaders committed countless heinous crimes in China. However, Japan selectively "forgets" history, and only emphasizes itself as a "victim of war" in commemorative activities such as the Hiroshima nuclear explosion. Some Japanese politicians also openly pay homage to the Yasukuni Shrine, which honors Class-A war criminals of World War II. Since last year, the Kishida government has made major adjustments to its security foreign policy, which has pushed Japan to the wrong path of abandoning pacifism and returning to militarism.

　　Analysts pointed out that Japan’s new militaristic trend not only made the Japanese people panic and uneasy, but also aggravated the vigilance and worry of Asian neighbors and the international community about Japan’s future development direction. On the occasion of the 78th anniversary of Japan’s defeat, Japan should deeply reflect on its historical guilt, remember the historical lessons and avoid going further and further on the wrong road.

　　Breaking the post-war taboo and seeking military loosening

　　Since the end of World War II, the Japanese right wing has never given up the dream of a political power and the dream of a military power. However, the clause in Article 9 of the Japanese Peace Constitution about "giving up war, giving up the use of force, and not retaining land, sea and air and other combat forces" has put on Japan a "tight spell" of "defending exclusively" and has become an obstacle for the Japanese right wing to realize its dream.

　　On May 3rd, people held a procession and rally to protect the Constitution in Youming Disaster Prevention Park in Tokyo, Japan. They put up slogans and flags that protect the Constitution, oppose strengthening the army and expanding its arms, do not fight back, and oppose amending the Constitution, calling for protecting the Constitution and peace. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Xiaoyu photo

　　However, since the end of last year, the Kishida government has successively broken many taboos, actually overhead the peace constitution and realized the military loosening. First of all, through the new version of the National Security Strategy and other three security policy documents (referred to as the "three documents"), we seek to gain "the ability to attack enemy bases", break through the peaceful constitutional constraints and "defend exclusively" commitments, marking a major change in Japan’s security policy after the war. Secondly, it is determined to substantially increase the defense expenditure to match the military expansion, and plans to achieve the goal that defense expenditure accounts for 2% of GDP in fiscal year 2027, breaking the convention that the Japanese government basically followed after the war that defense expenditure accounts for no more than 1%. Third, lift the ban on arms exports. The "Three Principles of Arms Export" which prohibited Japan from exporting weapons after the war was replaced by the "Three Principles of Defence Equipment Transfer" during the reign of former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. Now, the "Three Documents" propose to revise the "Three Principles of Defence Equipment Transfer" and its detailed rules in an attempt to greatly relax arms export restrictions.

　　The signs of Japan’s military expansion and preparation for war have triggered Japanese public criticism and public concern. Japan’s anti-war peace organization "Peace Ideas and Suggestions Conference" issued a statement saying that the "three documents" will once again make Japan a country capable of waging war, thus inciting an arms race in East Asia, which is extremely dangerous. Yan Haohou, an honorary professor at Yamaguchi University in Japan, believes that the "three documents" will aggravate the tension between Japan and its Asian neighbors.

　　Upgrade Japan-US alliance and link NATO eastward.

　　In recent years, the United States has led the construction of a "quadrilateral mechanism" among the United States, Japan, India and Australia in the Asia-Pacific region, and has formed a "small circle" to encourage camp confrontation.

　　On February 28th, in Tokyo, Japan, Japanese people held placards to protest the passage of the high defense budget by the Japanese House of Representatives. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Dan photo

　　Since taking office, the Kishida government has been bent on following the United States, willing to be the United States in Depth Charge in the Asia-Pacific region. The new version of the "three documents" on security upgrades the military alliance between Japan and the United States, and switches from the original "defending the US attack on Japan" to the "attacking and defending together" mode. To this end, Japan will purchase and install a large number of American Tomahawk cruise missiles in the next five years, and develop high-speed gliding bombs and hypersonic missiles. Kishida’s abacus is to be humble and small in front of the United States, take the opportunity to expand armaments, and step forward to a "normal country" and a "military power."

　　The Kishida government has also actively expanded multilateral military cooperation. In addition to cooperating with the United States to build a "quadrilateral mechanism" among the United States, Japan, India and Australia, the US-Japan-ROK military alliance, the US-Japan-Australia, the US-Japan-Philippines and other small multilateral mechanisms, it has also linked NATO countries to intervene in Asia-Pacific affairs, including holding joint military exercises with NATO countries in the Asia-Pacific region and Kishida himself attending NATO summits twice. At the NATO summit in July this year, Japan and NATO reached an agreement on a new military cooperation plan, upgraded the previous plan, and added new contents such as cyber defense, coping with emerging technological challenges such as artificial intelligence, and space security. The cooperation areas increased from 9 to 16. However, at this meeting, NATO’s proposal to set up a liaison office in Japan, which attracted much attention, was not passed due to opposition from France and others.

　　The trip to Kishida’s NATO summit was strongly opposed by many Japanese people. Protesters criticized NATO as a war group, which would only pose a threat to world peace. The frequent interaction between Kishida’s government and NATO was to introduce war into the Asia-Pacific region. Bi Valerian said that Japan’s approach to NATO and the creation of tension in Asia violated its commitment to China when China and Japan concluded a treaty of peace and friendship 45 years ago.

　　Rendering "Taiwan Province has something" to incite regional tension

　　It’s the consistent behavior of some Japanese politicians to follow the US strategy of "controlling China with Taiwan" and deliberately intervene in the Taiwan Province issue. Taro Aso, vice-president of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan, made wild remarks during his visit to Taiwan Province this month, exaggerating the tension in the Taiwan Strait, provoking confrontation and rudely interfering in China’s internal affairs.

　　Aso’s remarks during his flight to Taiwan were strongly criticized by people of insight in Japan. Saionji, a representative of the Future-China Research Association, issued a protest statement saying that Aso’s rude words and deeds were naked hostile remarks against China, which violated the Japanese Constitution which renounced the right to participate in the war, the Japan-China Joint Statement and the Japan-China Treaty of Peace and Friendship, and undermined peace and stability in Northeast Asia.

　　Tomoyuki Quanchuan, a special researcher at the Institute of Regional Studies of Okinawa University in Japan, said that Taiwan Province is not a part of Japan, and the Taiwan Province issue is his internal affair. Aso is the platform of Democratic Progressive Party authorities, and his irresponsible remarks will involve Okinawa in the war, which is extremely immoral.

　　On April 25, in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Tokyo, Japan, Okinawa Prefecture Councillor Dangshan Shengli (third from left) was interviewed by reporters. On April 24th and 25th, respectively, in Tokyo, Japan, a delegation of members from Okinawa Prefecture submitted a resolution on peaceful diplomacy adopted by the prefectural assembly to the Japanese Defense Ministry, the Cabinet Office of Japan and the Japanese Foreign Ministry, calling on the Japanese government not to turn Okinawa into a battlefield, but to solve the problem peacefully through dialogue and diplomacy. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Xiaoyu photo

　　In recent years, the Japanese government has stepped up efforts to build the southwestern islands, including Okinawa Prefecture, into military fortresses. In March this year, the Ground Self-Defense Force opened a base in Ishigaki Island and deployed garrison and missile units, claiming to fill the long-standing defense gap. This is another base set up by the Self-Defense Forces in the southwest islands after Nagano Island, Miyako Island and Amami Island. In addition, according to the United States-Japan joint operational plan about the so-called "something happened to Taiwan Province" exposed in December 2021, the United States will set up military bases for attacks in the southwest islands with the support of Japan, and there are about 40 candidate sites.

　　The above actions were strongly opposed by Okinawa residents. They criticized the Japanese government for excessively strengthening its defense and military forces, making them feel that Okinawa may once again become a battlefield. The Governor of Okinawa Prefecture, Yucheng Denny, issued the Peace Declaration at the memorial ceremony for the Okinawa war dead in June this year, saying that the Japanese government has continuously strengthened its defense forces in Okinawa, making the Okinawa people with deep war memories uneasy, and hoped that the Japanese government could ease regional tensions through dialogue. These statements clearly show that Okinawa residents want an island of peace, not a military fortress.

Directed by Rene Liu, supervised by Zhang Yibai, and starring Jing Bo Ran, Zhou Dongyu and Tian Zhuangzhuang, the film is being shown. Since the beginning of the road show, the film has set up post-mailboxes in about 1,750 campuses and cinemas all over the country, setting up a platform for the audience to tell their feelings, recording the once beautiful feelings, saying goodbye to the past in a friendly way and cherishing the present. These emotional stories have also been compiled into a special video, which was released today.

It is reported that since the beginning, the film has received tens of thousands of postcards written by the audience. Although the words are simple, the feelings contained in them are sour. In this regard, director Rene Liu said: "Thank you for sharing these regrets, misses, joys and rejoicing with me. I hope this small mailbox can receive your precious story. " At the same time, since the film was released, it has broken records one after another. Up to now, the film has won the single-day box office champion for 10 consecutive days, and the box office has exceeded 1.2 billion, and director Rene Liu has also become the only female directors of Billion Club.

　

After ten thousand viewers delivered it, they shared real and touching emotional stories in the mailbox.

Since April 12, the film Later Us has set up a post-it mailbox in about 1,750 campuses and cinemas all over the country, setting up a platform for the audience to tell their feelings, recording their once beautiful feelings, saying goodbye to the past in a friendly way and cherishing the present. According to statistics, since the beginning of the event, the mailbox has received postcards written by tens of thousands of viewers. The film side collected these touching memories, good wishes and regrets, and compiled them into a two-minute video, which was released today. In the video, some viewers wrote their own pictures of youth, pictures of delivering postcards, and pictures of tearful memories and blessings. Just looking at them makes people feel sore. "It’s true to miss you, and it’s true to miss you", "It’s a pity to leave him, but I don’t regret it" and "I still can’t let him go". Without any rhetorical modification, these heartfelt love words are the simplest and most touching. The audience who watched the movie were also moved by the sincere feelings of the movie, and wrote down their love feelings in the mailbox later. The past will eventually pass, and the present is the best time.

Although most of the later "we" are full of regrets, like a cruel spell, there are always exceptions to good love. During the road show, a couple came to the scene with their young children to share their love journey: "We met in 1999, and we have experienced a lot from high school to college. Now we have our own baby. Although there are many difficulties, these are nothing to mention in the face of love. Finally, the boy knelt down and made a sweet confession: "We will continue for the next twenty years, will you?"

　

"Later Us" broke the record one after another and won the Japanese box office championship for ten consecutive days.

In the special, director Rene Liu, like other audiences, was moved by these touching loves and once choked up. At the same time, she generously revealed the original intention of shooting: "I hope that this film will make you remember a moment of your own in a certain scene, which is what I want to do most when shooting this film." At the end of the video, she also said to all the audience who shared it: "Thank you, and you are willing to share these regrets, misses, happiness and joy with us. I hope this small mailbox can receive your precious story. "

Cover journalist Wang Guoping

After nearly half a century of humiliation, Zhenyuan Iron Anchor finally returned to its homeland. Now it lies quietly in the People’s Revolutionary Military Museum in China, Beijing, for Chinese people to pay their respects. It is like a thorn to warn the world at any time.

