The disease control department gives an authoritative answer to the vaccination problem you care about.

  Yangcheng Evening News reporter Yu Yanhong Lin Qingqing correspondent Guangdong CDC

  "Have you been vaccinated?" Recently, with the increase in the number of people vaccinated in COVID-19, this sentence has become a topic for many citizens after dinner. At the same time, with the increasing willingness of citizens to vaccinate, many citizens will ask: What is the difference between inactivated vaccine and attenuated vaccine? Inactivated vaccine needs two shots. Can I inoculate COVID-19 vaccine produced by different manufacturers before and after? The provincial and municipal centers for disease control and prevention have given authoritative answers to the vaccination problems in COVID-19 that citizens are concerned about.

  About vaccines:

  Q: What kinds of vaccines are there in COVID-19 at present? Which is the best?

  At present, there are hundreds of research and development units of COVID-19 vaccine in the world, and there are eight kinds of COVID-19 vaccine under development: inactivated vaccine, attenuated live vaccine, replicated vector vaccine, non-replicated vector vaccine, DNA vaccine, RNA vaccine, protein subunit vaccine and virus-like particle vaccine. In China, it mainly focuses on five technical routes: inactivated vaccine, adenovirus vector vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine (including RNA vaccine and DNA vaccine) and attenuated influenza virus vector vaccine.

  We can’t simply say which technical route is better, but we must comprehensively consider its safety, effectiveness, accessibility and affordability. This is the scientific evaluation of a vaccine.

  Considering the current epidemic prevention needs, as long as it is for the purpose of disease prevention, any process of vaccine is acceptable for non-contraindication people.

  Q: At present, the epidemic situation in China is generally stable. Is it necessary to vaccinate COVID-19?

  Vaccine is one of the most effective and economical means to prevent infectious diseases. Although the current domestic epidemic situation is generally stable, we are still facing the pressure of local rebound caused by the import of overseas epidemic situation. Therefore, vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine can make you immune to Covid-19, and the beneficiaries are the first.

  Secondly, when the vaccination rate of our population reaches a high level, that is to say, most people are immune to Covid-19, an immune barrier against Covid-19 will be established, which can effectively prevent the spread of the virus in the population, thus ending the epidemic. Therefore, it is recommended that people who meet the vaccination conditions benefit from early fight!

  Q: What is not suitable for COVID-19 vaccination?

  Covid-19 vaccine cannot be vaccinated in any of the following circumstances: those who are allergic to the vaccine or vaccine ingredients; Suffering from acute diseases; In the acute episode of chronic diseases; Those who are suffering from fever; Pregnant women; Suffering from diseases that cannot be vaccinated by doctors, etc., the specific instructions of the vaccine shall prevail.

  Q: How many shots does COVID-19 vaccine need? How long is the interval? Can I replant if I miss the inoculation time of the second dose?

  At present, Covid-19 inactivated vaccine used in Guangdong needs to be inoculated twice in the whole process, and it is recommended that the interval between two doses should not be less than 28 days. The recipients who need to complete the whole vaccination as soon as possible due to going abroad or working in high-risk areas should follow the principle of informed consent, and can be vaccinated with 2 doses of inactivated vaccine in Covid-19 at the shortest time interval not less than that specified in the vaccine instructions.

  At present, there is a lack of clinical research data on different immunization procedures of inactivated vaccine in Covid-19, so it is not yet possible to determine the maximum interval between two doses of vaccine. However, referring to the vaccination experience of other vaccines, if patients have not completed the whole vaccination, they should start vaccination as soon as possible or make up the corresponding dose.

  Q: Can two different COVID-19 vaccines be exchanged?

  At present, there is no evidence that different manufacturers or different kinds of Covid-19 vaccines can replace vaccination. It is suggested that the same vaccine from the same manufacturer should be used to complete the vaccination at this stage.

  Q: Can COVID-19 vaccine be inoculated with other vaccines such as HPV vaccine, influenza vaccine and rabies vaccine?

  As a new member of the vaccine family, COVID-19 vaccine is recommended to be vaccinated separately from other vaccines and at least two weeks apart from other vaccines, so as to minimize unexpected interaction, and at the same time, it is necessary to closely observe the reaction after vaccination. If people exposed to rabies need rabies vaccine, rabies vaccine should be given priority.

  Vaccine effect:

  Q: What is the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine?

  First of all, only vaccines with up-to-standard safety and effectiveness can be approved by the state drug regulatory authorities for listing; Secondly, before entering the market, each batch of vaccines needs to obtain a batch issuance certificate from the national drug regulatory authorities; The process of batch issuance is another test of the safety and effectiveness of this batch of vaccines; Finally, at present, China has vaccinated more than 80 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine, and the continuous monitoring results have proved that the vaccine is safe and effective.

  Q: Do I still need to wear a mask after COVID-19 vaccination?

  Before the population immune barrier is established, even if some people are vaccinated, everyone’s awareness of prevention and control and prevention measures cannot be relaxed. On the one hand, the success rate of vaccine immunization is not 100%, and a small number of vaccinated people may get sick during the epidemic period. On the other hand, in the absence of an immune barrier, Covid-19 is still easy to spread. Therefore, to prevent Covid-19 infection, we can’t put all our money on vaccines. We still need to keep in mind the three-piece set of epidemic prevention: wearing a mask, social distance and personal hygiene.

  Q: Do I need to do nucleic acid testing after COVID-19 vaccination?

  Vaccination can reduce the risk of infection to a certain extent, but the protective effect of any vaccine can not reach 100%. If necessary, we should still cooperate with relevant departments to carry out nucleic acid testing.

  Q: What should I do if the serum antibody is positive at the entry-exit inspection after vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine?

  If the subject has been vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine two weeks ago, it may lead to antibody IgG and IgM positive. If the test result of serum antibody is positive, and other test results such as Covid-19 nucleic acid test are negative, COVID-19 vaccination certificate can be produced for the relevant institutions to identify and judge.

  Q: Will virus mutation have an impact on vaccine protection?

  The proliferation of viruses depends on living cells, and in this process, mutation is a normal phenomenon. From the current global research on Covid-19 mutation, there is no evidence that Covid-19 mutation will invalidate the existing COVID-19 vaccine. On January 2nd, 2021, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention found the mutant strain B.1.1.7 in a throat swab sample of a confirmed case imported from Britain to COVID-19, which has stronger transmission power, but the patient’s symptoms, severity rate and fatality rate have remained basically unchanged, and the vaccine currently developed is still effective. Many institutions, such as the World Health Organization, are paying close attention to and studying the variation in Covid-19, providing early warning and scientific analysis basis for the follow-up vaccine development and application.  

  adverse effect  

  Q: What adverse reactions may occur after vaccination?

  At present, the inactivated Covid-19 vaccine being used in China has good safety. Common general reactions such as acid swelling, redness, pain and itching at the inoculation site; A very small number of people may have fever, fatigue, nausea, headache, muscle aches, etc. due to individual differences, and generally do not need to be treated, and most of them can recover on their own after 2-3 days.

  Vaccines may induce allergic reactions in individuals, which is one of the characteristics of the vaccine itself, and does not mean that there are problems with the quality and safety of the vaccine itself.

  Anaphylactic shock caused by vaccination (usually within 30 minutes after vaccination), or urticaria, allergic purpura, high fever, shock and other serious health conditions after the recipient leaves the vaccination site, you need to see a doctor immediately, and inform the doctor of the vaccination history and report to the vaccination unit at the same time.