Lead: The topic that sports fans are concerned about in the near future is the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, which will open on February 9. If you happen to plan a trip to the Olympic Games in South Korea, besides shopping and watching Ouba, these most famous restaurants in Pyeongchang are also very worthy of a key trip.

　　Nearly 80% of Pyeongchang County, located in gangwon, South Korea, is covered by mountains and covered with snow in winter. It is not an exaggeration to be called "Korean Alps".

　　Longping Ski Resort in Pyeongchang is a online celebrity-class ski resort, where popular Korean dramas such as Ghosts and Winter Love Songs were filmed.

　　Alpine skiing competition of Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games in 2018 will also be held at Longping Ski Resort.

　　In Pyeongchang, the snow-covered city of Winter Olympics, besides punching in the places where Ouba people used to tremble, it is also serious to satisfy their Korean stomachs.

　　Whether you love barbecue or not.

　　Fried chicken

　　Or buckwheat noodles ↓↓↓

　　These "online celebrity-class" restaurants in Pyeongchang can let you meet authentic Korean food, so don’t forget to punch in.

　　Han Niu barbecue: Daegwallyeong Hanwoo Town

　　How to experience Korean food without barbecue? Hanwoo, a Korean native pure-bred ox produced in Pyeongchang, is of good quality, and there are also many barbecue restaurants in the local area.

　　Daegwallyeong Hanwoo Town is the second local restaurant in Pyeongchang on Catway Eagle. It is a self-service Korean barbecue restaurant. Diners can choose their own meat in the freezer on the first floor and take it to the second floor for barbecue. In addition to fresh and juicy barbecue, there are authentic Korean kimchi and various side dishes.

　　Address: 38, Olympic-ro, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25347, South Korea.

　　Tel: +82 33-332-0001

　　Pingchang buckwheat noodles: Yetgol

　　There is a long history of using buckwheat flour to make bean jelly and noodles in Korea, so buckwheat flour and buckwheat bean jelly are not a specialty of Pyeongchang. However, the buckwheat cuisine in Pengping, Pingchang County is different. The buckwheat cuisine here is based on the excellent buckwheat grown in the local pure natural environment, and it is original from the field to the dining table.

　　In Yetgol, you can eat 100% buckwheat food native to Pyeongchang, and the buckwheat noodles here are also the most worthwhile local characteristics outside Han Niu.

　　Address: 5, Gipung 1-gil, Bongpyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25304, South Korea.

　　Tel: +82 33-336-3360

　　Fried chicken: Bbq Chicken

　　When it snows, you need fried chicken and beer. When you come to the city of Winter Olympics surrounded by snow, authentic Korean fried chicken is also a must-see food. Bbq Chicken provides a variety of fast food such as fried chicken and pizza, fried chicken is fried with the point, and the store does not support takeout.

　　Address: 325, Solbong-Ro, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25351, South Korea.

　　(Part of the image source: Tripadvisor, the official website of the restaurant)

Speaking of V-type four-cylinder cars, everyone can think of Ducati series cars. Unexpectedly, Benda also produced a V-type four-cylinder car: Black Flag 500. This car is in the club. A friend’s car drove a little today and asked him some feelings. To sum up today, let the riders who want to buy this car feel the car.


The appearance is not too much to say, the whole car is full and its appearance is very beautiful. Tell me about his feeling of riding. The car is 700mm high, but the cushion is wider. I am 1.64 meters tall and I have to stand on tiptoe. Maybe my legs are thicker. Hahaha. The instrument is LED and pointer, but the sunlight is very strong, so only the pointer can be seen, and other displays are basically invisible. The design of oil quantity display is very novel, and there is an LED light bar in the middle of the oil tank, but it feels not very practical.

Mail volume display and instrument


My personal problem with riding the triangle is that I feel uncomfortable and my height is not enough. The whole person rides a little forward, and the pedal is very forward. When I upshift, I have to reach forward to get into gear. I like this car very much, but my height is not allowed. I suggest changing this gear. In terms of weight, I feel that this car will be heavier. After all, the weight of the whole car is 241kg.


