Recently, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force demonstrated a new type of 155 mm truck gun under development. As the latest 155 mm truck gun, what is the significance of the gun for the future development of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the gun design?

Follow suit: the development history of Japanese large-caliber artillery

In the development and equipment of large caliber artillery, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force has taken the development mode of paying equal attention to self-research and introduction and following European and American countries from the beginning. Initially, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force was equipped with M52 105mm self-propelled howitzer and M44 155mm self-propelled howitzer provided by the United States. These two types of artillery belong to the first generation of large-caliber self-propelled artillery developed by the United States after World War II. Although their overall performance has been improved compared with similar artillery in World War II, they still adopt the open combat cabin design, and their protection ability is weak. Therefore, since the 1960s, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force has independently developed 74-type 105mm self-propelled howitzers and 75-type 155mm self-propelled howitzers. The overall design of these two types of guns refers to similar equipment in Europe and America. Especially the 75-type 155mm self-propelled howitzer, the overall design layout is almost the same as that of M109-type 155mm self-propelled howitzer in the United States.

Since then, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force has introduced the M110 203mm self-propelled howitzer from the United States. In this way, the 74-type 105mm self-propelled howitzer and the 75-type 155mm self-propelled howitzer independently developed by Japan, together with the American M110-type 203mm self-propelled howitzer, became the main large-caliber barrel guns of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force in the 1970s and 1990s. However, because the four islands in Japan are mountainous, Shikoku Island has the largest mountainous area, accounting for 80% of the total area. Even the relatively flat Hokkaido Island is nearly half mountainous. Therefore, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force can only deploy all heavy equipment such as main battle tanks and large-caliber self-propelled artillery on Hokkaido Island.

The Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force demonstrated a new type of 155 mm truck gun under development.

In this way, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Forces in the south of Honshu Island are relatively short of large-caliber artillery equipment. Therefore, in 1983, Japan obtained the franchise of FH-70 155 mm self-propelled howitzer from Sweden. At present, all 492 FH-70 155 mm self-propelled howitzers in active service of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force are deployed in the south of Honshu Island. The gun needs to be towed by a military truck for long-distance maneuvering, and can rely on the power device equipped on its own gun mount for entering and leaving the position or for short-distance maneuvering. Therefore, the equipment of the gun has greatly improved the combat capability of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force in the south of Honshu Island.

Since then, European and American countries have set off a wave of developing 52 times 155 mm howitzers. As a result, Japan also "followed the crowd" and began to develop the second generation of 155 mm self-propelled howitzers in 1992, namely the 99-type 155 mm self-propelled howitzers. The overall layout of the gun refers to the famous PzH2000 155 mm self-propelled howitzer in Germany, especially the turret and barrel design, which is almost the same as the latter. However, because the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force did not demand heavy armor, the total combat weight of the 99-type 155 mm self-propelled howitzer was 15 tons lighter than that of the German PzH2000 155 mm self-propelled howitzer, but it still reached 40 tons. From the overall performance, the 99-type 155 mm self-propelled howitzer does not have much brilliance compared with similar guns in other countries. It is only because the quantity of this type of artillery equipment is pitifully small, which is less than a fraction of the purchase quantity of some similar models in other countries, so it has also created a unit price record of up to 8 million US dollars.

After the troops in the area north of Honshu Island completed the replacement of the 75-type 155mm self-propelled howitzer with the 99-type 155mm self-propelled howitzer, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force began to consider developing a new 155mm self-propelled howitzer for the troops in the area south of Honshu Island to replace the FH-70 155mm self-propelled howitzer that has been in service for more than 20 years. This is the new 155 mm truck gun we see today.

The 75-type 155 mm crawler-type self-propelled howitzer previously equipped by the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force

German-Japanese hybrid: Japanese truck guns use German trucks.

France’s "Caesar", the world’s first 52 times 155 mm truck gun, was publicly unveiled as early as 1994. Since then, many countries in the world have begun to develop their own large-caliber truck guns with reference to the overall design idea of French Caesar, including Russia, Sweden, Israel and other military and industrial powers, as well as developing countries such as Iran, Vietnam and India. This also shows to some extent that the research and development threshold of large-caliber truck guns is actually not very high. It was not until 2012 that Japan began to develop 52 times 155 mm truck guns, which was a bit "hindsight".

Similar to the large-caliber self-propelled gun designed and developed in Japan before, the overall design layout of this new 155mm truck gun also has a reference template, that is, the second-generation Caesar 155mm truck gun introduced by French Ultraman Company. Although the first generation "Caesar" 155 mm truck gun pioneered a new type of weapon and equipment, it also has many shortcomings, such as limited chassis bearing capacity, poor shooting stability, low degree of automation, and no armor protection. To this end, the French company Ultraman improved and developed the second generation "Caesar" 155mm truck gun.

Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer is known as the most expensive self-propelled howitzer in the world, and the unit price is as high as 8 million US dollars.

The chassis of the second generation "Caesar" 155 mm truck gun was changed from the first generation Renault 6×6 military truck to the Czech Tetora 8×8 heavy truck. This 8×8 heavy truck chassis has better off-road performance and stronger bearing capacity. Although the total combat weight of the second-generation "Caesar" 155 mm truck gun has soared from 17 tons of the first generation to 30 tons after replacing the chassis, it can still meet the requirements of being carried by A-400M large transport aircraft. Similarly, Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun also uses the 110 HX81 8×8 heavy truck of German Mann Company as the bearing chassis, and the total combat weight is also about 30 tons, and the Japanese C-2 new transport aircraft can also carry it.

Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun is 11.4 meters long, 2.5 meters wide and 3.4 meters high. There are five gun crew members, three of whom are in the cockpit, and the other two are sitting in the semi-closed crew cabin at the back of the engine compartment. The conditions are relatively harsh. The firepower of this type of gun is basically the same as that of the 99-type 155 mm self-propelled howitzer, including the bolt, the recoil mechanism, the recoil mechanism and the barrel, but it has been improved according to the layout requirements of the truck gun. Judging from the installation position of the gun, the position of the bolt is still relatively high after the barrel is erected. Therefore, the design of the large-scale hydraulic parking hoe of Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun is similar to that of the second generation "Caesar" 155 mm truck gun, and there is also a platform for people to get up and down. However, the ammunition box on the side of Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun has a low height, so there is no folding pedal like the second generation Caesar 155 mm truck gun.

At present, the Japanese Defense Ministry has not disclosed much about the specific performance parameters of the new 155 mm truck gun. Therefore, it is difficult to judge how the performance of this gun compares with other similar models. However, from the overall layout, Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun is obviously the result of many factors. For example, from the choice of chassis, Japan has a developed automobile industry, and domestic enterprises are fully capable of providing similar 8×8 heavy trucks, but they use the German company 110 HX81 8×8 heavy trucks with relatively low cost but not inferior performance.

In order to control the cost, Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun has to relax other performance requirements, such as maneuverability, off-road, protection and personnel comfort.

However, considering that this new 155mm truck gun is going to replace the 492 FH-70 155mm self-propelled howitzers currently in service in Japan’s Ground Self-Defense Force, its purchasing unit price must be controlled at a low level, and it must not be as high as the 99 155mm self-propelled howitzers. Otherwise, even if it is not a one-on-one replacement, the Japanese Defense Ministry can’t afford it at all. It is for this reason that the Japanese Steel Works, the developer of the new 155mm truck gun, will choose the German Mann 110 HX81 8×8 heavy truck for both military and civilian use, instead of the military 8×8 heavy truck developed by domestic enterprises.

Of course, while controlling the cost, Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun has to relax other performance requirements, such as maneuverability, off-road, protection and personnel comfort. Therefore, we can see that Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun is equipped with a protective steel plate at the top of the cockpit to resist the muzzle shock wave, and the two gun crew members can only stay in the canvas tent full of noise and vibration. Moreover, the minimum launching elevation and directional firing boundary of this type of gun will also be affected to some extent. It is said that during the trial period of this type of artillery’s multi-door sample guns in Fuji School (a comprehensive military school where Japanese Ground Self-Defense Forces train officers below infantry, artillery and tank corps), the defects of poor shooting stability were exposed, and it was even necessary to install lateral hydraulic hoes to enhance stability. Therefore, this type of artillery must undergo at least several rounds of design improvements to meet the requirements of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force.

The new 155 mm truck gun is mainly used to replace the 492 FH-70 155 mm self-propelled howitzer currently in service in Japan’s Ground Self-Defense Force.