In 1895, the Qing government was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War, and Zhenyuan Ship, once the backbone of Beiyang Navy, was captured by the Japanese army and incorporated into the Japanese naval fleet. After serving in Japan for many years, it was disintegrated in Yokohama on April 6, 1912.

In order to show off its achievements, Japan displayed the big iron anchor on Zhenyuan ship in Ueno Park in Tokyo after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.

Until 1945, after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression’s victory, as a victorious country, Zhenyuan Iron Anchor finally returned to China at the request of China naval personnel.

At that time, with Zhenyuan anchor, there were 34 Japanese warships of various types after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

Zhenyuan anchor, which has experienced humiliation, witnessed the smoke of war for half a century, and also witnessed the reversal of the national movement between China and Japan. As Jun Boli wrote in his commentary on Zhenyuan Iron Anchor, this is a historical testimony of Chinese people’s heroic resistance to imperialist aggression and their glorious victory.

Zhenyuan ship anchor exhibited in Junbo. The anchor weighs 4 tons and is 4.15 meters long. Compared with other exhibits in the museum, there are far fewer tourists who pay attention to the anchor.

1. The giant ship shocked Japan in East Asia to suffer from "fear of distance"

Dingyuan and Zhenyuan, two armored ships of Beiyang Navy, once opened the most glorious era of China’s modern navy.

On August 7, 1886, Ding Ruchang led Dingyuan, Zhenyuan and other ships to patrol Busan, Yuanshan, North Korea and Vladivostok, Russia, and led the fleet into Nagasaki, Japan for maintenance on the way home. According to Japanese historical records, the visit of these two giant ships even caused "fear of’ setting a distance’ and’ town far’" among Japanese people at that time, which caused a feeling of resentment, envy and fear in Japan.

Dingyuan Ship and Zhenyuan Ship, as symbols of the naval strength of the Qing Dynasty, led beiyang fleet to patrol Vladivostok in the north and Hong Kong and Singapore in the south every year, visited Saigon and the Philippines several times, and arrived in Southeast Asian countries and regions such as Singapore, showing the presence of China’s naval forces in the East China Sea and the South China Sea.

After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Zhenyuan ship captured by the Japanese army was repaired in Lushun dock, and its iron anchor at the bow was clearly visible.

2. Defeated and captured giant anchors show public humiliation

After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Zhenyuan Ship was captured by the Japanese on February 17th, 1895.

On February 27th, 1895, Zhenyuan Ship was towed to Lushun by Japanese ship Xijing Maru. From March 26th to June 1st, the machine parts and hull were overhauled. On July 4th, Zhenyuan arrived in Yokosuga to change weapons.

On March 16, 1895, Zhenyuan was formally incorporated into the Japanese fleet, still using the name Zhenyuan, and was listed as a second-class warship on March 21.

Since then, Zhenyuan Ship, as a member of the Japanese fleet, participated in the battle of Lushun, the battle of the Yellow Sea and the naval battle against Malaysia in the Russo-Japanese War. And Zhenyuan was formed by Japanese ships such as "Yandao" and "Qiaoli", which were sworn enemies ten years ago.

On December 12, 1905, the old Zhenyuan ship was listed as a first-class coastal defense ship. On April 1, 1911, it was registered as a target ship for testing new weapons. It disintegrated in Yokohama on April 6, 1912.

Zhenyuan Ship served in the Japanese Navy for 17 years.

In order to show off the victory, after the Sino-Japanese War, Japan removed the anchors of Zhenyuan and another Beiyang Navy Jingyuan ship, transported them to Japan, erected them in Ueno Park in Tokyo, and placed 10 warheads of Zhenyuan ship’s main gun around the anchors, which were welded to Zhenyuan ship’s anchor chain for 20 fathoms, and set up a naval battle inscription to humiliate Chinese.

Ueno Park, a famous scenic spot in Japan, often appears in the diaries and notes of many Japanese students studying in Japan after the late Qing Dynasty.

In 1906, a young man named Cheng Gan "went to Japan to examine technology medicine" and also went to Ueno Park.

Cheng Gan said in his diary that since the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Japanese have exhibited these trophies everywhere. "One is to restore martial arts, and the other is to encourage people to do things afterwards, even with the density of their hearts."

At that time, Chinese, who went to Japan, "mostly avoided the road because of things related to national humiliation, or ran away when he saw it, fearing that he could not compare with it."

Japanese painting: Zhenyuan ship arrived in Yokosuga as a trophy after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.

3. "claim it back immediately to remove the shame."

In 1945, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression won an all-round victory, and the United States, China, Britain and the Soviet Union formed an Allied Committee to deal with post-war issues. At that time, the Japanese government sent a huge delegation to Japan.

In March, 1947, Navy Major Zhong Hanbo was ordered to go to Japan to serve as the chief military attache of the first group (military group) of the China delegation.

Before departure, Gui Yongqing, commander-in-chief of the navy, summoned Zhong Hanbo in Nanjing and explained one thing: "After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, our navy lost, and Zhenyuan and Jingyuan were captured by the Japanese, and their anchors, anchor chains and shells were displayed in Ueno Park, which was a national shame of our country."

Gui Yongqing asked Zhong Hanbo to "claim it back immediately in order to get rid of shame" after he arrived in Japan. Zhong Hanbo vowed to complete the task.

On March 9, 1947, after Zhong Hanbo arrived in Japan, he made it a top priority to retrieve the iron anchor. However, the process of asking for the relics of the Sino-Japanese War to return to China was not smooth.

Before Zhong Hanbo, the third group (economic group) of the delegation tried to handle it, but it was unsuccessful.

Zhong Hanbo found in the archives that at that time, the headquarters of the Allied Forces stipulated that the military and civilian assets of the Allied Forces plundered by Japan in wartime were only during the Second World War, and for China, the time was from September 18, 1931 to September 9, 1945.

Allied headquarters refused to file a case on the grounds of exceeding the time limit. At the same time, MacArthur’s claim to China’s cable anchor is not supported.

4. "The ship anchor return case has been completed"

After summing up his previous experience, Zhong Hanbo invited Long Zuoliang, an expert on Japanese issues in the China delegation, and Mr. Wei, a legal expert, to demonstrate the idea of cable anchor and find the basis.

On March 28, 1947, after full preparation, Zhong Hanbo went to see the tough American Colonel Pass, the leader of the second group of Allied headquarters.

For this meeting, Zhong Hanbo has a wonderful account in his memoir "The Mission of Military Attaché Abroad". At that time, Pass still said that he could not accept the case on the grounds of exceeding the time limit. Zhong Hanbo elaborated on the reasons for his claim, which mainly meant that China was a victorious country in the Second World War and ranked among the top four. If the Allied headquarters still used the war time limit as an excuse, it would be right for Japan to continue to display the spoils of Zhenyuan anchor captured in the Sino-Japanese War to show off the traces of militarism. If the case is not filed, China will seek unofficial communication methods to remove the stigma.

At the same time, Zhong Hanbo also stressed that the anchors, shells and anchor chains of Zhenyuan and Jingyuan ships have been displayed in Ueno Park in Tokyo for decades, which is tantamount to a militaristic "education", "enlightenment" and "encouragement" for Japanese people. It is absolutely in line with the policy of the allied headquarters to recover the ship anchor and other things, and it is helpful to completely eliminate the principle of Japanese militaristic thought, and should not be bound by the definition during the Second World War.

A week later, Zhong Hanbo came to the second group of allied headquarters again. This time, the duty officer clearly told him that the ship anchor return case had been completed and handed a copy of the memorandum to Zhong Hanbo.

The memo reads: At 9: 00 a.m. on May 1, 1947, a ship anchor return ceremony was held at Tokyo’s Shipyard.

5. Zhenyuan Iron Anchor Military Expo Exhibition

At the end of April, when Zhong Hanbo went to Ueno Park in Tokyo, all the relics of the Sino-Japanese War, such as iron anchors, had been taken away.

At 9: 00 am on May 1st, the handover ceremony of the Sino-Japanese War relics was held at Tokyo’s Zhipu Wharf as scheduled. At the ceremony, representatives from China, the United States and Japan were sent.

Captain Miller of the US Far East Naval Command handed over the document to Zhong Hanbo for signature, proving that he had received 2 anchors from Zhenyuan and Jingyuan ships, 20 anchor chains and 10 artillery warheads. Liu Guangping, the first naval captain of the Japanese delegation in China, and Liu Yusheng, a member of the third team, were also present.

As a historic moment, Zhong Hanbo took a photo with the iron anchor at Tokyo’s Zhipu Wharf.

After the signing ceremony, Zhong Hanbo returned to the station, submitted the original signing to the team leader, and the team leader checked it and filed it.

According to the arrangement, this batch of Sino-Japanese War relics was transported back to China in two times. The first batch, including 20 anchor chains with a total length of 53 meters, was repackaged in 10 boxes and 10 artillery warheads. The customs anti-smuggling ship "Feixing" was transported back to Shanghai on May 4, 1947. The second batch, including two ship anchors, each with four tons, arrived in Shanghai by the ship "Longshun" on October 23rd.

It is worth mentioning that both Feixing and Longshun were plundered by the Japanese from China during the Anti-Japanese War, and they were returned to China this time.

For this batch of Sino-Japanese War relics returned to China, the China media at that time followed up. On July 15th, 1947, Shenbao reported on the process of Zhenyuan Iron Anchor’s return to China with the title of "The Great Iron Anchor’s majestic posture is still beyond recognition". Along with the report, it also published two photos of the iron anchor in the cabin.

On July 15, 1947, the photo of two iron anchors in the returning cabin was reported and published. Unfortunately, the anchor of another Jingyuan ship was later lost in the war.

After returning to China, these relics of the Sino-Japanese War were transported to Qingdao Naval Academy as the material evidence of revenge.

A few years later, when the war of liberation began, these relics were lost again. After liberation in 1949, the People’s Liberation Army found Zhenyuan iron anchor among the piles of untreated wastes on the dock through the introduction of dock workers in Qingdao Port.

In 1959, Zhenyuan Iron Anchor was sent to China People’s Revolutionary Military Museum for exhibition.

If you analyze it carefully, you can still see an obvious welding trace on the anchor handle. In the war that year, this iron anchor was smashed and ready to be sold as scrap iron. That welding trace is the scar left after repairing the iron anchor.

Due to the limited scope of Zhong Hanbo’s search, there are still two Zhenyuan relics in Japan today: the first anchor of Zhenyuan ship, and the existing Yoshinozu Shrine in Okayama, Japan; Zhenyuan ship 305 mm shells, the existing Japanese "Sandali" ship park.

An obvious welding trace can also be seen on the anchor handle of Zhenyuan anchor. In the war that year, this iron anchor was smashed and ready to be sold as scrap iron.

6. The China Navy finally avenged itself after the Sino-Japanese War.

In May, 1947, the relics of Zhenyuan and Jingyuan, which had endured great humiliation in Japan for nearly 50 years, set sail for home. Along with Zhenyuan anchor, there were 34 Japanese ships, including the destroyer Yukikaze, which was regarded as a meritorious ship by the Japanese navy.