The sound is rich but loud, but it’s not the kind of loud bombing. The sound is still very nice. The most eye-catching configuration, I think, is its adaptive pneumatic shock absorber. When you sit on the ignition, you will rise by yourself, which is very cool.


My personal discomfort in riding is the electronic throttle, which takes some time to get used to. It is not as linear as the cable throttle. The power is about 4000 rpm in the front section. Some meat, the acceleration feeling of rotating speed is still ok. The curb weight of the 241kg car body is useless, which affects its flexibility in turning and changing lanes.


According to the feedback from riders, the fuel consumption is a little more than 5L per 100 kilometers, and I personally feel good. There is also an abnormal noise that I didn’t feel. According to his feedback, I didn’t feel a little noise in the engine when I started without oil. These are also some feelings I probably tried to get off. I hope I can help you. I suggest you try the car before you know if it is suitable for you.

　　Investigation motive

　　From the long hair of a female passenger in Chongqing West Railway Station being caught in a massage chair, to "Can the massage chair leave the cinema", and then to "The netizen complained that nearly 90% of the seats in high-speed railway station, Tai ‘an, Shandong Province are massage chairs, and the passengers had to sit on the floor" … … Recently, the related topics of "sharing massage chairs" frequently appeared in hot searches, which triggered a heated discussion among netizens.

　　In fact, the shared massage chair has been promoted for many years, and now it can be seen in many public places, such as stations, airports, shopping malls, cinemas and so on. What are the security risks of sharing massage chairs while providing convenience for consumers? Will the large-scale promotion of massage chairs in public places infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers? With these questions, the reporter conducted an investigation and interview.

　　□ Our reporter Wen Lijuan

　　□ Intern Zheng Ting of this newspaper

　　When waiting for the bus, relax the calf muscles that are slightly nervous because of driving; Before the movie starts, use it to make a ceremonial ending for the day’s work; Tired of shopping, I spent more than ten minutes in the mall to make a SPA (decompression service) for my nervous shoulders and necks … …

　　With the development of sharing economy, shared massage chairs came into being. They are scattered in stations, airports, cinemas, shopping malls and office buildings. By imitating traditional massage techniques such as kneading, massage, back pounding and vibration, they can relieve muscle tension and relax the body and mind for consumers, and win the favor of many people with more affordable prices and just the right time.

　　However, a recent survey by the reporter of Rule of Law Daily found that while sharing massage chairs provides convenience for consumers, there are also some security risks, such as insufficient sanitation, damaged equipment skin, breakdown and disrepair. There are also interviewees who spit out and promote massage chairs in public places on a large scale, which occupies the space for setting ordinary seats and affects the normal exercise of the public’s right to rest.

　　A number of interviewed experts pointed out that sharing massage chairs is intended to enrich consumer demand and cannot be a "weapon" that harms consumers. No matter where the shared massage chair is laid, all parties concerned should do daily maintenance and cleaning to avoid accidents and endanger people’s safety.

　　Set up points in various public places

　　Not much investment and a lot of profit.

　　"For people like us who take overtime and business trips as their lives, it is the most intimate." Ms. Tian, who works in a foreign company in Beijing, is a big fan of the shared massage chair. She said that she has experienced the shared massage chair in almost all scenes.

　　Like Ms. Tian, many people are fans of sharing massage chairs. According to public data, in the peak period, the number of shared massage chairs laid nationwide exceeded 1 million in just one year. From cinemas to railway stations, airports and large supermarkets, shared massage chairs are set up everywhere.

　　The reporter recently visited Beijing Airport and several shopping malls and cinemas and found that some shopping malls have laid multiple shared massage chairs on each floor. Some cinemas have a special "massage chair rest area", and even there are many shared massage chairs in the viewing area.

　　On August 4th, the reporter saw in a shopping mall in Chaoyang, Beijing that eight shared massage chairs in the massage area on the second floor were full of people. Someone just started the massage service, someone is scanning the code, and others are sitting and enjoying the service. At Beijing Capital International Airport, the reporter noticed that there are many shared massage chairs in the waiting hall, almost all of which are full.