Maneuver and Firepower: Lu Zi steadily improves southwest combat capability.

The launch of this new type of 155mm truck gun actually continues the development path of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force to continuously enhance the combat capability in the area south of Honshu Island, the so-called southwest area, since the 21st century. In the past ten years, Japan’s Ground Self-Defense Force has continuously purchased and equipped a new generation of main battle equipment suitable for the operational requirements in southwest China, such as the 10-type main battle tank called "the first fourth-generation main battle tank" by some people and the 16-type 105 mm wheeled assault gun. Type 10 main battle tank mainly replaces the old Type 74 main battle tank and becomes the main armored main battle equipment of Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force in southwest China. The 16-type 105 mm wheeled assault gun can take on the task of direct fire support for highly mobile troops with its excellent maneuverability and firepower.

The new 155 mm truck gun will gradually replace the old FH-70 155 mm self-propelled howitzer, which will further strengthen the maneuverability of the artillery unit of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force. In particular, the new 155 mm truck gun has air transport maneuverability, and the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force can quickly deploy the gun to other important islands other than the four local islands, such as Okinawa and Miyako. In this way, the new 155 mm truck gun with long-range precision guided artillery shells will also become the main equipment of the artillery unit of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force to attack the sea, and together with the shore-to-ship missiles, it will form the main battle force to block the strait.

March is in the early spring, the weather is changeable, sometimes cold and sometimes warm, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. All kinds of respiratory infectious diseases are still in the high-risk season. After the Spring Festival, all kinds of schools have started school one after another, with frequent personnel flow and contact, and at the same time, the temperature has risen, the number of people going out for an outing and traveling has gradually increased, and the chances of infection of various infectious diseases have increased. Xi ‘an CDC reminds the general public to take precautions against Covid-19 infection, influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases and norovirus-infected diarrhea, and to do personal protection when going out for an outing and traveling, so as to travel safely and healthily.

Prevention of novel coronavirus infection

At present, COVID-19 infection in Xi ‘an is still at a low epidemic level. As a popular tourist city, Xi ‘an has a large number of foreign tourists, and the gathering of people provides favorable conditions for the spread of the virus. The general public should be the first person responsible for their own health, maintain good personal hygiene habits and prepare necessary protective equipment.

Health tips

1. Do a good job of personal protection. Wear a mask scientifically, keep a social distance, and wash your hands frequently, often ventilate and gather less. Open windows regularly at home and workplace for ventilation, and do a good job in daily hygiene of the room. When taking public transportation such as airplanes, high-speed trains, trains and air-conditioned buses, you should wear masks and keep your hands clean.

2. Daily health monitoring. Pay close attention to your family and your own health every day. When you have symptoms of Covid-19 infection, such as fever, cough, fatigue, sore throat and decreased sense of smell and taste, try to reduce your outdoor activities as much as possible, avoid going to school or work with illness, and go to a fever clinic in a nearby hospital as appropriate.

3. Actively vaccinate. XBB mutant in Covid-19 is currently the main epidemic strain in China. It is suggested that the elderly aged 60 and above or the key population aged 18-59 with serious basic diseases, people with low immune function and people with high risk of infection should be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine according to conditions, and COVID-19 vaccine containing antigen components of XBB mutant should be given priority.

4. Enhance your own immunity. Improving one’s own immunity is an important means to prevent various diseases. Please keep regular work and rest, exercise properly, eat properly, maintain a good attitude and adhere to a healthy and civilized lifestyle.

Prevent influenza

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which has the characteristics of short incubation period, strong infectivity and rapid spread. It is mainly spread through droplets in the air, and may also spread through close contact between people. Clinically, it is mainly manifested as high fever, headache, limb pain, fatigue and upper respiratory symptoms accompanied by runny nose and cough. People are generally susceptible and have certain immunity after illness. March is still in the flu season, so the general public should pay attention to protection and avoid infection.

Health tips

1. Develop good personal hygiene habits. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with paper towels and towels. Wash your hands before and after meals and after touching dirty things, and try to avoid dirty hands touching your mouth, eyes and nose.

2. Open the window regularly and ventilate several times every day to keep the indoor air fresh. During the peak epidemic period, people should avoid going to crowded places. If there are related symptoms, they should seek medical advice in time, stay at home as much as possible, and go to work without illness to reduce the spread of the disease.

3. Vaccination against influenza is one of the most economical and effective prevention and control measures to prevent influenza and reduce the burden of influenza disease. Anyone over 6 months old who is willing to vaccinate and has no contraindications can voluntarily vaccinate against influenza at his own expense.

Prevention of other respiratory infectious diseases in spring

Respiratory infectious diseases are infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma and other pathogens, which are mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract. The weather in spring is changeable, the temperature difference between morning and evening is large, and the immunity of human body is relatively low, which is particularly vulnerable to the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and causes respiratory diseases. Besides COVID-19 and influenza, common respiratory infectious diseases in spring include mumps, chickenpox, measles, rubella and scarlet fever. Different respiratory infectious diseases have different clinical manifestations, mainly including fever, sore throat, headache, cough, expectoration, rash and fatigue. Collective units such as kindergartens, schools and nursing homes are at greater risk of cluster cases, which need to be paid attention to.

Health tips

Although the clinical manifestations are different, the modes of transmission of respiratory infectious diseases are mainly through air and contact, so the methods to prevent various respiratory infectious diseases are also common, including the following measures:

1. Maintain good personal and environmental hygiene, wash your hands frequently and pay attention to indoor ventilation and cleanliness. Drink more boiled water, strengthen outdoor physical exercise and improve your immunity.

2. During the peak epidemic period, people should avoid going to crowded places, and wear masks in public places such as hospitals, subways, buses and shopping malls to avoid excessive fatigue and catching cold. When coughing or sneezing, you should cover your mouth and nose with handkerchiefs and paper towels to avoid the spread of droplets. If you have related symptoms, you should seek medical attention in time, reduce contact with others and try to rest at home.

3. Schools and kindergartens should focus on preventing respiratory cluster cases or outbreaks, and strictly implement prevention and control measures such as morning and afternoon check-up, missing classes due to illness, ventilation and disinfection, etc. Once a cluster epidemic occurs, it should be reported to the health and education departments in a timely manner.

4. Vaccination is a very effective protective means to prevent all kinds of respiratory infectious diseases. For infectious diseases with vaccine prevention, such as measles, chickenpox and mumps, children, the elderly and other susceptible groups should be vaccinated in time and in the whole process according to the relevant vaccination requirements.

Prevention of Norovirus Infectious Diarrhea

Norovirus is a common pathogen that causes cluster diarrhea/acute gastroenteritis in schools and kindergartens. The main symptoms are vomiting in children and diarrhea in adults. Norovirus spreads in various ways, mainly through ingestion of food or water contaminated by feces or vomit, contact with patients’ feces or vomit, inhalation of aerosol generated during vomiting, and indirect contact with articles and environment contaminated by feces or vomit. At the beginning of the school season, norovirus infection has entered a period of high incidence, so schools and kindergartens should focus on it and take protective measures.

Health tips

1. Maintaining good hand hygiene is the most important and effective measure to prevent norovirus infection and control the spread of norovirus. Wash your hands carefully with soap and running water for at least 30 seconds before and after meals. It should be noted that sterilized paper towels and washless hand sanitizers cannot replace hand washing.

2. Pay attention to the hygiene of drinking water and maintain good eating habits. Wash fruits and vegetables carefully, cook food correctly, and avoid eating cold and unclean food, especially those with high risk of norovirus infection such as shellfish and seafood, which should be thoroughly cooked. Do not drink raw water, drinking utensils should be disinfected regularly to ensure drinking water hygiene.

3. Patients with norovirus gastroenteritis should be isolated at home until 2 days after the symptoms completely disappear, so as to avoid infecting others. If family members are infected with norovirus, patients should use their own utensils and daily necessities, try not to have close contact with their families, and pay special attention not to make food or take care of the elderly and infants.

4. In case of Norovirus clustering epidemic, emergency response should be done well, focusing on standardized disposal of patients’ feces and vomit, and strict disinfection should be carried out on the surfaces of environmental objects, daily necessities, food processing tools and drinking water contaminated by patients’ vomit, feces and other pollutants.