After World War II, the remaining destroyers, patrol ships and transport ships of the Japanese navy were divided among the top four countries of China, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union as part of Japan’s compensation.

At that time, 135 Japanese ships were selected, which were divided into four parts according to tonnage, and the four countries drew lots to decide.

At that time, China won eight warships, including the two destroyers "Night Moon" and "Yukikaze" with the largest displacement among Japanese ships at that time.

On July 1, 1976, eight Japanese compensation ships flying the Japanese captive flag and the Japanese flag set sail for China.

At 2 o’clock on the afternoon of July 3, eight ships arrived in Shanghai. Since then, China has accepted three batches of 26 Japanese ships.

Thirty-four Japanese warships totaled 30,500 tons, and the China Navy finally got its revenge after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894.

Chen Yue, a scholar of Sino-Japanese War, told the cover journalist that during his academic visit to Japan, a Japanese professor told him that War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression’s victory in 1945 was China’s total victory against Japanese aggression.

According to this Japanese professor, since the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, Japan has never given up its aggression against China, and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is a continuation of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894. Under such a big time and space background, China has won the overall victory against aggression, while Japan has always been defeated.

As Jun Boli wrote in his commentary on Zhenyuan Iron Anchor, this is a historical testimony of Chinese people’s heroic resistance to imperialist aggression and their glorious victory.

　 　 Special feature of 1905 film network 　There is a kind of movie that you can never create suspense, a kind of movie audience won’t worry about the protagonist, and a kind of movie that you can’t modify everything in the script at will. This is a biographical movie. You can’t let Lincoln lose the Civil War, you can’t let Kennedy survive the shooting, and you can’t let Bruce Lee enjoy his old age.

　 　 Therefore, it is difficult to get high marks for biographical films. Even Morgan Freeman can’t save biographical films. In that year, Mandela, starring him, made the audience sleepy, but Steve Jobs, starring Michael Fassbender in 2015, became a rare boutique in biographical films.

　 　 Throughout the whole film Steve Jobs, there is no plot to waste the audience’s time, no time-consuming and laborious narration of Steve Jobs’s life, and no description of the obvious fact of how Apple succeeded. The film only tells the fragments of three press conferences.

　 　 And put all his energy into portraying Jobs’ rather extreme personal character.

　 　 The first press conference about the film was the first generation of Macintosh computers. At that time, when Jobs was in his prime, he denied that Lisa was his daughter, and even gave the surprising conclusion that 28% of men in the United States might be the father of his daughter Lisa.

　 　 His expectation of product sales is also extremely outrageous, which is ten times or even a hundred times larger than the actual sales. His attitude towards technicians and business partners is extremely bad, and he even threatens others by destroying his reputation in order to achieve the demonstration effect.

　 　 Joanna, who followed him around all the time, couldn’t have imagined that this housekeeper was played by Kate Winslet, a beautiful woman. Of course, if you look closely, it is still beautiful, and the later the film, the more beautiful Kate becomes.

　　　　　　　　

　 　 Another highlight of this film is that the director didn’t shoot the official demo clips of each conference. Although all the props, venues and audiences were in place, he just didn’t shoot the actual release, which is what makes this film amazing.

　

　 　 Because you don’t need to shoot it, you don’t need film and television language to describe it. Everyone knows that Jobs’ press conference has never failed, his company has failed, and he has failed as a man. But it is the press conference that he reached 30 years ago, and no one has yet surpassed it. Even ten years after his death, Apple’s new product launch is still the focus of the world.

　　　　　　　　　

　 　 The second press conference in the film was after Jobs was kicked out of Apple. At that time, in order to return to Apple, the ambitious Jobs released a competitive product of Apple computer and named it the Black Box.

　 　 Half an hour before the press conference, it was the same partners and the familiar mom Joanna. This time, Jobs, as paranoid as a few years ago, was entangled in every detail and even began to challenge the laws of physics for a perfect cube.

　

　 　 However, in some things, he is more mature than a few years ago, at least now he won’t humiliate programmers anymore. Unfortunately, the formal suit at this conference was a bit of a steal. After all, Michael Fassbender’s beauty is really beyond Jobs’ comparison, and with a slim black suit, I believe the female fans are screaming inside.

　　　　　　　　

　 　 Time went by in 1998, and the third press conference of this film began. This time, Jobs had returned to Apple and once again took control of everything. In business, his ambition for many years was finally realized. Even on the eve of the press conference, he was qualified to call Bill Gates a useless bastard.

　

　 　 Unfortunately, from the colleague’s point of view, Jobs is the complete jerk, even if he is a genius, he can’t hide it.

　 　 Treat friends for many years, treat partners who silently support him every time. He is still the heartless person ten years ago. The only thing that has changed is his attitude towards his daughter. In fact, his paranoid personality is also related to his tortuous life experience and unfortunate childhood experience.

　 　 Jobs finally had a soft side in his heart. He finally decided to make a music product called ipod for his daughter to replace the ugly walkman.

　 　 Now, Steve Jobs has been dead for ten years, and the iphone has finally got rid of the panel design when he was alive. Apple is still the unique unicorn company in the world, but it is still too early to comment on Steve Jobs’ contribution to the whole world. Maybe a century later, people will feel completely different when they come to see this film again.

According to Agence France-Presse, the Thai military leader announced in a live television broadcast on the 22nd that a military coup would be launched from that day, and the military-controlled peacekeeping command announced that it would seize all the powers of the caretaker government to "prevent further conflicts and sacrifices". This is the 20th military coup in Thailand since 1932.

Thailand’s "National Daily" website also reported that Thai military leader Ba Yu announced a military coup in a live TV broadcast at 5 pm local time on the 22nd (6 pm Beijing time). Ba Yu said that the armed forces are about to seize power after months of political turmoil.

He said that in order to get the country back to normal order as soon as possible, the Thai National Peacekeeping Committee, composed of the military, the Thai armed forces, the air force and the police, needs to seize power at 4: 30 pm on May 22 (5: 30 pm Beijing time).

On May 22nd, the meeting of Thai military, caretaker government, House of Lords, Election Committee, People’s Committee for Thai Party, Democratic Party, anti-government organization and Anti-dictatorship Democratic Alliance (Red Shirt Army) broke down, and the leaders of the seven organizations attending the meeting were controlled by the military and left the Army Club in a van, temporarily missing. According to Xinhua News Agency, the Thai military has detained the demonstration leaders and government officials who participated in the talks.

At present, the street fighting between the "Yellow Shirt Army" and the "Red Shirt Army" in Thailand has basically stopped.

Soldiers and monks on the streets of Thailand

During the feudal monarchy in Thailand, except for large-scale foreign military aggression, the change of dynasties was relatively stable. However, after the first military coup in June 1932, Thailand has had 20 military coups, promulgated 17 constitutions, held 26 general elections and formed about 50 cabinets. It can be said that the modern history of Thailand is a history of military coup.

Attachment: List of coup history in Thailand since 1932

The first coup: From June 24th to June 27th, 1932, in order to change the autocratic monarchy, the People’s Party from the army launched a coup, and finally the People’s Party Committee appointed the conservative judge Piet Manubagong as the Prime Minister, also known as the Constitutional Revolution in Thailand.

Second coup: On June 20, 1933, contradictions occurred within the People’s Party, and finally the coup leader Pierre Paavon became the prime minister, and the strongman Mao Piwen began to emerge.

The third coup: from October 11 to October 15, 1933, the royal family staged a coup to urge the military government to hand over power, which was finally suppressed, and the status of Mao Piwen rose rapidly thereafter.

The fourth coup: On November 8, 1947, the old department of Mao Piwen accused the literati regime of being responsible for the death of King Rama VIII, and Mao Piwen went out again.

Fifth coup: On October 1, 1948, factional struggle within the military triggered a coup, and the coup leader was finally arrested.　

Sixth coup: On February 26, 1949, due to dissatisfaction with the accusation of the death of King Rama VIII, Thai navy soldiers staged a coup, and the coup leader was finally arrested.　

Seventh coup d’ é tat: From June 29th to July 2nd, 1951, the Thai navy staged a coup to protest against the government’s reduction of naval expenditure, which was finally suppressed by force.

Eighth coup: On November 29th, 1951, the military expressed dissatisfaction with the 1949 Constitution, which was eventually abolished and restored to the 1932 Constitution.

Ninth coup d’ é tat: On September 16th, 1957, due to fraud in the general election, the army staged a coup to overthrow the government of Mao Piwen and appointed a civilian as the prime minister of the transitional government.

Tenth coup: On October 20th, 1958, because the Prime Minister was unable to cope with the internal contradictions of the government, the military staged another coup, and soldier Sarit Thanarat came to power and took over the state’s military and political power.

Eleventh coup: On November 17, 1971, thanom kittikachorn, the prime minister of the military government, staged a coup against the parliament’s revision of the military government budget. In 1968, the constitution was abolished and the parliament was dissolved.

Twelfth coup: On October 14, 1973, King Bhumibol announced that he would withdraw his support for the military government, and thanom kittikachorn had to go into exile.

13th coup d’ é tat: On October 6, 1976, Admiral Chaloryoo of the Ministry of National Defense staged a coup on the pretext that there were communist party people in the cabinet, and then the military appointed Tanin Gaiwei, a conservative judge, to move out as prime minister, and the army actually took power, and communist party, Thailand, went downhill from then on.

14th coup d’ é tat: On March 26th, 1977, different factions in the army staged a coup d’ é tat over the distribution of military posts. The coup d’ é tat was shattered after only six hours, and the mastermind, General Chala, was executed.

Fifteenth coup: On October 20, 1977, Admiral Shae Charoru staged a coup because the Prime Minister interfered with military affairs. After the coup was successful, General Jiangsa Chamanan was appointed as Prime Minister.

Sixteenth coup: From April 1 to April 3, 1981, Chipatima, deputy chief of staff of the Army, staged a military coup because of differences of opinion, which was finally suppressed by troops loyal to the government.

Seventeenth coup: Manon, one of the leaders of the 16th coup in September, 1985, was unwilling to fail in the coup again, and finally the coup failed, and many senior Thai officials were arrested for being involved in this matter.

18th coup: On February 23rd, 1991, the government led by General chatichai choonhavan was overthrown by the military, and the regime fell into the hands of the National Peacekeeping Commission led by General Sunthorn Khongsompong.

19th coup d’ é tat: From September 19th to September 21st, 2006, the economic problems of Thaksin family triggered a political crisis. The military announced the dissolution of the cabinet led by Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, and the military organization took over the state power.

Twentieth coup: On May 22nd, 2014, Thai military leaders announced that they would seize all the powers of the caretaker government.