　　According to Zhang Shan (pseudonym), the head of a massage chair production company in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, sharing massage chairs does not require people to be on duty and distribute goods, with simple functions and low maintenance costs. Customers can enjoy the service after scanning the code and paying successfully. Each massage chair is monitored by remote data, and channel providers can check the status of massage chairs anytime and anywhere.

　　"Shared massage chairs are divided into two business models: direct sales and agency." Zhang Shan said that direct marketing means that massage chair manufacturers find channels such as shopping malls, cinemas and stations to negotiate through self-built platforms, and the manufacturers provide massage chairs free of charge, and the channel providers only need to provide venues, and the income is distributed through negotiation. For example, his production company buys raw materials on its own, develops corresponding products for specific places, and then talks with the cinema, paying rent for half a year to one year to put the products. "The company has put a total of 400,000 shared massage chairs in the inner halls of cinemas in China so far."

　　Agent means that massage chair manufacturers sell them in bulk to distributors and terminal operators. Zhang Shan introduced that their main customer groups are distributors and terminal operators. Manufacturers only produce and sell products, while distributors and terminal operators are responsible for the delivery and operation of products.

　　"If you have your own venue resources and directly lay equipment, the investment is low and the profit is high. Therefore, more and more agents are joining the sharing of massage chairs." Zhang Shan said that compared with the direct sales model, the agency model enables more people to participate in the shared massage chair industry.

　　To save cost and reduce maintenance

　　Poor hygiene and safety are hidden dangers.

　　As a business cooperation model, sharing massage chairs into these public places is a normal market behavior, but from the consumer experience, it has been questioned more and more.

　　Ms. Liang, who lives in Shunde, Guangdong, and her husband used to go for a walk in the shopping mall near their home after dinner. When they saw the shared massage chair, they scanned the code and sat on it, but after the machine started, Ms. Liang felt very "chicken ribs".

　　"All I can feel is back massage and waist rubbing. Due to the height limitation, the shoulder massage pieces on both sides can’t touch the shoulders at all after being inflated, let alone relax. When the calf is pressed, it is almost lonely, and when it is inflated to the maximum, it can only feel that the ankle is squeezed. I am thin, and hand massage has no effect. " Ms. Liang said.

　　Ms. Zhou from Haikou, Hainan, also experienced "one money, two effects" when using the shared massage chair in the cinema. When watching movies, she adjusted the massage chair mode to massage her lower back and waist because she was worried that the sound of massaging her shoulders and neck would affect others’ viewing experience. When she got up the next morning, Ms. Zhou felt severe pain in her back and looked in the mirror and found a large bruise on her back.

　　"Shared massage chairs are generally made according to the average height and shape of adults, which is not completely applicable to some people who are obese or petite. At the same time, it is not suitable for patients with osteoporosis, shoulder and neck diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, etc. If ordinary consumers use it improperly, it will easily cause physical damage. " Wang Yue, a professor at Peking University Institute of Medical Humanities, warned.

　　Hygiene is not enough, which is the common feeling of many users who share massage chairs.

　　Ms. Wu, from Changchun, Jilin, was tired from shopping with friends in the mall not long ago, and wanted to use the shared massage chair to relax. Unexpectedly, after sitting down, I immediately felt that the contact surface between pants and chair was wet, and I could smell a fishy smell. She carefully identified that there might be a pool of urine on the massage chair. "It really collapsed!" After contacting the mall for handling, the mall said that it was unable to supervise such incidents, and finally paid Ms. Wu’s laundry fee and massage chair coupons.

　　Ms. Luo, who lives in Zunyi, Guizhou, has a similar experience. When she returned to her hometown this summer vacation, she sat in the shared massage chair for nearly an hour because there were no empty seats waiting at the station. The next day, she found urticaria on the back of her thigh, and there was no obvious improvement after the injection.

　　"For the shared massage chairs in the waiting area of the cinema, we require daily cleaning and regular wiping of the visible parts of the massage chairs. The massage chairs in each cinema hall are cleaned irregularly, usually once a week. But there are often some ‘ Leather child ’ I like to step on the chair barefoot, and we can’t wait there all the time. " A cleaning aunt at a cinema in Chaoyang, Beijing, told reporters.