5. Nursery institutions, schools and other collective units should strengthen the safety management of food and drinking water, and those who suffer from gastrointestinal discomfort such as diarrhea and vomiting in food practitioners should temporarily leave their posts. Do a good job in class morning and afternoon check-up and registration of absence due to illness. Once children and students are found to have symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, they should be sent to the hospital for treatment and report to the local health and education departments in time.

Pay attention to safety when traveling in spring

In March, the temperature rose, spring blossomed, everything recovered, and it was the right time to travel. The general public should pay attention to personal protection when going out to play, to prevent allergic rhinitis, asthma and food poisoning caused by pollen allergy, and to prevent accidental injuries.

Health tips

1. Before going out, you should know the weather and road information in advance, change clothes in time according to climate change, avoid going out in bad weather, improve personal safety awareness, pay attention to traffic safety and prevent accidental injuries.

2. Don’t pick, buy, process and eat wild vegetables, wild fruits and fungi that are unfamiliar or of unknown origin when going out for an outing.

3. Pay attention to food safety, do not eat incompletely cooked food, and do not drink unclean raw water. When eating out, you must pay attention to choosing a regular restaurant or restaurant with good sanitary conditions.

4. People with allergic history should go to places with lush flowers and trees as little as possible, and don’t touch wild flowers and plants casually. When going out for an outing, it is best to bring anti-allergic drugs, wear hats, masks and long-sleeved clothes, try to avoid direct contact with pollen, and seek medical advice in time if you feel unwell.

Spring is the season of high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases.

It’s the turn of winter and spring.

Repeated climate change

In addition, there are more population movements.

In places where people are relatively concentrated

It is easy to cause the spread of respiratory infectious diseases

Remind family and friends to take precautions.

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Prevention of virus infection and influenza … The latest tips for Xi ‘an disease control Shaanxi Net Touch to read the original.

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Original title: "Prevention of virus infection and influenza … The latest tips for disease control in Xi ‘an"

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　　Yantai Development Zone Senior Middle School held the ceremony of campus youth adulthood. Photo courtesy of Yantai Education Bureau

　　editorial comment/note

　　In the process of educational reform and development, many typical models have emerged. They have had an important influence and made important contributions in the history of new China’s education development. For many years, they have also been persistent in the journey of educational reform. In order to present these typical new achievements and experiences in further promoting education reform, starting from today, this newspaper will open the column of "70 Years of Magnificence and Typical Return Visit in the New Era of Struggle", and successively publish the typical return visit reports that have been launched by this newspaper, so please pay attention.

　

　　Quality education is an unavoidable topic in contemporary China education. From the early days of reform and opening up, many places have begun to explore hard. In this exploration, Yantai is another unavoidable place.

　　In 1984, the first experimental area of educational reform in China was born in Yantai. In 1990, the State Education Commission identified Yantai as a pilot city for comprehensive urban education reform in China. In 1992, Yantai’s experience in quality education reform attracted much attention, and People’s Daily and China Education News reported it one after another. In September 1997, the national experience exchange meeting of quality education in primary and secondary schools was held in Yantai, which became an advanced model of quality education in China.

　　In the development history of quality education, the pace of Yantai people’s reform has never stopped. For more than 30 years, they have unswervingly implemented quality education and written a rich and colorful stroke.

　　Recently, our reporter went deep into Yantai, Shandong Province for investigation and interview, revisited the forefront and fiery scene of the reform in that year, and analyzed the latest progress of quality education reform, with a view to providing a reference model for the latecomers who promote quality education today with Yantai, the "living fossil" of quality education.

　　From the individual to the whole — —

　　Always take the growth of students as the foundation.

　　Qu Wenteng, a chemistry teacher at Dayao Middle School in Muping District, is very happy in recent years. Because of the appearance of the tutorial case, a teaching pain point that has plagued him for many years has been solved at once: the problem of uneven students’ level — — Some people don’t have enough to eat, and some people can’t eat.

　　The guiding plan adheres to the design principle of few, precise and thoughtful. By designing hierarchical learning objectives, leading questions and corresponding exercises, students with different learning situations can be guided to find their own content and methods. This efficient classroom reform with the guidance plan as the core has been carried out in Dayao Middle School for more than ten years. President Sui Zhengong said that this model is based on respecting students’ differences, aiming at developing students’ differences and cultivating students’ self-learning ability, and its core is student-oriented.

　　Speaking of the concept of differentiated teaching, Sui Zhengong said that this is actually in line with the junior high school quality education reform implemented by Dayao Middle School more than 30 years ago.

　　Back in the 1980s, in order to consolidate the achievements of "Nine-Year General Education" and better implement quality education in junior high schools, Yantai City, starting from the goal of all-round development, lost no time in launching the overall reform plan of "two-for-all, two-for-four reform" with classified guidance and separate teaching as the main ways, with 16 different types of junior high schools such as Dayao Middle School in Muping District, Beima Middle School in Longkou City and Qixia Experimental Middle School taking the lead in "classified guidance".

　　Dayao Middle School at that time was the pioneer of reform. Under the leadership of Li Peizhi, then principal of the school, the school explored and built a junior high school education model of "two parts", which was praised as "the golden key to open junior high school quality education". Subsequently, Dayao Middle School was recognized as "an advanced model of quality education in primary and secondary schools in China" by the State Education Commission and relevant experts. In September 1997, the State Education Commission held a national experience exchange meeting on quality education in primary and secondary schools in Yantai, and Dayao Middle School was selected as a "junior high school" to visit the site.

　　From the individual to the whole, this question, which was once placed in front of Li Peizhi and Sui Zhengong, got a similar answer in line with the spirit of the times under the concept of differentiated teaching.

　　More than 30 years have passed, and the research on differential education has never stopped in Yantai. The research on differential education has become an excellent research project that regional professional researchers and front-line principals and teachers have participated in and adhered to for 23 years. More than 1,000 experimental teachers from 212 experimental schools have participated in the project experiment. The research achievement won the second prize of provincial basic education teaching achievement twice in a row.

　　Focusing on the all-round development of students, the student-oriented curriculum reform is being continuously and comprehensively promoted in Yantai. At present, differentiated teaching has been extended to all disciplines and all aspects of school work, and different students have obtained development paths suitable for their own growth here.

　　From result to process — —

　　Always take evaluation reform as the guide.

　　Sports and art are a happy thing in Laizhou bilingual school. This is the goal that President Zhao Fuqing has been pursuing for many years. "I just want to make sports and art change from passive to conscious, from task to interest, and from result to process."

　　In order to achieve this goal, the school has set up a set of evaluation system of physical arts based on process evaluation, such as classroom observers, nine-day sports meeting, home sports homework, sports cooperation teaching, and the evaluation scheme of "physical fitness+skills" & HELIP; …

　　The sports meeting of Laizhou Bilingual School lasts for 9 days, from class to department and then to the whole school. Everyone is an athlete and everyone can get evaluation. During holidays, with the participation of parents, students have to complete a physical exercise every day; In the classroom, evaluation is divided into teacher evaluation and student evaluation, and student evaluation evaluates and summarizes the performance of each group by classroom observers in each class … …

　　Zhao Fuqing, who has been teaching for many years, has participated in and experienced the quality education reform in Yantai for many years. In his view, Yantai’s sports and arts reform comes down in one continuous line.

　　After the resumption of the college entrance examination in 1977, Yantai’s enrollment rate has been among the best in Shandong Province, and people used to be proud of it. Later, in order to pursue the enrollment rate, some schools began to take further studies as the baton and cut off the courses of music, physical education and beauty.

　　The reform of quality education in Yantai begins with the reform of examination system and evaluation system. First of all, the reform of the 100-point system was abolished in primary schools, and the evaluation method of "grade+specialty+comment" was implemented to liberate primary school students from the weight of scores. All subjects in primary schools are assessed by sub-items, and rated according to four grades: excellent, good, passing and failing. The assessment will be carried out by combining the daily examination with the comprehensive examination.

　　Looking back on the past, how similar this is. Since 2012, Yantai Education Bureau has studied and put forward the idea of school physical education reform of "scientific research leading, administrative promotion, point-to-area and regional promotion", taking the lead in establishing the development concept of "healthy sports, scientific sports and all-round sports" in the country. After more than six years of exploration and practice, the city’s education system has gradually established a five-in-one school physical education reform system of "complete guarantee, curriculum optimization, training promotion, competition guidance and standard guidance", laying a solid foundation for students’ lifelong physical education.

