Special issue of the People’s Daily on the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Party： the historical evolution of the central leading bodies.

　　The Secretariat elected by the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China is composed of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi, and people call it the "Five Secretaries".

　　With the magnificent and glorious history of 95 years, the central organization of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has been adjusted and gradually improved from scratch, forming a party central organization with reasonable structure, complete setup and smooth operation. The central organization is the central organization of the party and the organizational core of the whole party. According to the current regulations of party constitution, the central organization of the Party includes the National Congress of the Party, the Central Committee and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection elected by it; The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee elected by the plenary session of the Central Committee; The Central Military Commission (CMC) decided by the Central Committee and the Central Secretariat nominated by Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and adopted by the plenary session of the Central Committee. It can be said that the evolution history of the party’s central organization is a condensed history of the party. This paper focuses on the historical evolution of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, its Standing Committee, the Central Secretariat and the Central Military Commission (CMC).

　　The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee and Central Secretariat.

　　The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee are important parts of the Party’s central organization and leading bodies that faithfully implement the line, principles and policies adopted by the Party’s National Congress and the resolutions of the plenary session of the Central Committee.

　　The Secretariat of the Central Committee is the office of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee and an important organization of the CPC Central Committee.

　　The first congress of the party

　　Set the C.O. as the temporary central leading body.

　　A major decision of the Party is not to set up the Central Executive Committee for the time being, but to set up the Central Bureau as the temporary leading body of the Central Committee, with secretaries and members. In November, 1921, in the name of the secretary of the C.O., the the Communist Party of China (CPC) C.O. Notice was issued to party organizations all over the country. This is the first document issued after the establishment of the central leading body. In 1922, for the first time, the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China made more specific and clear provisions on the principles and policies of the Party’s organizational construction. Based on party constitution, the second Central Executive Committee of communist party, China, was elected as the leading body of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with its chairman. In 1923, the leading body of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was the third executive committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). According to the provisions of the three major party constitution, the Central Executive Committee has a standing body, namely, the Central Bureau and the Central Commissioner. The Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China adopted the Organic Law of the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which made specific provisions on the central organization, division of responsibilities and work system of the Party for the first time.

　　The Fifth Congress of the Party

　　The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee were formally established.

　　In November, 1924, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Political Bureau for the first time, consisting of Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen and Vygotsky. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau were formally established at the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee is the highest decision-making organ of the whole Party, and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau is responsible for handling daily affairs. For the first time, the party’s decision-making organ and the organ responsible for daily work are divided into two institutions. This is a great contribution to the leadership system of the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Since then, in the evolution of the party’s central organization, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee has always existed in the sequence of central leading bodies, and his functions and status have not changed.

　　The Party’s Sixth party constitution stipulates that the Central Committee and the Political Bureau "elect the Standing Committee to carry out their daily work". The Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee were elected at the First Plenary Session of the Sixth CPC Central Committee.

　　The Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth CPC Central Committee

　　First establishment of the Central Secretariat

　　In January 1934, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee was re-elected at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Party, and the Central Secretariat was established at the same time. It is generally believed that the Secretariat of the Central Committee at that time was actually Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee. From September to November, 1938, after the Sixth Plenary Session of the enlarged Sixth Central Committee of the Party, The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) was officially replaced by the Central Secretariat. The Seventh National Congress of party constitution continued this institutional arrangement, stipulating that the Political Bureau of the Central Committee is the central guiding organ of the Party to guide all the work of the Party. The Secretariat of the Central Committee handles the daily work of the Central Committee under the the Political Bureau of the Central Committee Resolution. As a result, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau was not elected at the Seventh National Congress. This system was used until the Eighth National Congress of the Party in 1956.

　　The Secretariat elected by the Seventh National Congress is composed of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi. People call it the "Five Secretaries", which forms the first generation of the central leading collective of the Party and plays an important role in the history of the Party.

　　Party’s Eighth National Congress

　　Resume the establishment of the Politburo Standing Committee

　　The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China adjusted the central organization of the Party and resumed the establishment of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau. The Eighth National Congress of party constitution stipulates: "The plenary session of the Central Committee of the Party elects the Standing Committees of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Central Secretariat", "the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee exercise the functions and powers of the Central Committee when the plenary session of the Central Committee is not in session" and "The Central Secretariat is under the leadership of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee to handle the daily work of the Central Committee". The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China elected a new central leading body.

　　After the "Cultural Revolution" began, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, its Standing Committee and Secretariat were severely impacted. After the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Political Bureau and its Standing Committee were restored to their original positions. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the position and role of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee as central leading bodies have not changed.

　　The Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party

　　Restore the establishment of the Central Secretariat

　　The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China determined the basic framework of the central leadership system, which had an important impact on the establishment of the central leadership system later. After the "Cultural Revolution", the Secretariat of the Central Committee stopped working, and it was not established at the 9th to 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

　　In February 1980, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the Resolution on the Establishment of the Central Secretariat, and resumed the establishment of the Central Secretariat as a regular working body under the leadership of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee. Members are directly elected by the Central Committee. The Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again wrote the establishment of the Central Secretariat into party constitution, followed the provisions of the resolution of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and defined the establishment, production mode and functions of the Central Secretariat. The party constitution Amendment to the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made appropriate amendments to the provisions on the establishment of the Central Secretariat. Since then, the provisions of the Central Secretariat have not changed.

　　the Central Military Commission (CMC)

　　The Central Military Commission (CMC) is the highest military leading organ of the Party, referred to as the Central Military Commission. It has experienced a complicated evolution and development process.

　　The Ministry of Military Affairs was established in 1925.

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Military Ministry in 1925, the Central Military Commission in 1926, and the Military (Military) Ministry after the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In January 1931, according to the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee’s decision, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Soviet was established in the Central Revolutionary Base. In November of the same year, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Soviet Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Central Revolutionary Military Commission) was established in the central revolutionary base area, which was the military leading body of the interim central government of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and chinese soviet republic.

　　The Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China established a military commission.

　　In August 1937, Luochuan Conference decided to form the Central Revolutionary Military Commission headed by Mao Zedong. The Seventh party constitution Congress of the Communist Party of China stipulated that the Central Committee should set up a military commission. On August 23rd, 1945, the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decided to form the new the Central Military Commission (CMC). In November 1948, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that the Central Military Commission should use the name of "China People’s Revolutionary Military Commission" when issuing orders to the public.

　　In 1959, the Central Military Commission set up a standing committee member.

　　In October 1949, the People’s Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People’s Government was established, and in September 1954, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee decided to re-establish CPC Central Military Commission. Since September 1959, the Central Military Commission has set up a standing committee until the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

　　In 1983, the State Central Military Commission was established.

　　Since June 1983, People’s Republic of China (PRC) the Central Military Commission (CMC) has been established according to the Constitution. The Central Military Commission of the Party and the Central Military Commission of the State are actually an institution, and their members and leadership functions are completely consistent. This leadership system with China characteristics ensures that the army is always under the absolute leadership of the Party.

　　Written by: Zhang Dongming Visual Coordinator: Zhang Fangman