Regulations on safety management of reservoir dams

　　(Promulgated by Order No.77 of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China on March 22, 1991 and revised according to the Decision of the State Council on Abolishing and Amending Some Administrative Regulations on January 8, 2011)

Chapter I General Principles

　　the first　In order to strengthen the safety management of reservoir dams and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property and socialist construction, these Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Water Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).
　　the second　These Regulations shall apply to reservoir dams (hereinafter referred to as dams) with a dam height of more than 15 meters or a storage capacity of more than 1 million cubic meters in People’s Republic of China (PRC). Dams include permanent water retaining structures and flood discharge, water conveyance and ship passing structures that are used in conjunction with them.
　　Dam height below 15 meters, more than 10 meters or storage capacity below 1 million cubic meters and above 100,000 cubic meters, which is potentially dangerous to the safety of important towns, traffic trunk lines, important military facilities and industrial and mining areas, shall be managed with reference to these regulations.
　　Article　The water administrative department of the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the State Council, supervise the dam safety throughout the country. The water administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall, jointly with the relevant competent departments, supervise the dam safety within their respective administrative areas.
　　Water conservancy, energy, construction, transportation, agriculture and other relevant departments at all levels are the competent departments of dams under their jurisdiction.
　　Article 4　The people’s governments at all levels and their dam authorities shall be responsible for the safety of dams under their jurisdiction.
　　Article 5　The construction and management of dams should follow the principle of safety first.
　　Article 6　All units and individuals have the obligation to protect dam safety.

Chapter II Construction of Large Dams

　　Article 7　The construction of dams must conform to the technical standards for dam safety formulated by the water administrative department of the State Council in conjunction with the relevant dam authorities.
　　Article 8　Engineering design is necessary to build a dam. The engineering design of the dam must be undertaken by units with corresponding qualification certificates.
　　The engineering design of a dam shall include the design of management facilities such as engineering observation, communication, power, lighting, transportation and fire fighting.
　　Article 9　Dam construction must be undertaken by units with corresponding qualification certificates. The dam construction unit must carry out the construction in accordance with the design documents, drawing requirements and relevant technical standards stipulated in the construction contract.
　　The construction unit and design unit shall send representatives to supervise and inspect the construction quality. If the quality does not meet the design requirements, it must be reworked or remedial measures taken.
　　Article 10　When building a dam, the construction unit shall, in accordance with the approved design, request the people’s government at or above the county level to delimit the scope of management and protection in accordance with state regulations and set up signs.
　　Where the scope of management and protection has not been delineated for the built dam, the competent department of the dam shall, according to the needs of safety management, submit it to the people’s government at or above the county level for delineation.
　　Article 11　After the dam starts, the dam administrative department shall set up a dam management unit, which will participate in the quality inspection, dam division, sub-project acceptance and water storage acceptance in accordance with the acceptance procedures of the project capital construction.
　　After the completion of the dam, the construction unit shall apply to the competent department of the dam for organization and acceptance.

Chapter III Management of Large Dams

　　Article 12　Dams and their facilities are protected by the state, and no unit or individual may occupy or destroy them. The dam management unit shall strengthen the safety and security of the dam.
　　Article 13　It is forbidden to carry out activities that endanger dam safety, such as blasting, drilling wells, quarrying, mining, dredging, borrowing soil and repairing graves, within the scope of dam management and protection.
　　Article 14　Non-dam management personnel shall not operate the flood discharge gate, water conveyance gate and other facilities of the dam, and the dam management personnel shall abide by the relevant rules and regulations when operating. No unit or individual is allowed to interfere with the normal management of the dam.
　　Article 15　It is forbidden to cut trees in the catchment area of the dam, and to open up wasteland on steep slopes and other activities that lead to reservoir siltation. It is forbidden to reclaim land in the reservoir area and carry out activities that endanger the mountain, such as quarrying and borrowing soil.
　　Article 16　If the dam crest really needs to be used as a highway, it must be scientifically demonstrated and approved by the dam authorities, and corresponding safety maintenance measures should be taken.
　　Article 17　It is forbidden to build docks, channels, pile up sundries and dry grain and grass in the dam. The construction of wharves and fish ponds within the scope of dam management and protection shall be approved by the competent department of the dam, and a certain distance shall be kept from the dam foot and the drainage and water delivery structures, which shall not affect the dam safety, project management and emergency rescue work.
　　Article 18　The competent department of dam shall be equipped with dam safety management personnel with corresponding professional level.
　　Dam management units shall establish and improve safety management rules and regulations.
　　Article 19　Dam management units must carry out safety monitoring and inspection of dams in accordance with relevant technical standards; The monitoring data should be sorted out and analyzed in time to keep abreast of the dam operation. When abnormal phenomena and unsafe factors are found, the dam management unit shall immediately report to the competent department of the dam and take timely measures.
　　Article 20　The dam management unit must do a good job in the maintenance and repair of the dam to ensure that the dam and gate opening and closing equipment are in good condition.
　　Article 21　The operation of the dam must give full play to its comprehensive benefits on the premise of ensuring safety. The dam management unit shall conduct the operation of the reservoir according to the approved plan and the instructions of the dam authorities.
　　In flood season, the comprehensive utilization of reservoirs must be subject to the unified command of flood control headquarters; The flood control capacity above the flood limit level and the flood dispatching operation of reservoirs mainly for power generation must obey the unified command of the flood control headquarters.
　　No unit or individual may illegally interfere with the operation of reservoirs.
　　Article 22　The competent department of the dam shall establish a regular safety inspection and appraisal system for the dam.
　　Before and after the flood season, and after the occurrence of storms, rainstorms, catastrophic floods or strong earthquakes, the dam authorities shall organize inspections on the safety of dams under their jurisdiction.
　　Article 23　The dam authorities shall register the dams under their jurisdiction on schedule and establish technical files. Measures for dam registration shall be formulated by the water administrative department of the State Council jointly with relevant departments.
　　Article 24　Dam management units and relevant departments shall make preparations for flood control and emergency rescue materials and forecast meteorological and hydrological conditions, and ensure smooth communication between the dam management units and the dam authorities and the flood control headquarters at higher levels.
　　Article 25　When the dam shows signs of danger, the dam management unit shall immediately report to the competent department of the dam and the flood control headquarters at a higher level, and take rescue measures; When there is danger of dam collapse, all measures should be taken to give an alarm to the expected dam collapse flooded area and do a good job of transfer.

Chapter IV Management of Dangerous Dams

　　Article 26　For dangerous dams that have not yet reached the design flood standards, seismic fortification standards or have serious quality defects, the dam authorities shall organize relevant units to classify them, take measures such as reinforcement, or abandon them for reconstruction.
　　Before the reinforcement of a dangerous dam, the dam management unit shall formulate emergency measures to protect the dam; If it is necessary to change the original design operation mode after demonstration, it shall be submitted to the dam authority for examination and approval.
　　Article 27　The dam authorities shall formulate a reinforcement plan for the dangerous dams under their jurisdiction that need to be reinforced, and eliminate the danger within a time limit; The relevant people’s governments shall give priority to the required funds and materials.
　　The reinforcement of dangerous dams must be designed by units with corresponding design qualification certificates, and implemented after examination and approval. After the reinforcement of dangerous dams is completed, the dam authorities shall organize the acceptance.
　　Article 28　The competent department of dams shall organize relevant units to estimate the possible dam collapse mode and inundation range of dangerous dams, formulate emergency plans and report them to the flood control headquarters for approval.

Chapter V Penalty Rules

　　Article 29　In violation of the provisions of these regulations, any of the following acts shall be ordered by the dam authorities to stop the illegal act, compensate for the losses, take remedial measures and may be fined; Should be given administrative penalties for public security, the public security organs shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Administration Punishment Law"; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:
　　(a) the destruction of the dam or its observation, communication, power, lighting, transportation, fire control and other management facilities;
　　(two) blasting, drilling wells, quarrying, mining, earth borrowing, dredging, grave repair and other activities endangering dam safety within the scope of dam management and protection;
　　(three) unauthorized operation of the dam flood gate, water gate and other facilities, undermining the normal operation of the dam;
　　(4) Reclaiming land in the reservoir area;
　　(five) the construction of docks, channels or debris piled up in the dam, drying grain and grass;
　　(six) unauthorized construction of docks and fish ponds within the scope of dam management and protection.
　　Article 30　Whoever steals or robs dam engineering facilities and equipment shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Law.
　　Article 31　Due to survey and design errors, poor construction quality, improper use of dispatching and abuse of power, dereliction of duty, resulting in dam accidents, the unit to which they belong or the competent authorities at a higher level shall give administrative sanctions to the responsible personnel; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
　　Article 32　If a party refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment, it may, within 15 days from the date of receiving the notice of punishment, apply for reconsideration to the organ at the next higher level of the organ that made the decision on punishment; Anyone who refuses to accept the reconsideration decision may bring a suit in a people’s court within 15 days from the date of receiving the reconsideration decision. The parties may also directly bring a suit in a people’s court within 15 days from the date of receiving the notice of punishment. If a party fails to apply for reconsideration or bring a suit in a people’s court within the time limit and fails to perform the punishment decision, the organ that made the punishment decision shall apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution.
　　Refuses to accept the punishment of public security management, in accordance with the provisions of the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Management Punishment Law".

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 33　The relevant departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate detailed rules for implementation according to these Regulations.
　　Article 34　These Regulations shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

　　[Global Times reporter Ying Chen] On the 10th local time, "freedom motorcade" protesters blocked the third crossing point between the United States and Canada. Their actions not only throw the trade between the United States and Canada into chaos, but also may affect US President Biden’s State of the Union address on March 1. In this context, the US government strongly urges the Canadian government to use federal power to solve the problem.

　　According to CNN and other media reports on the 11th, protesters blocked the Emerson border crossing between Manitoba, Canada and North Dakota with trucks and agricultural equipment on Thursday. Previously, the Kutz crossing point connecting Alberta, Canada and Montana, USA, and the Ambassador Bridge connecting Windsor, Ontario, Canada and Detroit, Michigan, USA were also blocked by "freedom motorcade" protesters.

　　Ambassador Bridge is the busiest international trade corridor in North America, carrying about a quarter of US-Canada trade. About 7,000 trucks carry about 300 million dollars of goods across the bridge every day. Ambassador Bridge is also the "artery" of the US-Canada auto parts supply chain, and the value of auto parts and finished cars passing through the bridge every day is about 50 million US dollars. After the blocking incident, Toyota and other large global car companies have suspended production in Canada.

　　Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau said on Thursday night that the blockade has damaged Canada’s economy. The US political news network said that this protest may make the supply chain crisis and high inflation rate in the United States continue to deteriorate. In addition, according to the BBC, the US Department of Homeland Security warned that the blockade may affect the Major League Football Finals held in Los Angeles on the 13th, and even affect Biden’s State of the Union speech.

　　The White House said that it was "monitoring" the border situation "very closely" and officials were "working around the clock, hoping to end the blockade as soon as possible". Senior officials such as the US Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of Transportation urged the Canadian government to use federal power to deal with the "freedom convoy" protests. The governor of Michigan called on the Canadian government to reopen the Ambassador Bridge. The US Department of Homeland Security also indicated that it would provide corresponding support for Canada.

　　Under the pressure of the U.S. government, the Ontario court in Canada has frozen the millions of dollars donated by the "Freedom Team" on the Internet. The Canadian government announced on Thursday that it would send more officials and allocate more resources to deal with protests across Canada.