　　From the baton focusing on results to the evaluation system focusing on process, Yantai quality education has blossomed in various campuses. On the campus of Penglai No.2 Experimental Primary School, the hall of the teaching building has become a stage for students to display, and the most conspicuous wall is reserved for the "one-star" students who perform best every month. Even the piano in the corner has become a stage for students to compete for display, and the campus is full of students’ cheers and smiling faces. At the Second Experimental Primary School in Muping District, every day at noon, the reading forum starts on time and persists every day, rain or shine. This normalized speech activity has cultivated students’ confidence and ability to speak and express in front of everyone.

　　From school to society — —

　　Always aim at all-round development.

　　For students living in Yantai, social practice is a necessary action to participate in and complete with their parents.

　　Since the summer of 2013, Yantai has organized and guided students and parents to participate in the social practice activities of "practice base group, social big classroom" in the city by means of "parents’ full participation and timely guidance from the school", and entered social venues such as museums, nuclear power plants and air forces that are open to primary and secondary school students free of charge.

　　After more than six years, Yantai has gradually established a comprehensive practical activity curriculum system with the theme of "ideal moral construction, vocational skills training, scientific exploration and innovation, and comprehensive quality improvement" and the characteristics of "school+base group". Up to now, Yantai has built 33 municipal social practice listing bases, 139 county-level listing bases and 560 school-level listing bases, and the characteristic practice education base group of primary and secondary schools has begun to take shape.

　　The comprehensive practical curriculum system in full swing is just one of the two wings of the new regional integrated moral education curriculum system that Yantai has continuously promoted in recent years. On the whole, Yantai’s framework is a new framework of "one subject and two wings" regional integrated moral education curriculum, which focuses on subject moral education curriculum and takes traditional culture curriculum and practical activity curriculum as two wings.

　　"The outstanding feature of the new system of Yantai regional integration moral education curriculum is three combinations." Xu Jianmin, director of Yantai Education Bureau, introduced that the combination of administrative decision-making and scientific research guidance, inheritance and innovation and development, and school, family and social education should be adhered to.

　　Since it was established as a national experimental area for educational reform in 1984, Yantai has made rich experience and achievements in the field of moral education reform in primary and secondary schools while deepening the reform of quality education. On the one hand, Yantai organically integrates the scattered experience of a single point, and then grasps the point and gives full play to the role of demonstration radiation; On the other hand, based on the new situation and requirements of moral education and the new situation and problems of school moral education reform and development, the classic educational wisdom is organically integrated into the brand-new moral education practice.

　　After three years of exploration and practice, the reform and development of integrated moral education curriculum in Yantai city is in good condition. Five schools in the city have been rated as national excellent Chinese traditional culture demonstration schools, and the moral education courses of more than 130 schools have become gold medals in their respective districts and cities, becoming the "favorite" for school principals and teachers in the city and the region to watch and learn.

　　Walking into the second experimental primary school in Muping District, I was just catching up with an "apricot" thing at school: picking apricots. In the school’s "pocket garden" and dozens of apricot trees near the courtyard wall, golden and full apricots are ripe. The students excitedly and carefully picked the apricots they planted one by one.

　　President Jiang Yuemei introduced that in order to provide students with sufficient practice space and create opportunities for "working all the time", the school has carried out four aspects of work: developing "pocket vegetable garden" and building a labor platform; Scientific planting management to improve labor quality; Carry out research study to enhance labor skills; Take advantage of the charity sale and feel the meaning of labor. It is worth mentioning that according to the solar terms, the school compiled the school-based textbook "Follow the solar terms", and these "small farmers" followed the solar terms textbook to carry out inquiry learning and research.

　　In 2017, the integrated observation and exchange activities of moral education courses in primary and secondary schools in Shandong Province were held in Yantai, which was highly praised by the Provincial Department of Education and peers in the province. In 2018, the results of the integrated reform of Yantai moral education curriculum won the second prize of the provincial basic education teaching achievements.

　　From Method to Theory — —

　　Always guided by education and scientific research.

　　Under the observation and discussion of more than 600 people in two days, Yin Shaoping, the principal of Zhaoyuan Experimental Primary School, has a deeper and broader understanding of the "12xue internet plus Teaching Characteristic Model" that she insists on, and at the same time, she has strengthened her confidence in going on. In November 2018, the "Yantai Education and Scientific Research Tour" series of activities was held in Zhaoyuan, Yantai. More than 600 people from all the staff, principals of primary and secondary schools and key teachers of all counties and cities participated in the activities.

　　"This session is ‘ A trip to education and scientific research ’ The ninth stop. " Guan Xiji, Dean of Yantai Academy of Educational Sciences, said that this activity was started in 2010 in Yantai, and it entered a county every year. The number of participants exceeded 1,000 for many years. The content of the activity deepened year by year, and the coverage continued to expand. A large number of advanced units and outstanding teachers emerged with this platform, forming a core brand in the field of regional education and scientific research.

　　"Yantai’s quality education reform has always had an important principle — — Guided by scientific research. " Guan Xiji hit home.

　　Xu Jianmin put forward the basic requirements of "improving our work with research spirit, research thinking, research methods and research standards, taking research as a way of work and becoming the level of work we pursue", and "promoting educational research with administrative power and carrying out educational administration with research spirit".

　　It is under the guidance of research spirit that Yantai can break through the primary stage of finding solutions to practical problems and transform and refine various reforms into scientific tools and even theories in time. According to statistics, in 2016, the first outstanding achievements in educational science research in Shandong Province were selected, and Yantai ranked first in the province in terms of the number of awards, the passing rate and the fields involved; In 2017, the number, passing rate and categories involved in the annual project of the 13 th Five-Year Plan for Education Science in Shandong Province ranked first in the province; In 2018, the province’s basic education teaching achievement award passed the second place in the province; In 2019, the passing rate of basic education and teaching reform projects in Shandong Province once again ranked first in the province.

　　Thirty years of hard work. In the late 1980s, for a long time after the resumption of the college entrance examination, students, parents, schools and society were all pursuing the enrollment rate, and there were many calls for reform, and all localities explored ways to promote students’ all-round development. The quality education reform in Yantai is just the right time.

　　From "cancel the percentage system and implement ‘ Grade+specialty+comment ’ The evaluation method, liberating primary school students from the weight of scores ",to" implementing ‘ Classification guidance ’ , implemented in the graduation grade ‘ Diversion education ’ , don’t have to hordes to squeeze ‘ A wooden bridge ’ " Finally, to "reform the enrollment system of senior high school entrance examination, link the enrollment quota of senior high schools and technical secondary schools with the conditions and level of running schools in towns and villages, and turn the competition for further education into the competition for running schools" … …

　　In 1997, the national experience exchange meeting on quality education in primary and secondary schools was held in Yantai. The meeting not only summed up the experience, but also made a comprehensive plan and deployment for the implementation of quality education throughout the country. This marks that the reform of quality education in China has entered the stage of national reform from regional experiment.

　　Yantai contributed a lot.

　　Now, when you walk into Yantai, you will find that learning has become a happy and fulfilling thing. Students with comprehensive qualities have made great achievements in the college entrance examination and talented people have emerged in large numbers. Walking into Yantai, you will find that the implementation of quality education is no longer a slogan, but a real action by governments, schools and teachers at all levels; Walking into Yantai, you will find that the strategic vision and great courage of the pioneers of reform have been inherited in the same strain, and the motivation for reform has not diminished.

　　Yantai, always on the road … …

　　Our reporter Yan Yuekun Zhang Shenghua correspondent Lu Peng

Li Gang, a reporter from Jinyang. com, and Yue Huanxuan, a correspondent, reported that on the 22nd, the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group handed over 177 reports to Guangdong Province, including 19 repeated complaints and 158 actual cases (including 24 key cases identified by the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group). For specific information on case assignment and handling, please refer to the website columns of the provincial, municipal government and environmental protection departments. Please scan the QR code for related links.

According to the arrangement, the stationing time of the Fifth Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group is one month. During the stationing period (June 5-July 5), a special duty telephone number is set up: 020-87766710, and a special postal box is set up: Guangzhou 713, with the postal code of 510000. The time for the inspector group to receive the report phone is 8: 00-20: 00 every day.

Extend local action

Foshan: The person in charge of pickling wastewater discharge in an enterprise in Jiujiang was detained.