　　Respondents also reported that some shared massage chairs were not repaired in time after failure, which caused safety hazards and even safety accidents.

　　In July this year, a long hair of a female passenger in Chongqing West Railway Station was caught in a shared massage chair, which caused widespread concern among netizens. The investigation results showed that the cause of the accident was that the protective layer of the massage chair was damaged, and after the comprehensive investigation, it was found that other massage chairs were damaged.

　　For this kind of problem, some insiders told reporters that the shared massage chairs placed in public places such as shopping malls, cinemas and stations generally need to be cleaned and maintained by the users themselves, but many distributors are unwilling to maintain them regularly because of cost considerations.

　　"After the massage chair is put into operation, the manufacturer, distributor and terminal operator need to arrange personnel for daily maintenance. The machine needs to be disinfected once a week without special circumstances. If the machine is abnormal, the background system will have an alarm prompt. " Zhang Shan said that the maintenance cost is not a small expense, and the monthly operating cost of 400,000 shared massage chairs put in by his company is about 3 million to 4 million yuan.

　　According to Zhang Shan, the massage chair mainly composes the sales price of the product according to four aspects: the material cost of the product itself, the intelligent degree of the software, the production cost of the enterprise and the management cost of the enterprise. The purchase cost of products put in public places is about 2,500 yuan to 3,500 yuan. The shared massage chairs sold by the production company to the distributors and terminal operators are mainly maintained and repaired by the latter two. Only when the loss of shared massage chairs accumulates to a certain amount, the production company will provide certain maintenance services. Some dealers may choose to save daily maintenance fees in order to recover costs in time and save costs.

　　Suggest that harm is indispensable.

　　Intensify daily inspections.

　　A number of interviewed experts pointed out that the public has a certain demand for shared massage chairs, but they should not expand in disorder and occupy public space at will, but should be set up according to the characteristics of places. For example, in hospitals, stations and other places with dense traffic and tight seat resources, the number of shared massage chairs should be moderate, and should be set in relevant edges and corners; Shopping malls, cinemas and other commercial places can be set up, but the layout should be reasonable and compliant, and it is not allowed to occupy fire exits and affect people’s traffic. For some problems that occur in reality, such as the sharing of massage chairs that lead to physical injuries such as allergies, bruises, curly hair, etc., the person in charge of the venue and suppliers should bear the liability for compensation, and consumers should also learn to protect their rights according to law.

　　In Wang Yue’s view, the identity of users of shared massage chairs is diverse and uncertain, and it is impossible to confirm whether users have skin diseases or other infectious diseases, thus infecting leather chairs with germs. The person in charge of the venue where the massage chairs are placed needs to undertake the obligation of regular cleaning and keeping clean, but the causes of allergies or skin inflammation are various, and the fabric material of the massage chairs may also be one of the causes of diseases, which cannot be generalized.

　　"For the shared massage chairs in public places, the venue responsible party and the massage chair supplier should bear the responsibility of safety guarantee. Shopping malls provide massage chair services and need to ensure that they meet the basic requirements of protecting personal and property safety. " Chen Yinjiang, deputy secretary general of china law society Consumer Protection Law Research Association, said.

　　From the perspective of consumer rights protection, Chen Yinjiang believes that if improper or abnormal use is likely to cause harm, the relevant responsible party needs to make a clear explanation or warning to remind consumers of the precautions and correct use methods. If the product is not enough to protect personal and property safety, or the relevant safety tips are insufficient, thus causing personal injury or property loss to consumers, the relevant responsible party needs to bear the corresponding liability for compensation.

　　"In the event of personal injury or property loss, consumers should first keep relevant evidence in time and negotiate with service providers. If negotiation fails, you can complain to the Consumers Association or the relevant administrative departments and request to participate in mediation. If mediation still cannot be resolved, you can also defend your rights by applying for arbitration or court prosecution. " Chen Yinjiang said that the relevant responsible parties need to bear the liability for compensation, including medical expenses and reasonable transportation and lost time expenses.