　　The "freedom motorcade" protest in Ottawa has been going on for more than two weeks. As of Thursday, about 400 trucks were parked in downtown Ottawa. Canadians demand that law enforcement officers take more severe measures to disperse the protesters, but law enforcement officers are worried that this may aggravate the situation. They are also worried that demonstrators may carry weapons or use vehicles against the police. According to the authorities in Ottawa, it is believed that 25% of the protest vehicles carry children, which may complicate the response.

　　"Freedom Caravan" protests spread to many countries. On Friday, thousands of French protesters flocked to Paris from all over the world. France and Belgium said on Thursday that they would ban protest convoys from entering Paris and Brussels.

Notice of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing Several Provisions (Revised) on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry in Guangzhou No.1 [2020] Notice of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing Several Provisions (Revised) on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry in Guangzhou District People’s governments, municipal government departments and directly affiliated institutions: We hereby print and distribute "Several Provisions (Revised) on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry in Guangzhou" to you, please earnestly organize their implementation. Problems encountered in the implementation process, please report to the Municipal Development and Reform Commission. Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government February 22, 2020 Several Provisions on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry in Guangzhou (Revised) Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 In order to implement the national, provincial and municipal strategic emerging industry development plans and the Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry in Guangzhou, improve the coordination level and comprehensive competitiveness of industrial policies in Guangzhou, concentrate resources to promote the high-end, large-scale and intensive development of biomedical industry, and build a national new drug innovation source, a global new drug clinical trial gathering place and a global biomedical industry. Article 2 These Provisions shall apply to enterprises, institutions, social organizations, trade organizations (or consortia) registered in accordance with the law within the administrative area of this Municipality, engaged in research and development, production, circulation, service and other production and business activities in biomedical related fields, with independent legal personality, and other support objects decided by the municipal government. Chapter II Enhancing the Ability of Innovation and R&D Article 3 For biological products, 1-6 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines and 1-2 kinds of chemicals independently developed and transformed in this Municipality,(Innovate the classification and definition rules of drugs, and adjust them in time according to the drug registration and classification standards issued by National Medical Products Administration) Give financial support in stages, and support the projects in the preclinical research stage to be included in the municipal science and technology plan; After review, the newly-launched new drug project of phase I, II and III clinical research will be awarded with a maximum of 3 million yuan, 5 million yuan and 10 million yuan respectively according to the approved expenses. If the drug/medical device clinical trial institution in Guangzhou is entrusted to carry out clinical trials, the reward amount will be increased by 50%, with a maximum of 4.5 million yuan, 7.5 million yuan and 15 million yuan (for phase II and III clinical trials, Guangzhou) For the enterprises in this Municipality that have obtained the first registration certificates of the second and third types of medical device products, the first registration certificate of each product will be awarded a maximum of 3 million yuan and 5 million yuan respectively according to the approved expenses after review. (Leading unit: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, cooperating unit: Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Health and Health Commission, Finance Bureau) Article 4 Support the construction of important public service platforms such as drug non-clinical safety evaluation institutions (GLP), drug/medical device clinical trial institutions (GCP), clinical trial service platforms, clinical research hospitals with special professional requirements, pilot projects and production platforms in biomedical industry, and the subsidy amount shall not exceed 30% of the total project investment, and the single project shall not exceed 30%. (Leading unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, cooperating unit: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Market Supervision Bureau, Health and Wellness Commission, Finance Bureau)Article 5 The biomedical enterprises and institutions in this city that have passed the national GLP certification will be given a one-time reward. If the certification items that have obtained the GLP certification documents for drugs for the first time reach more than 3 items, more than 6 items and more than 9 items, they will be given 1 million yuan, 2 million yuan and 4 million yuan respectively. A one-time award of 2 million yuan will be given to the biomedical enterprises and institutions in this city that have been certified by the International Committee for Evaluation and Accreditation of Laboratory Animals (AAALAC) for the first time. (Leading unit: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, cooperating unit: Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Health and Wellness Commission, Finance Bureau) Article 6 If R&D service institutions such as local GLP, CRO, and pilot platform of biomedical industry provide services for biomedical enterprises in this city that have no investment relationship with the R&D service institutions, they will be rewarded according to 5% of the annual contract amount and invoice basis, with a maximum of 30 million yuan; If a biomedical enterprise outside the city that has no investment relationship with this R&D service institution is introduced to settle in Guangzhou and provide services for it, it will be rewarded according to 5% of the annual contract amount and invoice basis, with a maximum of 30 million yuan. GCP institutions that have completed more than 10, 20 and 30 clinical trials of new drugs each year will be rewarded with 1 million yuan, 2 million yuan and 3 million yuan respectively. If the Phase I clinical research ward is built and put into use, a one-time reward of 2 million yuan will be given. (Lead unit: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, and cooperating unit: Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Health and Wellness Commission and Finance Bureau)Chapter III Perfecting the Clinical Research Service System Article 7 Support tertiary medical institutions to set up research wards. Clinical research wards are not included in the management of the number of beds in medical institutions, and are not included in the assessment of bed efficiency, turnover rate and utilization rate, and clinical research beds are subsidized. Support the construction of an innovative drug clinical trial service center led by the government in the early stage and gradually transformed into an independent third-party organization. (Lead unit: Municipal Health and Wellness Commission) Article 8 The professional structure, personnel, work performance, review ability and efficiency of the ethics committee of clinical research shall be included in the scope of grade evaluation and performance appraisal of medical institutions; Give a certain inclination to the medical staff who actively carry out and undertake clinical research in terms of post setting and post promotion; In the internal performance distribution of public hospitals, it is inclined to the frontline staff of clinical research; Incorporate clinical research into the main content of performance evaluation of professional title evaluation. (Lead unit: Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau) Article 9 Clinical trials initiated by researchers shall be regarded as scientific research projects and included in the performance evaluation of scientific research; The principal investigator who undertakes clinical trials (including innovative drugs and third-class medical devices) initiated by biomedical enterprises in this Municipality can recommend a researcher, and the recommended person can be regarded as undertaking a municipal science and technology project, and eligible clinical research (including drugs, medical devices, in vitro diagnostic reagents and clinical research initiated by researchers) can be registered as a technical contract; Establish an incentive mechanism for clinical trial institutions and research teams,The income from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, the funds used for personnel in clinical trial projects, and the funds needed for the introduction of high-level talents and teams are not included in the total performance salary of the unit. (Lead unit: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Health and Wellness Commission, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau) Article 10 Full-time clinical researchers of medical institutions may, with the consent of their units, take part-time jobs in enterprises and other scientific research institutions, universities, social organizations, etc. and obtain legal remuneration, and may leave their posts to engage in innovative and entrepreneurial activities such as the transformation of clinical scientific and technological achievements. The income from part-time or off-duty entrepreneurship is not limited by the total performance salary of their units. (Lead unit: Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Health and Health Commission) Chapter IV Promoting the Industrialization of Innovation Achievements Article 11 Support enterprises to carry out the consistency evaluation of generic drug quality and efficacy, and give 2 million yuan of financial support to the varieties of oral solid preparations in the basic drug list that have passed the consistency evaluation of generic drugs according to national regulations and other chemical preparations that have taken the lead in passing the consistency evaluation of generic drugs in the top three in China. (Leading unit: Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, cooperating unit: Municipal Finance Bureau, Market Supervision Bureau, Development and Reform Commission) Article 12 For technological transformation projects certified by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Drug Administration (EMEA), World Health Organization (WHO) and other institutions, the Guangzhou Municipal Fund for Promoting the High-quality Development of Industry and Information Technology will provide financial support of no more than 30% of the project investment and no more than 5 million yuan. (Lead unit: Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology,Cooperating units: Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Science and Technology Bureau, Finance Bureau) Article 13 Post-subsidy support will be given to new drugs (including innovative drugs, improved drugs and similar drugs) that have obtained new drug certificates or drug registration certificates, as well as classic prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine, formula granules of traditional Chinese medicine, innovative medical devices and medical devices that have been registered or put on record, and the projects that are industrialized in this city will be 10% of the total project investment, with a maximum of 50 million yuan. (Leading unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, cooperating unit: Municipal Finance Bureau, Science and Technology Bureau, Health and Wellness Commission, and Market Supervision Bureau) Article 14 Projects in which Nobel Prize winners, lasker medical research awards laureates, academicians of China Academy of Sciences and other experts in the biomedical field bring projects, technologies and teams to Guangzhou for industrialization shall be supported according to 10% of the total project investment, and the maximum amount of a single project shall not exceed 100 million yuan. (Leading unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, cooperating unit: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Finance Bureau) Article 15 Support the pharmaceutical enterprises in this Municipality to introduce advanced technology from abroad to the industrialization in this Municipality or the industrialization led by enterprises in this Municipality, and give 10% of the technology transaction amount with a maximum of 10 million yuan. (Leading unit: Municipal Bureau of Commerce, cooperating unit: Municipal Finance Bureau, Guangzhou Customs, Huangpu Customs) Chapter V Strengthening Industrial Support and Guarantee Article 16 Support the addition of Chinese herbal pieces into the Guangdong Medical Insurance Drug List, and support the inclusion of exclusive Chinese medicinal varieties and ethnic medicines into the national medical insurance drug list. Explore personal account funds to buy commercial health insurance or use personal account funds to establish local characteristic health insurance.Some innovative drugs outside the scope of medical insurance catalogue will be included in the scope of protection. After the new medical service project is approved, the medical institution will independently set the trial price, and the special needs project will be subject to market adjustment price. Support the transfer of new medical service price items in Guangzhou into the catalogue of basic medical service items in Guangdong Province. Actively support innovative drugs to be purchased by Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Group, and serve the innovative development of pharmaceutical industry. (Lead unit: Municipal Medical Insurance Bureau) Article 17 Encourage and support biomedical enterprises to build production workshops and office buildings in this city, incorporate the intended land into the annual land use plan of the city and district, strengthen the protection of land use and marine forest, and accelerate the improvement of surrounding water, electricity, gas, roads, environmental protection, information and other supporting infrastructure. The system of leasing industrial land first and then transferring it, and transferring it in flexible years shall be implemented for biomedical industrial projects in this city. The lease term of lease right after lease shall not exceed 10 years, and the sum of the lease term and the subsequent lease term shall not exceed 50 years, and the lease term of flexible term shall not exceed 20 years. For particularly important projects, based on the market evaluation of land prices, the starting price of the transfer is comprehensively formulated with full consideration of the characteristics of the project. (Lead unit: the district governments, the Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, and the coordinating unit: the Municipal Development and Reform Commission) Article 18 The municipal science and technology department shall regularly notify the customs department of the biomedical related units that need to conduct scientific research, clinical research or import and export of production articles (reagents, instruments and equipment, biological samples, antibodies and reference drugs, etc.) all the year round. Customs departments actively support enterprises to carry out credit cultivation,Give corresponding customs preferential facilities to those who become customs certification enterprises. (Lead unit: Guangzhou Customs, Huangpu Customs, Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, and cooperating unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Market Supervision Bureau) Article 19 With the consent of the municipal government, major public technology platforms and high-end industrialization projects, major biomedical platforms, centers, laboratories and industrial projects of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Science and Technology Innovation Center, and national biomedical reform pilot, base and platform projects shall be implemented in accordance with the "one thing" Article 20 Encourage and support leading enterprises to set up investment funds for biomedical industry, and guide other social capital to support the construction of new drugs, innovative medical device projects and biomedical industrial parks. The invested projects will be included in the green channels of relevant municipal and district departments in terms of review and approval, drug supervision and management, and given priority. (Lead unit: Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Development and Reform Commission, and cooperating units: Municipal Finance Bureau, Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, Science and Technology Bureau, and Local Financial Supervision Bureau) Article 21 Establish a regional ethics committee for drug clinical trials, establish a unified ethics review platform, promote mutual recognition of ethics review, and improve the efficiency of ethics review. Strengthen the docking mechanism of the whole industrial chain of universities, research institutes, hospitals and enterprises, and arrange special funds of no more than 1 million yuan each year through the government’s purchase of services to support the regional ethics Committee of drug clinical trials and the Guangzhou Biomedical Industry Alliance.And carry out activities such as cooperation, training, exchanges, forums, exhibitions and other activities in the whole industry chain in Guangzhou’s national innovative biomedical venture capital service alliance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association’s drug clinical trial Committee, and bio-industry innovation think tank. (Lead unit: Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Development and Reform Commission, and cooperating unit: Municipal Market Supervision Bureau) Article 22 These Provisions shall come into force as of the date of issuance and shall be valid for 5 years. Annex: Declaration Notes of Several Provisions of Guangzhou Municipality on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry Annex: Declaration Notes of Several Provisions of Guangzhou Municipality on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry According to the Provisions of Guangzhou Municipality on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry (Revised) (hereinafter referred to as "Several Provisions"), in order to further standardize the management, it is hereby explained as follows: 1. The biomedical industry mentioned in the Several Provisions and this Guide refers to biomedicine, biomedical engineering, and biomedical engineering in the Implementation Opinions of Guangzhou Municipality on Accelerating the Development of Biomedical Industry. Two, Guangzhou city to promote the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area leading group of biomedical and health industry special group office (located in the municipal development and Reform Commission) under the leadership of the municipal government, co-ordinate the organization and arrangement of all kinds of capital projects stipulated in the "Several Provisions". The competent business departments shall, according to the division of responsibilities, work out the annual capital budget in conjunction with the Municipal Finance Bureau, and organize the project declaration, examination and determination, management and supervision by item. 3. An entity applying for the support of Several Provisions (hereinafter referred to as the undertaking entity) shall meet the following conditions at the same time: it is registered in Guangzhou and pays taxes according to law, and has actual business premises.It has an independent legal person qualification and a standardized financial accounting system, and all business indicators are included in the relevant statistical scope of Guangzhou. Four, the monetary units mentioned in the "Several Provisions" are all calculated in RMB if they are not specified, and the amounts involving "not exceeding", "above" and "highest" all include this number. In principle, the relevant documents such as approval documents and certificates shall be subject to the approval within one year of the declaration time, and the relevant departments shall further clarify them when issuing the declaration guide. Five, the provisions of the policy by the lead department unified acceptance, involving all kinds of incentives, subsidies, subsidies and other funds use and management in accordance with the relevant provisions of the city. In principle, all departments will no longer formulate special policies for biomedicine (except existing policies). The same project, the same matter at the same time in line with the provisions of a number of policies or other municipal support policies, the municipal financial support funds in accordance with the principle of "high non-repetition"; At the same time, in line with the provisions of other support policies in this Municipality’s jurisdiction, you can apply to enjoy the relevant policies of the city and district at the same time, unless otherwise stipulated. Six, the competent department of business in conjunction with the municipal finance department to carry out regular and irregular inspections on the use of funds, to deal with the problems found in the inspection. During the inspection, it is found that the supported projects really cannot use the funds due to subjective and objective reasons, and the undertaking unit shall return the funds according to the original channels. Seven, the business department should establish a fund performance management system, according to the provisions of self-evaluation. The financial department should perform the duties of performance management. The results of performance evaluation should serve as an important basis for the competent business department to arrange funds in the next step, and deal with the problems found in performance evaluation.Eight, the public and relevant departments have the right to supervise the whole process of the use of financial funds, and all business departments and supervision, finance and auditing departments must seriously deal with relevant complaints. The undertaking unit shall accept the performance evaluation, supervision and inspection of the financial and auditing departments on the use and management of financial funds. Nine, the undertaking unit shall submit materials according to the requirements of the reporting guidelines issued by the competent business departments, and promise not to move out of the city within 10 years, not to change the tax obligation in this city, not to reduce the registered capital, not to change the statistical relationship, and to get support after approval; At the same time, we should make a written commitment to the authenticity of all the materials submitted. In the process of reporting and implementing the project, if there is fraud, defrauding financial funds and causing losses, or if the funds are not earmarked according to the regulations, the competent business department will cancel or recover the funds and inform the relevant departments of Guangzhou. All business departments should conduct due diligence review and check the application materials, and simultaneously push the above-mentioned information of dishonesty of the reporting unit to the Guangzhou public credit information management system, which will be included in the enterprise credit file to strengthen enterprise credit management. Ten, to resort to deceit, interception, misappropriation and other acts in violation of national laws and regulations or the relevant financial discipline, will be dealt with in accordance with the "Regulations on Penalties and Punishment of Financial Violations" (the State Council Decree [2005] No.427), and in accordance with the provisions, the allocated funds will be returned. Administrative institutions, enterprises and other personnel suspected of committing crimes shall be handed over to judicial organs for handling according to law.Publicity: voluntary publicity, printed and distributed by the Secretariat of the General Office of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government on February 24, 2020.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 10th