Foshan received a case from the Fifth Environmental Protection Inspector Group of the Central Committee, claiming that Nanjinzhong Hardware Factory in Jiujiang Town discharged pungent exhaust gas at will, causing troubles to surrounding restaurants and residents. After taking over, on June 10th, the environmental protection departments at the municipal, district and town levels joined hands to carry out on-site inspection of Nanjinzhong Hardware Factory in Jiujiang Town. After investigation, the plant was put into production without environmental protection acceptance. According to the requirements of EIA approval, the plant should use diesel as fuel, but its curing furnace is filled with a lot of granular biomass fuel. In the production process, the factory has no supporting waste gas treatment facilities, and the waste gas generated in the drying process is discharged directly without treatment. In addition, there is pickling wastewater from the pickling and derusting process in this factory, and some of the wastewater is discharged from the factory through the concealed pipe and flows into the sewage pipe network without treatment. The environmental protection department has transferred the clues of the case that the factory constitutes the crime of environmental pollution to the public security department for handling. On June 10th, Jiujiang Town Police Station imposed criminal detention on the main person in charge of the factory and the wastewater treatment workers.

Shaoguan: Two illegal construction sites without a license at night in urban areas were investigated.

Recently, many citizens complained that some urban construction sites were under construction late at night, which seriously affected the normal rest of surrounding residents. After taking over, the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau strengthened the supervision of the construction sites, and conducted surprise inspections at night on six construction sites, including Oupu Yulong Bay Phase II, Poly Chenyue Garden, Shaoguan Fuli City and high-speed railway station Plaza.　　

During the inspection, it was found that all kinds of noises made by the construction site of Baoli Chenyue Garden Project were particularly loud in the middle of the night, and the chainsaw started at the second phase of Tianxi Bay in Country Garden Sun City was very sharp and harsh. After investigation, the construction sites of Poly Chenyue Garden and Country Garden Sun City Tianzhu Bay Phase II were all illegal acts without night construction permit, and law enforcement officers immediately ordered the construction units of the two construction sites to stop construction immediately. Law enforcement officials said that in areas where noise-sensitive buildings are concentrated in cities, except for emergency repairs and rescue operations, it is forbidden to carry out construction work with environmental noise pollution at night.

Heyuan: A mining company in Longchuan County has been rectified for noise nuisance.

The citizens reported to the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group that there was noise pollution in Longchuan Haifeng Mining Co., Ltd., especially the noise generated by the operation of 16 water mills and 4 large forklifts, which had a certain impact on the lives of nearby residents. Longchuan county environmental protection law enforcement officers went to investigate and deal with it, and found that Haifeng Mining’s noise pollution prevention and control facilities were relatively simple, and the reported part was true. According to the on-site inspection, Longchuan County Environmental Protection Bureau issued a Decision on Ordering to Correct Illegal Acts to the company, demanding that the noise pollution prevention and control facilities be further improved, and measures such as enclosure and shielding should be taken to reduce the impact on the surrounding environment. Without the complainant’s permission, production should not be allowed from 22: 00 p.m. to 6: 00 the next day.

At present, Haifeng Mining has carried out rectification as required, built a sound-proof wall near the residents of the factory, and enclosed the factory, installed a sound-proof baffle on one side of the relevant production workshop, and stopped production from 22: 00 pm to 6: 00 the next day as required to reduce the impact of noise on the surrounding environment.

Huizhou: Three electroplating plants in Huiyang were stopped for rectification due to the direct discharge of waste gas disturbing people.

The masses reported to the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group that the three electroplating processing plants located in Kengtang Village, Xinxu Town, Huiyang District had problems such as direct exhaust and waste gas disturbing people. Huiyang District immediately organized environmental protection, public security, safety supervision and other relevant departments and Xinxu Town Government to inspect the site. The three electroplating factories complained by the masses were Huizhou Yuanhui Hardware Electroplating Co., Ltd., Huiyang District Xinxu Xinlong Hardware Products Processing Factory and Huizhou Huiyang District Kengtang Electroplating Factory. It was found that all three enterprises had exhaust gas collection systems and exhaust gas treatment facilities, but some workshops opened their windows and did not adopt closed facilities to collect exhaust gas. Immediately, the law enforcement officers ordered the person in charge of the enterprise to correct immediately and take effective measures to collect the waste gas to prevent the waste gas from overflowing in the workshop. At present, all three enterprises have stopped production and rectified the waste gas collection equipment and facilities. Next, the Environmental Protection Bureau of Huiyang District will continue to follow up, increase the frequency of inspection and monitoring, and urge enterprises to carry out vertical reform to ensure that the waste gas from the workshops of the three enterprises is effectively collected and treated and discharged up to standard.

Zhongshan: tanzhou town filed a case to investigate and deal with "investment before inspection" enterprises.

After receiving the case of "No sewage treatment facility in the crushing and cleaning plant of a plastic factory, and it is suspected that the sewage is discharged directly into the river" assigned by the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group, Tanzhou Environmental Protection Branch took prompt action in the afternoon to make a surprise inspection of Ma’s plastic processing plant involved. The inspection found that the processing plant has a plastic product processing project, which produces production wastewater during the processing, and the wastewater is recycled after precipitation without discharge. Because the operator Ma was unable to provide EIA documents and acceptance materials, on-site law enforcement officers sealed up the main production equipment of the factory. In view of the environmental violations of the factory involving "the environmental protection facilities that need to be built in the construction project have not passed the acceptance, and the construction project will be put into production or use", the case was investigated and dealt with.

Zhaoqing: complaints and reports from the masses that Gaoyao scattered polluting factories and enterprises were seized.

There is a plastic factory in Pingbu Langtou Village, Jindu Town, Gaoyao District, Zhaoqing City, which illegally occupies farmland and emits waste gas. Many departments in Gaoyao District conducted investigation and handling. After investigation, the complaint refers to three plastic processing plants, including Yuesheng Plant, Yongliang Plant and Jianquan Plant, and the nature of the land used is leased collective construction land. Among them, Yuesheng factory covers an area of more than 20 mu, and did not go through the formalities of land use. In 2015, the land department investigated and dealt with it on a special project, and imposed a fine of nearly 150,000, which was enforced in 2017.

In addition, after verification by the environmental protection department, Yuesheng Factory has environmental protection procedures, but it is not equipped with dust removal facilities. Yongliang Factory and Jianquan Factory have no environmental protection approval procedures, and plastic waste raw materials are piled up on site, which is rather messy. Gaoyao District ordered Yuesheng Factory to improve the dust removal facilities, ordered Yongliang Factory and Jianquan Factory to stop production and construction, and listed the two factories in the list of scattered pollution, which has been sealed up at present.

Jiangmen: Pengjiang No.1 Village Committee was investigated for illegal use of forest land and unlicensed logging.

The masses reported to the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group that the relevant departments in Pengjiang District of Xinchang Yuanzaishan Industrial Park immediately investigated and dealt with the waste gas stolen by Fangxing Non-woven Fabric Factory in Pengjiang District of Jiangmen City and the complaints related to deforestation by Xinchang Village Committee.

After investigation, the waste gas produced by Fangxing Nonwoven Fabric Factory in Pengjiang District, Jiangmen City was discharged from the 15m exhaust pipe after being treated by two sets of UV photolysis and water spraying waste gas treatment equipment. Because the enterprise did not obtain the sewage discharge permit, the project was put into production, which was illegal sewage discharge without a license, and law enforcement officers immediately filed a case for investigation.

In response to the problem of deforestation caused by excavation by Xinchang Village Committee, after investigation, Xinchang Village Committee obtained the land use right of Yuanshanzai Industrial Park in Xinchang Village, Tangxia Town through the state-owned land transfer procedure on May 14, 2013, and the forest land involved did not go through the procedures of using forest land and logging in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, which was suspected of illegal use of forest land and logging without a license. In the next step, the Agriculture, Forestry and Water Affairs Bureau of Pengjiang District will further investigate forest-related violations, verify the illegal use of forest land, and deal with it according to laws and regulations.

　　The Chengdu Civil Affairs Work Conference in 2023, held on March 2, not only showed the "report card" but also drew a "road map": Chengdu Civil Affairs System will implement nine major actions this year, such as caring for minors, raising the minimum living allowance, expanding the scope and accurately covering the bottom, and promoting the implementation of 64 key projects in six categories in the civil affairs field, such as old-age services, funeral, child welfare, mental health welfare, assistance and juvenile protection.

　　Bright answer sheet:

　　Completed six practical things about people’s livelihood in the province and four practical things about people’s livelihood.

　　The "key small things" in the field of people’s livelihood have always been the "top priority" of the party Committee and government. Turning over Chengdu’s "People’s Livelihood Answer Sheet" in 2022, the "cashing" of every livelihood project has promoted the continuous rise of Chengdu people’s happiness index.

　　In the past year, Chengdu Civil Affairs Bureau focused on "one old and one small" and special groups, strengthened the basic public service functions of civil affairs, and completed six practical things for the people’s livelihood in the province and four practical things for the citizens. The city distributed 756 million yuan of subsistence allowances and helped 90,000 people with subsistence allowances; 35 community pension service complexes have been built; Create 15 municipal demonstration towns (streets) for the protection of minors and build 2 grass-roots positions for the protection of minors; Build 51 charity demonstration communities (villages).

　　In strengthening the protection of people’s livelihood, we will give full play to the "micro-grid" operation mechanism, organize regular visits and care for more than 160,000 special hardship groups in the city, and reach 100% weekly visits to key targets such as elderly people living alone; The city’s charity system received donations of 163 million yuan, spent 114 million yuan and helped more than 661,000 people. We will increase temporary assistance to people and their families who are unable to return to work or have difficulties in employment and life due to the impact of the epidemic. We will spend 31 million yuan of temporary assistance funds and 28,000 people.　

　　In view of the construction of the old-age service system, 28 policies and measures have been introduced to accelerate the development of the old-age service, attracting high-quality enterprises to invest in the development of the old-age service industry in this city; In the whole year, the subsidy for service beds was 25,551,800 yuan, and 270 socialized old-age care institutions and 12,600 old-age beds were subsidized; We will improve the old-age care system in home community institutions, and build 234 community nursing homes, 2,748 community day care centers and 508 elderly food service points, and 18 county-level nursing homes for the extremely poor in 17 agricultural areas (cities) and counties.

　　At the same time, it will help modernize the grassroots governance system and governance capacity of megacities, and support four districts (cities) and counties to successfully establish provincial-level urban and rural community governance pilots; Register and carry out the "civil capital verification service" for social organizations, and complete the credit identification of more than 12,000 social organizations in the city; Guide social organizations to build employment service platforms and help more than 6,000 people get jobs; District, street and community social work stations (rooms) have achieved full coverage, and 4,794 community social work posts have been developed. All urban and rural communities enjoy professional social work services.

　　In terms of improving the level of special social affairs management services, we will do a good job in the "city-wide" and "inter-provincial" work of marriage registration, and handle 175,400 pairs of marriage registration throughout the year; Set up a "one thing behind" convenience service in Tianfu Citizen Cloud, and simultaneously set up an offline dispatching operation center to complete the construction of the "smart funeral" information system; We improved the community rehabilitation service network for mental disorders and the rental service network for rehabilitation AIDS, with a cumulative service of 86,300 person-times.

　　Draw a blueprint:

　　Do a good job in eight livelihood issues and carry out nine special actions.

　　How to innovate and develop the old-age service institutions? How to better serve people with special difficulties? How can social organizations help the industry to build a circle and strengthen the chain?

　　Looking forward to 2023, Chengdu Civil Affairs Bureau will take the construction of an all-age friendly society as the overall plan, and take the "year of reform and promotion" as the main line to implement eight practical matters concerning civil affairs and people’s livelihood:

　　10,000 elderly people living alone in empty nests are suitable for aging transformation; Build 27 community pension service complexes and promote the construction of "15-minute pension service circle"; Develop friendly communities with cognitive impairment for the elderly and build 23 demonstration communities; Construction of 100 food aid points for the elderly; Achieve a centralized support rate of 100% for willing and qualified poor people; Construction of 9 demonstration towns (streets) for the protection of minors and 3 positions for the protection of minors; Promote Huimin funeral and green funeral, and build 10 convenience funeral halls; To carry out community rehabilitation services for mental disorders, the service sites cover more than 60% of the towns (streets) in the city, and no less than 157 community service sites have been built.

　　How to implement various livelihood issues? In 2023, Chengdu Civil Affairs Bureau will not only promote the orderly implementation of 64 key projects in six categories, including old-age care services, funeral and burial, child welfare, mental health welfare, assistance and protection of minors, but also carry out nine special actions, which will also paint a more concrete blueprint — —

　　Pilot and demonstrate the implementation of the special action of caring for minors, focusing on the professional advantages of medical institutions and solving the outstanding physical and mental health problems of minors.

　　Social workers organized a caring campaign to visit millions of people in need, and supported 100 town (street) social work stations and 1,000 village (community) social work rooms to provide services for 100,000 people with special difficulties.

　　Hundreds of social organizations help the industry to build a strong chain, support social organizations to focus on the development needs of 26 key industrial chains identified by the city, give full play to their technological advantages, talent advantages and resource advantages, and implement professional services in all aspects of midwifery and strong production.

　　We will raise the minimum living standard and expand the scope accurately, appropriately expand the coverage of the minimum living allowance assistance policy according to the categories of bottom-up, support and protection, and implement household insurance, single-person insurance and classified assistance according to the degree of difficulty and the causes of difficulties of the people in need.

　　With the help of "wisdom Rongcheng" and micro-grid entity, we will improve the full coverage mechanism of basic information, innovate the "five-society linkage" mechanism, and improve the quality and efficiency of the service of solving problems and relieving difficulties and visiting and caring.

　　The construction of an open compound pension service institution will promote the transformation and development of pension service institutions in the post-epidemic era, release the vitality of pension service institutions, and strive to build an open compound pension service institution without a "fence". In 2023, at least 25 open compound pension service institutions will be built, which will be open to the society in an orderly and classified manner, providing residents with low-paid or free meal assistance services, day care services, cultural and sports activities for the elderly and other service functions.

　　We will expand the scope and improve the quality of smart civil affairs, deepen the "Wang" structure of smart Rongcheng, speed up the resolution of outstanding problems such as compartmentalization and industry division in the construction of civil affairs information systems, and improve the efficiency of civil affairs services.

　　Open up the smart development of civil affairs, seize new opportunities for development, promote the high-quality development of civil affairs with the new attitude of openness and sharing and the new concept of smart intelligence, build an open and service-oriented civil affairs, improve the socialization level of civil affairs, break down regional barriers and information barriers, and build an open and effective communication platform; Promote the precise docking, integrated development, transfer and transformation of politics, learning and research, use wisdom and leverage, enhance the scientific, professional and feasible decision-making of civil affairs, comprehensively promote the modernization of civil affairs in Chengdu, and achieve smart development.

　　The list of basic old-age care services will be released and implemented, the working mechanism of basic old-age care services will be improved, and the supply of multiple varieties of health care, medical care and cultural care will be provided to promote the basic old-age care services to benefit all the elderly.

In ord to protect that legitimate rights and interest of female consumers,

Guide to buy women’s products with confidence.

Recently, our bureau has sold the products in the whole city.

The quality of sanitary napkins (sanitary pads, sanitary pants) was sampled.

What’s the situation?

Come ~ watch it together ~

Detection and judgment basis

This time, 10 batches of sanitary napkins (sanitary pads and sanitary pants) were randomly sampled, mainly based on the national standards GB/T 8939-2018 Sanitary napkins (pads), GB 15979-2002 Hygienic standard for disposable sanitary products and GB/T 462-2008 Determination of moisture in analytical samples of paper, paperboard and pulp.

Testing items include

Product inspection items mainly include key indicators such as water absorption rate, absorption speed, pH, total bacterial colonies, total fungal colonies, coliforms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, formaldehyde content, migratory fluorescent substances, and peeling strength of adhesive.

So which products are they?

Attach details for everyone ~

List of qualified sanitary napkins (sanitary pads, sanitary pants) product quality sampling results in 2023

Source: Product Quality and Safety Supervision and Management Section

The emission standards of Chang ‘an Yidong vary according to the model and year. Generally speaking, from 2010 to 2014, the emission standard of most Changan Yidong vehicles is National IV (that is, the European emission standard Euro4); Since 2015, the emission standards of the newly produced Changan Yidong vehicles have reached the national five (that is, the European emission standard Euro 5) standard.

It should be noted that the models in different years and regions may be different. To determine the specific emission standards of specific models, it is best to consult the vehicle manual or contact the customer service of Changan Automobile.