National Emergency Plan for Natural Disaster Relief　　

　　1 General rules

　　1.1 Purpose of compilation

　　Establish and improve the emergency rescue system and operation mechanism to deal with sudden major natural disasters, standardize emergency rescue behavior, improve emergency rescue ability, implement emergency rescue quickly, orderly and efficiently, minimize people’s lives and property losses, and maintain social stability in disaster areas.

　　1.2 Compilation basis

　　According to the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC), People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Welfare Donation Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Flood Control Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Meteorological Law, National Overall Emergency Plan for Public Emergencies, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Disaster Mitigation Plan (1998-2010), the "Three Definitions" provisions of relevant departments in the State Council and relevant national guidelines, policies and principles for disaster relief, this document is formulated.

　　1.3 Scope of application

　　Where floods and droughts, typhoons, hail, snow, sandstorms and other meteorological disasters, volcanoes, earthquakes, geological disasters such as mountain collapses, landslides and mudslides, marine disasters such as storm surges and tsunamis, natural disasters such as forest and grassland fires and major biological disasters, and other public emergencies in China meet the starting conditions, this plan is applicable.

　　1.4 working principles

　　(1) People-oriented, to maximize the protection of people’s lives and property safety.

　　(2) unified leadership of the government, hierarchical management, compartmentalization, block-based.

　　(3) Departments should cooperate closely, cooperate with each other, and perform their duties.

　　(4) Rely on the masses and give full play to the role of grassroots mass autonomous organizations and public welfare social groups.

　　2 start-up conditions

　　In any of the following circumstances, start this plan.

　　2.1 Within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), natural disasters such as floods and droughts, meteorological disasters such as typhoons, hail, snow and sandstorms, geological disasters such as mountain collapses, landslides and mudslides, marine disasters such as storm surges and tsunamis, forest and grassland fires and major biological disasters occur, and one of the following situations occurs during a disaster:

　　More than 30 people died due to the disaster;

　　More than 100,000 people were resettled and resettled due to the disaster;

　　More than 10,000 houses collapsed due to the disaster.

　　2.2 A destructive earthquake of magnitude 5 or above occurred, resulting in the death of more than 20 people or the emergency relocation of more than 100,000 people or the collapse and serious damage of more than 10,000 houses.

　　2.3 Accidents, disasters, public health incidents, social security incidents and other public emergencies have caused a large number of casualties and require emergency relocation or life assistance. This plan will be started as appropriate.

　　2.4 For special circumstances such as areas with particularly weak rescue capacity, the above standards may be lowered as appropriate.

　　2.5 Other matters decided by the State Council.

　　3 organization and command system and responsibilities and tasks

　　The National Disaster Reduction Committee (hereinafter referred to as the "National Disaster Reduction Committee") is the national comprehensive coordination body for natural disaster relief and emergency response, and is responsible for studying and formulating the principles, policies and plans of national disaster reduction work, coordinating major disaster reduction activities, guiding local disaster reduction work, promoting international exchanges and cooperation in disaster reduction, and organizing and coordinating national disaster relief work.

　　The Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief are located in the Ministry of Civil Affairs. The member units of the Disaster Reduction Committee shall undertake corresponding tasks according to their respective division of responsibilities.

　　4 emergency preparedness

　　4.1 Fund preparation

　　The Ministry of Civil Affairs organizes and coordinates the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and other departments to arrange the central disaster relief fund budget according to the provisions of the national development plan and the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China, and urges local governments to increase investment in disaster relief funds according to the principle of graded responsibility for disaster relief work, graded burden of disaster relief funds and locality-oriented.

　　4.1.1 According to the principle of graded responsibility for disaster relief work and graded burden of disaster relief funds, central and local governments at all levels should arrange disaster relief fund budgets.

　　4.1.2 According to the actual expenditure of the previous year, the central finance arranges the extra-large natural disaster relief subsidy funds to help solve the basic living difficulties of people in severely affected areas.

　　4.1.3 The central and local governments should gradually raise the subsidy standards for disaster relief funds according to factors such as financial growth, price changes and the actual living conditions of residents, and establish a natural growth mechanism for disaster relief funds.

　　4.1.4 When the funds in the disaster relief budget are insufficient, the reserve funds arranged by the central and local governments should be mainly used for the life assistance of the victims.

　　4.2 Material preparation

　　Integrate the planning of existing disaster relief materials and warehouses in various departments, and manage the disaster relief materials and warehouses in a hierarchical and classified manner.

　　4.2.1 According to the planning of disaster relief materials reserve, on the basis of perfecting ten central disaster relief materials reserves in Tianjin, Shenyang, Harbin, Hefei, Wuhan, Changsha, Zhengzhou, Nanning, Chengdu and Xi ‘an, the central disaster relief materials reserve will be further established and improved according to the needs. All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government, disaster-prone areas and counties have established and improved material reserves and points. Reserves at all levels should reserve necessary relief materials.

　　4.2.2 Purchase relief tents, clothes and quilts, water purification equipment (medicines) and other relief materials at the beginning of each year.

　　4.2.3 Establish a list of manufacturers of relief materials, and sign an emergency purchase and sale agreement for relief materials when necessary.

　　4.2.4 When the disaster happens, the disaster relief reserve materials of neighboring provinces can be called.

　　4.2.5 Establish and improve the emergency allocation and transportation system of relief materials.

　　4.2.6 Establish and improve the emergency procurement and allocation system for relief materials.

　　4.3 Communication and information preparation

　　Communication operation departments should ensure the smooth flow of disaster information according to law. The natural disaster relief information network should be based on the public communication network, and a special communication network for disaster information should be set up reasonably to ensure the smooth flow of information.

　　4.3.1 Strengthen the construction of disaster information management system at the central level, guide local governments to build and manage disaster relief communication networks covering provincial, prefectural and county levels, and ensure that central and local governments at all levels have timely and accurate information on major natural disasters.