　　【Chexun. com reported】On November 2, 2024 (Chongqing), Aouita Science and Technology announced that the future smart luxury car — — Aouita 12 pairs of power officially listed. The new car has launched a total of six models with pure electric power and extended range power, and the official price starts from 269,900 yuan; The price of the Royal Theater Edition is 429,900 yuan. From now on, users can order through official channels such as Aouita App, Aouita official website, Aouita applets and stores in major cities across the country, and the products will be delivered as soon as they are listed.

　　At the same time, in view of the listing of the brand-new Aouita 12, Aouita also launched a heavy car purchase courtesy, with a maximum value of 27,000 yuan. Before November 13, 2024, Dading users can enjoy four limited-time rights: the first owner’s lifetime three-electricity warranty, the insurance subsidy coupon of up to 7,000 yuan, the equivalent deduction coupon of 20,000 yuan ADS high-level function package, and the zero down payment and low interest for the whole term. In addition, you can also enjoy five basic rights and interests: five-year or 120,000-kilometer vehicle warranty, eight-year or 160,000-kilometer three-power warranty, unlimited mileage free road rescue during the vehicle warranty period, giving away basic traffic of vehicle networking and 10G cockpit entertainment traffic every month, and giving away advanced ADS function packages.

　　As the flagship car of Aouita, the new Aouita 12 deeply integrates the core technological advantages of Changan Automobile, Huawei and Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, and is advanced in power, intelligent driving, safety and luxury experience. Chen Zhuo, president of Aouita Science and Technology, said: "The newly upgraded Aouita 12 will become the only choice of extended-range power, the only choice of Huawei’s three-laser intelligent driving and the only choice of all-factor luxury cockpit among high-end cars of the same class."

　　Kunlun extended the journey and blessed Gankun Zhijia, and the high-value experience was advanced in an all-round way.

　　Facing the increasingly diversified and continuously upgraded user demand, Aouita Science and Technology, with its profound accumulation and forward-looking insight in the field of smart electric vehicles, continues to deepen technological innovation and carefully lay out the product matrix, and constantly creates new travel experiences beyond expectations for consumers.

　　As the second product of Kunlun extended-range technology, Aouita 12 extended-range car will be the first high-end extended-range car in the industry, meeting the travel needs of users with more yuan and higher quality. The new car adopts the full-stack self-developed Kunlun extended range technology, and is matched with Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited 39kWh Xiaoyao super battery, which brings the extremely powerful, extremely quiet and extremely worry-free car experience comparable to pure electric vehicles. In terms of power, the Aouita 12 extended-range version feeds 100 kilometers with an acceleration of 7.2 seconds, which is only 0.5 seconds worse than that of full power, and the attenuation in the extended-range field is the lowest; At the same time, the Aouita 12 Extended Range Edition can achieve the strongest acceleration in the industry for 25 consecutive times without attenuation. In terms of quietness, through the application of new technologies such as the world’s first electronic oil pump, the active control of the unique stop piston at the same level, and the noise reduction of the strongest electric drive in the industry, the quiet performance of the idle speed of 37.7dB and 120km/h is as low as 64.7db. In terms of battery life, pure electricity can reach up to 245km, comprehensive battery life can reach up to 1155km, and fuel consumption under WLTC condition is as low as 5.8L/100km. Aouita 12 extended-range vehicle is also the only extended-range vehicle in the industry that can add 92 # gasoline.

　　At the same time, Aouita 12 pure electric vehicles have also been fully upgraded. The new car is equipped with Huawei’s latest generation DriveONE silicon carbide electric drive, which is small in size, light in weight and strong in heat dissipation. The maximum power of the dual electric appliances is 402kW, the maximum torque is 687N·m, and the acceleration per 100 kilometers is as low as 3.8 seconds, providing users with a strong and lasting power experience. At the same time, all Aouita 12 pure electric vehicles are equipped with 800V silicon carbide platform as standard, which brings a rapid recharge experience. It only takes 20 minutes to charge from 30% to 80%, and with the maximum cruising range of 755km, the trip is more efficient.

　　In addition to the overall upgrade of power performance, Aouita 12 also has top intelligence. The new car comes standard with Huawei Three Lasers and Gankun Zhijia ADS 3.0. Among them, ADS 3.0 can learn and simulate human driving decisions independently through the scene understanding of GOD, the end-to-end network of PDP and the instinctive safety network, and provide users with a more human-like, more efficient and safer end-to-end intelligent driving experience. For example, in the intelligent driving navigation, you can realize "parking space to parking space, one-click self-opening". Whether starting from the parking space in the basement or the parking space on the roadside, Aouita 12 can achieve end-to-end navigation from parking space to parking space. At the same time, the ability boundary of navigation assistance has also been greatly improved. You can enter the parking gate independently, and through the difficult scenes such as roundabout and U-bend, the whole scene of urban travel is perfectly opened.

　　In addition, Gankun Intelligent Driving ADS 3.0 has also brought all-round active security protection to Aouita 12. Aouita 12 also upgraded Gankun omni-directional anti-collision CAS3.0, which achieved all-round improvement in the working boundary, forward/backward and lateral protection of the system. For example, the maximum braking speed of Aouita 12 can reach 120 kilometers per hour, which is the highest in the industry; The effective range covers 4 km/h to 150 km/h, which is the widest at the same level. In addition to complete active security, Aouita 12 has also built solid protection on passive security. The hybrid cage body design made of ultra-high strength steel and aluminum has a rock-solid safety factor; The 8 airbags and rear side airbags in the whole cabin can better protect passengers’ arms and trunks in side collision, and bring users all-round and multi-level safety protection.

　　The leapfrog configuration is supplemented by original design, and "new luxury" is achieved in every detail.

　　Entering the car, Aouita 12 has a unique leapfrog configuration at the same level, bringing a million-level luxury experience. The only front seat with double zero gravity at the same level achieves an excellent balance between sports support and luxury and comfort. One-button zero gravity, heating, memory, massage, remote start of ventilation, 16-way electric adjustment and other functions bring users a comfortable experience like being in the cloud. Entering the back row, Shuang Yi has a large space, the largest at the same level; The distance from the occupant’s hip to the ceiling and the back of the front seat can be close to 1 meter, which can be easily realized whether it is lying flat in the back row, doing yoga, stretching and other actions. At the same time, Aouita 12 also provides users with the strongest fully functional sofa in the back row, which supports the functions of seat heating, ventilation, massage, and extended central armrest with control panel. In particular, the suspended canopy screen in the rear cabin, with a large turnover angle of 60-100, brings a visual feast to the rear row with excellent viewing angles at all angles. With the strongest British treasure and excellent sound system in the same class, users in the front and rear rows can enjoy the immersive palace-level music experience.

　　Aouita 12 is not only ingenious in these places that can be seen, touched and heard, but also "haggle over every penny" in places that users can’t see and reach. The golden combination of front double wishbone independent suspension and rear multi-link independent suspension, "one-button unlocking" luxury driving and control experience. High-performance air suspension system+high-performance CDC dynamic suspension damping control can significantly improve driving comfort and handling. With more than 400 adjustment schemes of magic carpet chassis and 29 kinds of road grinding adjustment, it can reduce 75% of body shaking in continuous undulating road scenes, and reduce 58% of bumpy feeling on damaged or unpaved roads, bringing a million-level luxury car-like driving smoothness, ensuring that users can enjoy calmness and elegance in any driving environment.

　　As a smart luxury car in the future, Aouita 12 also creates an extremely elegant look and feel with the future aesthetic design concept. Family-style disc wing front face, unique style, at a glance. All-LED Star-Travel Curvature Light Group, avant-garde modeling shows elegant taste. All quiet and luxurious hatchback without rear porthole, presenting unique recognition with excellent streamline. The wheel height ratio is 0.514, the width height ratio is 1.38, and the axle length ratio is 0.602. With the golden body ratio, it creates an unparalleled pure posture. The high-performance tire with the largest diameter of 265/40/R21 in the same class makes the motion tension of the car body fully displayed.

　　The Aouita 12 Royal Theater Edition, which is listed simultaneously, is extremely exquisite in materials, technology and technology. It also shows the ultimate luxury. The appearance adopts the unique double-color body design, and the joint uses the silver star ring waist line of Rolls-Royce with the same technology, which makes it an unparalleled and elegant artistic masterpiece; The seat leather was upgraded to full grain semi-aniline leather, which matched the traditional hand embroidery process in China. Even the trunk carpet was covered with Merlot red tufted carpet.