　　4.3.2 Based on the National Disaster Reduction Center, establish an inter-departmental disaster information sharing platform, provide information exchange services, and improve the information sharing mechanism.

　　4.3.3 Give full play to the role of small satellite constellations, meteorological satellites, ocean satellites, resource satellites and other earth monitoring systems for environmental and disaster monitoring and forecasting, and establish disaster monitoring, early warning, assessment and disaster emergency decision-making system based on remote sensing and geographic information system technology.

　　4.4 Preparation of disaster relief equipment

　　4.4.1 All relevant departments of the central government should be equipped with necessary equipment and equipment for disaster relief management.

　　4.4.2 The Ministry of Civil Affairs, the provincial civil affairs departments and the civil affairs bureaus of cities and counties with frequent disasters should be equipped with necessary equipment and equipment for disaster relief.

　　4.5 Preparation of human resources

　　4.5.1 Improve the construction of civil disaster management personnel and improve their ability to cope with natural disasters.

　　4.5.2 Establish and improve the team of experts. Organize experts in civil affairs, health, water conservancy, meteorology, earthquake, ocean, land and resources, etc., focusing on disaster consultation, on-site assessment in disaster areas and business consulting on disaster management.

　　4.5.3 Establish and improve the linkage mechanism with military, public security, armed police, fire fighting, health and other professional rescue teams.

　　4.5.4 Cultivate and develop non-governmental organizations and volunteers, and give full play to their roles.

　　4.6 Social mobilization preparation

　　4.6.1 Establish and improve the mobilization mechanism, operation mechanism, supervision and management mechanism of social donation, and standardize the social donation of sudden natural disasters.

　　4.6.2 Improve the emergency plan for disaster relief donations, and standardize the organization and launch of disaster relief donations, the receipt and distribution of funds and materials, and the publicity and commendation of the society.

　　4.6.3 On the basis of 21,000 social donation receiving stations and points, we will continue to establish social donation receiving stations and points in large and medium-sized cities and small cities with conditions, and improve the regular social donation receiving network.

　　4.6.4 Improve the social donation recognition system to create a good social atmosphere for social donation activities.

　　4.6.5 Improve the counterpart support mechanism for 8 provinces (cities) including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong and Guangdong and 4 cities including Shenzhen, Qingdao, Dalian and Ningbo to 10 provinces (regions) including Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang.

　　4.7 Publicity, training and drills

　　4.7.1 Carry out community disaster reduction activities, use various media to publicize disaster knowledge, publicize disaster emergency laws and regulations and common sense of prevention, hedging, disaster avoidance, self-help, mutual rescue and insurance, and enhance people’s awareness of disaster prevention and reduction.

　　4.7.2 Organize training for provincial disaster management personnel at least twice a year. Organize at least one centralized training for disaster management personnel at the prefecture level every two years. Provincial or prefecture-level civil affairs departments organize business training for county-level and township civil affairs assistants at least once a year. Training for government leaders in charge, various professional emergency rescue teams, non-governmental organizations and volunteer organizations is carried out irregularly.

　　4.7.3 Organize 1-2 drills every year in disaster-prone areas according to the characteristics of disasters to test and improve emergency preparedness, command and response capabilities.

　　5 Early warning and information management

　　5.1 Disaster early warning and forecasting

　　5.1.1 According to the disaster early warning and forecasting information provided by the relevant departments, combined with the database of natural conditions, population and socio-economic background in the early warning area, make an analysis and evaluation, and make disaster early warning for the relevant areas and population that may be threatened by natural disasters in time.

　　5.1.2 According to the disaster warning, natural disasters may cause serious casualties and property losses, and a large number of people need emergency relocation or life assistance. The state and relevant provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should make emergency preparations or take emergency measures.

　　5.2 Disaster information sharing

　　The Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief timely summarize all kinds of disaster early warning and forecasting information, and inform the member units and relevant places of the information.

　　5.3 Disaster information management

　　5.3.1 Contents of disaster information report: including the time, place and background of the disaster, losses caused by the disaster (including personnel affected, number of casualties, crops affected, houses collapsed and damaged, and direct economic losses caused), disaster relief measures taken and the needs of the disaster area.

　　5.3.2 Reporting Time of Disaster Information

　　(1) Preliminary report of the disaster. The civil affairs departments at the county level should know the disaster situation at the first time and report the preliminary situation to the civil affairs departments at the prefecture (city) level in a timely manner, no later than 2 hours after the disaster. Major disasters that cause death (including missing) of more than 10 people or other serious losses shall be reported to the provincial civil affairs department and the Ministry of Civil Affairs at the same time. The civil affairs departments at the prefecture (city) level shall, after receiving the county-level report, complete the work of reviewing and summarizing the disaster data within 2 hours and report to the provincial civil affairs departments. After receiving the report at the prefecture (city) level, the provincial civil affairs department shall complete the work of reviewing and summarizing the disaster data within 2 hours and report to the Ministry of Civil Affairs. The Ministry of Civil Affairs shall report to the State Council within 2 hours after receiving the report of serious and extraordinarily serious disasters.

　　(2) The disaster continues to be reported. Before the major natural disasters are stabilized, the civil affairs departments at the provincial, prefecture (city) and county levels shall implement the 24-hour zero reporting system. County-level civil affairs departments will report the disaster up to 24: 00 the day before 9: 00 every day to local (city) civil affairs departments, which will report to provincial civil affairs departments before 10: 00 every day, and provincial civil affairs departments will report to the Ministry of Civil Affairs before 12: 00 every day. Extraordinary disasters should be reported at any time as needed.

　　(3) Disaster report. The civil affairs department at the county level shall, after the disaster situation is stable, verify the disaster situation within 2 working days and report to the civil affairs department at the prefecture (city) level. The civil affairs departments at the prefecture (city) level shall, after receiving the county-level report, review and summarize the disaster data within 3 working days, and report the summary data of the whole prefecture (city) (including the disaster data of counties) to the provincial civil affairs departments. After receiving the report at the prefecture (city) level, the provincial civil affairs department shall review and summarize the disaster data within 5 working days, and report the summary data of the whole province (including the data of cities and counties) to the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

　　5.3.3 Verification of disaster situation

　　(1) The department will consult and approve. Civil affairs departments at all levels coordinate agriculture, water conservancy, land and resources, earthquake, meteorology, statistics and other departments to conduct comprehensive analysis and consultation, and verify the disaster situation.

　　(2) Civil affairs, earthquake and other relevant departments organize expert evaluation teams to conduct expert evaluation on the disaster situation through comprehensive investigation, sampling investigation, typical investigation and special investigation to verify the disaster situation.

　　6 emergency response

　　In accordance with the principle of "combining all sectors and giving priority to all sectors", local governments are given priority to disaster relief. After the disaster, the people’s governments at the township, county, prefecture and provincial levels and relevant departments should, according to the disaster situation, start the emergency plans of relevant levels and departments, do a good job in emergency resettlement and living arrangements for victims, do a good job in disaster relief, do a good job in disaster monitoring, disaster investigation, evaluation and reporting, and minimize the loss of people’s lives and property. According to the degree of harm of sudden natural disasters and other factors, the state sets four response levels.

　　6.1 Class I response

　　6.1.1 Disaster losses

　　(1) Within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), particularly serious natural disasters such as floods and droughts, typhoons, hail, snow, sandstorms, mountain collapses, landslides, mudslides, storm surges, tsunamis, forest and grassland fires and biological disasters occur.

　　(2) Accidents, disasters, public health incidents, social security incidents and other public emergencies have caused a large number of casualties and require emergency relocation or life assistance. This plan will be started as appropriate.

　　(3) For special circumstances such as areas with particularly weak rescue capacity, the starting standard may be lowered as appropriate.

　　(4) Other matters decided by the State Council.

　　6.1.2 Startup procedure

　　After receiving the disaster report, the Disaster Reduction Committee immediately put forward a proposal to the State Council to start the first-level response, and the State Council decided to enter the first-level response.

　　6.1.3 Emergency response

　　The director of the Disaster Reduction Committee shall lead and organize disaster relief work in a unified way.

　　The Ministry of Civil Affairs shall report to the State Council and the director of the Disaster Reduction Committee within 2 hours after receiving the disaster information, and then report the relevant information in a timely manner. Within 24 hours after the disaster, the Ministry of Finance shall allocate the central emergency funds for disaster relief, and coordinate the railway, transportation, civil aviation and other departments to dispatch emergency relief materials; Organize national disaster relief donation activities, and uniformly receive, manage and distribute international disaster relief donations; Coordinate and implement the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on disaster relief.

　　6.1.4 Termination of response

　　After the disaster situation and disaster relief work are stable, the director of the Disaster Reduction Committee decides to terminate the first-level response.

　　6. 2 Level Ⅱ response

　　6.2.1 Disaster losses

　　(1) within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), major natural disasters such as floods and droughts, typhoons, hail, snow, sandstorms, mountain collapses, landslides, mudslides, storm surges, tsunamis, forest and grassland fires and biological disasters occur.

　　(2) Accidents, disasters, public health incidents, social security incidents and other public emergencies have caused a large number of casualties and require emergency relocation or life assistance. This plan will be started as appropriate.

　　(3) For special circumstances such as areas with particularly weak rescue capacity, the starting standard may be lowered as appropriate.

　　(4) Other matters decided by the State Council.

　　6.2.2 Startup procedure

　　The Secretary-General of the Disaster Reduction Committee (Deputy Minister of Civil Affairs) put forward a proposal to the Deputy Director of the Disaster Reduction Committee (Minister of Civil Affairs) at the first time after receiving the disaster report, and the Deputy Director of the Disaster Reduction Committee decided to enter the Level II response.

　　6.2.3 Response measures

　　The deputy director of the Disaster Reduction Committee shall organize and coordinate the disaster relief work.

　　The Ministry of Civil Affairs set up emergency headquarters for disaster relief, and implemented joint office, and formed disaster relief working groups such as emergency rescue (comprehensive) group, disaster information group, disaster relief donation group, publicity report group and logistics support group to organize and carry out disaster relief work in a unified way.

　　Within 24 hours after the disaster occurred, a joint working group on disaster relief was dispatched to the disaster area to express condolences to the victims, verify the disaster situation, understand the relief work, understand the relief capacity of the disaster-stricken government and the needs of the disaster-stricken areas, guide local governments to carry out disaster relief work, and urgently allocate relief funds and materials.

　　Timely grasp the disaster situation and compile the dynamic information of disaster relief work, and publish it on the website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

　　Announce the acceptance of disaster relief donations to the society, and organize cross-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) or national disaster relief donation activities.

　　With the approval of the State Council, an appeal for disaster relief assistance was issued to the international community.

　　Announce the recipient units and account numbers, set up a hotline for disaster relief donations, and take the initiative to accept disaster relief donations from all walks of life; Announce the disaster situation and the needs of the disaster area to the public every day; Timely allocation of donations, to adjust the national disaster relief donations; Regularly announce the receipt and use of disaster relief donations to the public.