　　The listing of Aouita 12 Dual Power will greatly enrich consumers’ expectation and cognition of new luxury cars. With the overall leap in power, intelligent driving, safety and luxury, Aouita 12 will bring more scene choices, higher-end quality enjoyment and more cutting-edge scientific and technological experience to the new energy market. In the future, Aouita Science and Technology will continue to optimize its brand, technology, products, channels and services to meet the growing travel needs of users and create a more unique and futuristic new travel life experience for users.

Welcome to the Autohome Dongguan preferential promotion channel, bringing you the latest car market information. At present, the high-profile luxury SUV models are undergoing large-scale promotions, bringing real car purchase benefits to consumers in Dongguan area. It is understood that car buyers can enjoy a cash discount of up to 30,000 yuan, making this model with a starting price of 375,000 yuan more attractive. Friends who want to seize the opportunity of this price reduction, be sure to click the "Check Car Price" button in the quotation form to get the highest discount and add surprises to your car purchase journey.

The exterior design of the Lexus RX is full of elegance and power. The front face features the family’s iconic spindle-shaped air intake grille, and the unique design makes people recognize its identity at a glance. The streamlined body lines outline a strong sense of movement, and the delicate waist line complements the roof arc, giving the vehicle a modern and dynamic visual effect. The overall style reflects the usual luxury aesthetic of Lexus, while taking into account power and detail, bringing the driver a strong driving desire and driving pleasure.

The Lexus RX attracts the eye with its elegant body design and delicate side lines. The body size reaches 4890mm*1920mm*1695mm, and the wheelbase is 2850mm, showing a spacious and coordinated ratio. Its front and rear tires are 235/60 R19, and the delicate rim design not only enhances the vehicle’s sense of mobility, but also provides a solid foundation for driving stability. The careful construction of these details makes the RX visually dynamic and stable, fully reflecting its perfect blend of luxury and performance.

The interior design of Lexus RX is famous for its exquisite and luxurious, with elegant lines and exquisite craftsmanship to create a comfortable riding environment for passengers. The steering wheel is made of leather, which not only feels delicate to the touch, but also supports electric up and down + front and rear adjustment, which is convenient for drivers to adjust the driving position according to needs. The 9.8-inch central control screen stands in the center of the instrument panel, with advanced automatic speech recognition control system, integrated multimedia, navigation, telephone and air conditioning functions, easy to operate and full of technology.

In terms of seats, both the main and passenger seats are made of imitation leather, providing good touch and support. The seat configuration is rich, and the main and auxiliary seats are equipped with front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, high and low adjustment and waist support functions to ensure the comfort of long-distance driving. The second row of seats also supports backrest adjustment to meet the needs of different passengers. Moreover, the rear seats support proportional reclining, and the space utilization is more flexible, which is convenient for loading various items. Overall, the interior design of the Lexus RX is both practical and luxurious, bringing a very high riding experience to the driver and passengers.

The Lexus RX is equipped with a 2.5L displacement four-cylinder engine with a maximum power of 139 kilowatts and a maximum torque of 241 Nm, providing a stable power output. This engine, combined with the E-CVT continuously variable transmission, allows the vehicle to ensure smooth acceleration and efficient energy efficiency during driving.

Summarizing the owner’s evaluation, the Lexus RX has won his deep admiration with its unique front face design and high recognition. The through light strip at the rear and the streamlined body make the vehicle visually show an extraordinary aura, whether it is at a friend’s party or in daily driving, it can make the vehicle the focus. It can be said that the RX has undoubtedly become a pride in the owner’s heart with its careful design and elegant appearance.

On November 17th at the Guangzhou Auto Show, GAC Trumpchi launched a new technology brand – Trumpchi Intelligent Electronics Technology i-GTEC, which integrates China’s strongest three electric, high-end electronic and electrical architecture, high-performance intelligent driving, emotional intelligent cockpit and other leapfrog performance, which is more advanced than "super". At the same time, the Trumpchi new energy E8, which has recently broken through the "circle", was officially launched, and a total of 2 models were launched, of which the 150km PRO version 209,800 yuan and the 150km MAX version 229,800 yuan. It is reported that without announcing the detailed configuration and price, the blind order of the E8 broke through 20,000 units.

If this year’s "fairy fight" MPV market is compared to a competition examination venue, Trumpchi New Energy E8 is undoubtedly one of the enviable "top students" on the field. As a "new player" entering the MPV market, E8 can be said to "stir up a thousand waves with one stone". While many MPVs are still struggling to think about the "standard of excellent family cars", Trumpchi New Energy E8, which is full of "smart" and "practical" buffs, has obviously handed in a satisfactory answer in advance.

The strongest brain, enjoy smart travel

Modern families’ demand for cars has extended from meeting basic travel and safety to pursuing quality and convenience, and the demand for the intelligence level of family cars is naturally increasing. However, many MPV models on the market are only equipped with the most basic intelligent functions, and the integration of intelligent systems is low. There are also certain problems in reliability and stability.

The Trumpchi New Energy E8 is equipped with the latest GAC Xingling electronic and electrical architecture, which is like the "strongest brain" and can achieve "one call and one response". When MPVs of the same level are still exploring how to improve the reaction speed of function keys and can only open applications "one-to-one", the E8 has achieved "far ahead" on the intelligent track. The Xingling architecture has been fully upgraded, the overall computing power has been increased by 50 times, and the data transmission rate has been increased by 10 times, which can help the E8 run a larger amount of data at a higher speed in a short period of time, giving users a smoother and silkier driving experience. The vehicle’s multi-domain linkage allows users to experience the sense of control of "military advisor" when driving the E8, and can mobilize multiple intelligent applications in the whole vehicle at the same time with just "a single order", with full marks for execution. At the same time, the E8 can also support global OTA updates of in-vehicle software throughout the life cycle, achieving second-speed iteration, greatly improving OTA efficiency and stability.

With the "strongest brain" of the Starspirit architecture, E8 is like an all-round housekeeper who can solve problems for the family, meeting the needs of the whole family at the same time, leaving more time for us to chat and share joy with our families during the journey.

Intelligent interaction, "words" express what you feel and think

As people’s lifestyles change, the demand for car driving experience is also increasing. In this era where smartphones are frequently criticized for "blocking family ties", the balance of technology and emotion is undoubtedly an important test for a family car.

The E8 is equipped with the ADiGO 5.0 system that has been fully optimized on the basis of the original intelligent interaction. With the support of the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip, with the 14.6-inch high definition LCD central control screen and the 8.88-inch new instrument, the content is clearer and more intuitive, and the scene service is more appropriate, making the user experience more arbitrary and fast. The new VPA "Xiaoqi" adds a touch of "home" warmth to human-computer communication through natural anthropomorphic voice and natural logic dialogue. Not only that, but the millisecond-level wake-up speed is always available, always responding to the needs of every family. When a family sits on the E8 to start their journey, whether it is a child who wants to sing a nursery rhyme, a lover who wants to watch a movie, or an elder who wants to listen to a "talk about the ancient times", as long as they express their thoughts, Xiaoqi can always come to the side and serve as the most "home" company on the journey.

An excellent family car, of course, also needs to be responsible for the safety of the whole family. Taking into account the fatigue that may occur during long-distance driving, and the different driving levels of each family member, the E8 is equipped with a powerful "assistant master" ADiGO PILOT super-sensory intelligent driving system. Under 10 comprehensive L2-level intelligent driving aids, the urban congestion is not tired, the automatic braking is safe, and the 540 ° high definition panoramic image is transparent and visible under the car, so that the driver can clearly perceive the wheel position and the road conditions under the car, whether it is walking through the streets or crossing mountains, it can be easily driven.

A "three-headed and six-armed" housekeeper, a veteran travel guide, and a smart all-round assistant… For many families today, cars are no longer just "emotionless" means of transportation, but have been given more significance in the day and night.

In response to user enthusiasm, on the day of the launch of E8, GAC Trumpchi simultaneously announced the E8 full love preferred plan: 150,000 yuan, drive the car home! The quadruple gift broke the pain points of new energy car purchase and made China’s most "home" MPV within reach. Before December 9, through the GAC Trumpchi APP, GAC Trumpchi Mini Program, Trumpchi Smart Mini Program to order E8, you can also participate in the blind box activity, have the opportunity to win 10g BRICS.

With its outstanding performance and value-added price policy, Trumpchi New Energy E8 has redefined the most preferred household MPV with its strength. It is believed that in the Chinese household car market, it will set off a new round of enthusiasm.