　　6.2.4 Termination of response

　　After the disaster situation and relief work are stable, the deputy director of the Disaster Reduction Committee decides to terminate the level II response.

　　6.3 Class III response

　　6.3.1 Disaster losses

　　(1) Within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), major natural disasters such as floods and droughts, typhoons, hail, snow, sandstorms, mountain collapses, landslides, mudslides, storm surges, tsunamis, forest and grassland fires and biological disasters occur.

　　(2) Accidents, disasters, public health incidents, social security incidents and other public emergencies have caused a large number of casualties and require emergency relocation or life assistance. This plan will be started as appropriate.

　　(3) For special circumstances such as "old, little, border and poor" areas with particularly weak rescue ability, the starting standard may be lowered as appropriate.

　　(4) Other matters decided by the State Council.

　　6.3.2 Startup procedure

　　After receiving the disaster report, the office of the Disaster Reduction Committee put forward a proposal to the Secretary-General of the Disaster Reduction Committee (Deputy Minister of Civil Affairs) to start the level III response, and the Secretary-General of the Disaster Reduction Committee decided to enter the level III response.

　　6.3.3 Response measures

　　The Secretary General of the Disaster Reduction Committee shall organize and coordinate the disaster relief work.

　　The Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief timely contact with relevant member units to communicate disaster information; Organize meetings and chambers of commerce, analyze the situation in disaster areas, and study and implement disaster relief support measures for disaster areas; Organize relevant departments to listen to the reports of relevant provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities); Coordinate relevant departments to send a joint working group to the disaster area.

　　Within 24 hours after the disaster, the working group of the Ministry of Civil Affairs will be dispatched to the disaster area to express condolences to the victims, verify the disaster situation, understand the relief work, understand the relief capacity of the disaster-stricken government and the needs of the disaster-stricken areas, and guide the local authorities to carry out relief work.

　　When the disaster losses are large, within 48 hours after the disaster occurs, coordinate the relevant departments to form a national comprehensive coordination working group for disaster relief to go to the disaster area and timely allocate relief funds and materials.

　　Grasp the dynamic information of disaster situation and disaster relief work, and publish it on the website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

　　6.3.4 Termination of response

　　After the disaster situation and relief work are stable, the Secretary-General of the Disaster Reduction Committee decides to terminate the Level III response and report to the Deputy Director of the Disaster Reduction Committee.

　　6.4 Class IV response

　　6.4.1 Disaster losses

　　(1) Within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), there are general natural disasters such as floods and droughts, typhoons, hail, snow, sandstorms, mountain collapses, landslides, mudslides, storm surges, tsunamis, forest and grassland fires and biological disasters.

　　(2) Accidents, disasters, public health incidents, social security incidents and other public emergencies have caused a large number of casualties and require emergency relocation or life assistance. This plan will be started as appropriate.

　　(3) For special circumstances such as "old, little, border and poor" areas with particularly weak rescue ability, the starting standard may be lowered as appropriate.

　　(4) Other matters decided by the State Council.

　　6.4.2 Startup procedure

　　The office of the Disaster Reduction Committee decided to enter the level IV response as soon as it received the disaster report.

　　6.4.3 Response measures

　　The director of the Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief shall organize and coordinate the disaster relief work. The Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief timely contact with relevant member units to communicate disaster information; To consult relevant departments to implement disaster relief support for disaster areas; Send a working group to the disaster area as appropriate.

　　Within 24 hours after the disaster, send a working group of the Ministry of Civil Affairs to the disaster area to express condolences to the victims, verify the disaster situation, understand the relief work, understand the relief capacity of the disaster-stricken government and the needs of the disaster-stricken areas, guide local relief work, and allocate relief funds and materials.

　　Grasp the dynamic information of the disaster situation and publish it on the website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

　　6.4.4 Termination of response

　　After the disaster situation and relief work are stable, the director of the Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief decides to terminate the level IV response and report it to the Secretary General of the Disaster Reduction Committee.

　　6.5 information release

　　6.5.1 Information release shall adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts, being timely and accurate. It is necessary to release brief information to the society at the first time, and do a good job in subsequent information release according to the development of the disaster.

　　6.5.2 The contents of information release mainly include: the basic situation of disaster, the dynamics and effects of disaster relief, the next arrangement and the problems to be explained.

　　7 Post-disaster relief and recovery and reconstruction

　　7.1 post-disaster relief

　　7.1.1 County-level civil affairs departments investigate the living difficulties of victims in winter (spring famine) every year, and establish a ledger of the population in need of government relief.

　　7.1.2 The Ministry of Civil Affairs, in conjunction with the provincial civil affairs departments, organized relevant experts to go to the disaster-stricken areas to assess the living difficulties of the victims and verify the situation.

　　7.1.3 Formulate the winter (spring shortage) relief work plan.

　　7.1.4 According to the request of the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for funds from the State Council, combined with the situation of disaster assessment, the Ministry of Finance will allocate extra-large natural disaster relief subsidies to help solve the basic living difficulties of victims in winter and spring, such as eating and dressing.

　　7.1.5 The management system of Disaster Relief Card shall be fully implemented for disaster relief. For the victims who need government relief, the civil affairs departments at the county level will issue the "Disaster Relief Card" uniformly, and the victims will receive relief food and relief funds with the card.

　　7.1.6 Inform the society about the allocation progress of disaster relief funds in various places, and ensure that winter relief funds are distributed to households before the Spring Festival.

　　7.1.7 For the people who are short of food and have the ability to repay but have no money to buy food for the time being, open a warehouse to borrow food.

　　7.1.8 Solve the problem of winter clothes and quilts for victims through social donation, counterpart support and emergency procurement.

　　7.1.9 The development and reform, finance, agriculture and other departments shall implement the work-for-relief policy, and the disaster relief, and the grain department shall ensure the food supply.

　　7.2 Restoration and reconstruction

　　Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction work adheres to the disaster relief policy of "relying on the masses, relying on the collective, self-help in production, mutual assistance and mutual aid, supplemented by the necessary relief and support of the state". The county (city, district) shall be responsible for organizing the implementation of the reconstruction of the houses of the victims, taking the combination of self-construction, aid construction and assistance construction, with the self-construction of the affected households as the mainstay. Housing funds should be solved through government relief, social mutual assistance, neighborhood help workers to help materials, work as relief, self-lending, preferential policies and other ways. Housing planning and design should be based on local conditions, rational layout, scientific planning and full consideration of disaster factors.

　　7.2.1 Organize to verify the disaster situation. After the disaster is stable, the county-level civil affairs department immediately organizes the disaster to be approved and establishes a ledger of houses collapsed due to the disaster. The provincial civil affairs department shall report the disaster losses of collapsed houses and other disasters in the province to the Ministry of Civil Affairs within 10 days after the disaster is stabilized.

　　7.2.2 Carry out disaster assessment. After a major disaster, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, together with the provincial civil affairs departments, organized relevant experts to go to the disaster area to carry out disaster assessment and comprehensively verify the disaster situation.

　　7.2.3 Formulate the recovery and reconstruction work plan. According to the national disaster situation and local conditions, work plans for restoration and reconstruction, such as guidelines, objectives, policies, reconstruction progress, financial support, preferential policies and inspection and implementation, are formulated.

　　7.2.4 According to the request of the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for funds from the State Council, combined with the situation of disaster assessment, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Finance allocate relief subsidies for extraordinarily serious natural disasters to be used exclusively for the restoration and reconstruction of the houses of victims in various places.

　　7.2.5 Regularly inform the society about the progress of allocating disaster relief funds and the progress of recovery and reconstruction.

　　7.2.6 Send an inspection team to the disaster area to inspect and supervise the restoration and reconstruction work.

　　7.2.7 Negotiate with relevant departments to formulate preferential policies, simplify procedures, reduce taxes and fees, and stabilize prices.

　　7.2.8 The health department shall do a good job in post-disaster disease prevention and epidemic monitoring. Organize medical and health personnel to go deep into the disaster area, provide medical and health services, publicize health and disease prevention knowledge, guide the masses to do a good job in environmental sanitation, and implement supervision over drinking water and food hygiene to achieve no major epidemic after the disaster.

　　7.2.9 The departments of development and reform, education, finance, construction, transportation, water conservancy, agriculture, health, radio and television, as well as enterprises and financial institutions such as electric power and communication, shall make arrangements for disaster relief funds (materials), and organize the restoration and reconstruction of public welfare facilities such as schools and hospitals in disaster areas and water conservancy, electric power, transportation, communication, water supply and drainage, radio and television facilities.

　　8 supplementary provisions

　　8.1 Interpretation of Terminology

　　Natural disasters: refer to natural phenomena that endanger human survival or damage human living environment, including floods and droughts, meteorological disasters such as typhoons, hail, snow and sandstorms, volcanic and earthquake disasters, geological disasters such as mountain collapses, landslides and mudslides, marine disasters such as storm surges and tsunamis, and natural disasters such as forest and grassland fires and major biological disasters.

　　Disaster situation: refers to the losses caused by natural disasters, including casualties and property losses.

　　Disaster pre-warning: It refers to the analysis, evaluation and early warning of the loss of areas and population that may be affected by disasters according to the disaster pre-warning and forecast information of meteorological, hydrological, marine, earthquake and land departments, combined with the database of population, nature and socio-economic background.

　　Small Satellite Constellation for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting: In order to meet the needs of China’s environment and disaster monitoring, in February 2003, the State Council officially approved the project of "Small Satellite Constellation for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting". According to the national plan, the small satellite constellation system is planned to adopt a step-by-step implementation strategy: during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the "2+1" scheme is adopted, that is, two optical small satellites and one synthetic aperture radar small satellite are launched to initially realize the ability to monitor disasters and the environment; During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the "4+4" plan was implemented, that is, a constellation consisting of four optical satellites and four synthetic aperture radar satellites was launched to realize the dynamic monitoring of disasters and environment in China and neighboring countries and regions.

　　In the expression of relevant quantities in this plan, "above" includes the number, and "below" does not include the number.

　　8.2 International communication and cooperation

　　In accordance with the relevant provisions of the national foreign affairs discipline, actively carry out international natural disaster relief exchanges, learn from the experience of natural disaster relief in developed countries, and further improve the prevention and disposal of natural disaster emergencies in China.

　　8.3 rewards and responsibilities

　　Advanced collectives and individuals who have made outstanding contributions in natural disaster relief work shall be jointly commended by the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Civil Affairs; To ratify the martyrs in accordance with the relevant provisions for those who died heroically in natural disaster relief work; Those who neglect their duties in natural disaster relief work and cause losses shall be investigated for their responsibilities in accordance with relevant state laws and regulations, and those who constitute a crime shall be investigated for their criminal responsibilities according to law.

　　8.4 Plan Management and Update

　　This plan is managed by the Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief. After the implementation of the plan, the Office of the Disaster Reduction Committee and the National Comprehensive Coordination Office for Disaster Relief shall timely convene relevant departments and experts to make an assessment, and make corresponding changes according to the situation and report to the State Council. All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall formulate emergency plans for natural disaster relief in their own provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) according to this plan.

　　8.5 Effective time of the plan

　　This plan shall take effect as of the date of issuance.