　　"The key to solving the problem is that operators should operate in good faith and abide by the law, and actively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers." Chen Yinjiang said that the regulatory authorities should step up their daily inspections. If they find that there are obvious violations of laws and regulations in business practices, or obviously damage the rights and interests of consumers, they should promptly investigate and deal with them according to law, urge rectification, and ensure the provision of high-quality shared massage services for consumers.

　　Original title: The expansion and upgrading of Line 13 and the completion of the first shield tunnel will build a shortcut for Huitian area and Haidian Software Park.

　　After the capacity expansion and upgrading project of Beijing Metro Line 13, the tunnel between Changcun Station and Xinlongze Station was completed on August 15th, which is also the first tunnel section opened by Line 13. At present, the main structure construction of the new section of the capacity expansion and upgrading project of Line 13 has entered the stage of full sprint.

　　On the morning of August 15th, at the construction site of Houchangcun Station, the shield machine that has just completed tunnel excavation has stopped firmly in the receiving well. After dismantling, it will be transferred to continue the shield construction from Houchangcun to Software Park.

　　The capacity expansion and upgrading project of Line 13 is the largest existing line reconstruction project in China. The relevant person in charge of the 14th Bureau of China Railway, the construction unit, said that the through tunnel spans Changping and Haidian districts, and there are many underground pipelines along the construction line and the construction environment is complicated. Since its launch in October 2022, the maximum settlement data of two shield machines have been controlled within 2 mm in the process of crossing the first-class risk sources such as Beijing-Xinjiang Expressway ramp and Houchangcun Road for a long distance, and the road surface has not been deformed, and the traffic above has not been affected.

　　The capacity expansion and upgrading project of Line 13 is in the existing Xi ‘erqi-Long Ze-Huilongguan Station section of Line 13, with 19 new stations, 29 kilometers of new lines and 34 kilometers of reconstructed lines. From the route map, the project is to split the inverted U-shaped line of the existing Line 13, and build the "X"-shaped east and west transverse lines between Line 16 and Line 17, respectively, from Chegongzhuang via Xizhimen and Xinlongze to Tiantongyuan East, connecting the western section of the existing Line 13, Tiantongyuan and Huilongguan areas; From Malianwa Station of Line 16 in Haidian District to Dongzhimen Station via Xinlongze, it connects Shangdi Software Park, Huilongguan, Tiantongyuan and the eastern section of Line 13 in series. The split two lines have the conditions of interconnection and intercommunication, and at the same time, the cross-line operation conditions are reserved, which can realize cross-line organization and operation.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Major Project Office, after the completion of the capacity expansion and upgrading project of Line 13, it will effectively solve the problems such as poor return conditions of trains at Xizhimen terminal, inability to shorten the departure interval and crowded cars on Line 13. Build fast travel conditions between Tiantongyuan area in Huilongguan, Changping District and Haidian District Software Park area, and focus on strengthening the connection between large residential groups in the north and Shangdi Software Park, Zhongguancun and other employment-concentrated areas, greatly shortening the travel time between regions and improving the travel efficiency of citizens along the line. At the same time, it will further improve the rail transit network in the northern region and improve the rail transit service level.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Second Branch of the Beijing Railway Company, the capacity expansion and upgrading project of Line 13, as a "smart site" demonstration line of Beijing rail transit, uses the "smart site" management system in the whole construction process, effectively improving the safety and quality management level of the construction site and ensuring that the construction production is always in a state of controllable safety and quality. (Li Bo)

Recently, it is reported that banking institutions in Beijing have set a trading limit for Class I accounts, and the daily limit for all non-counter channels is 5,000 yuan, which has aroused widespread concern among netizens. Why is it restricted to use your own money? Is there a quota requirement in Changsha? The reporter conducted a survey today.

The specific limit varies from person to person.

The so-called non-counter channels refer to businesses that are not handled at the bank counter, including online banking, mobile banking, online fast payment, POS machines at sales terminals, ATM machines and third-party payments including Alipay and WeChat.

On February 27th, the reporter used his own bank cards of China Construction Bank, China Merchants Bank and Bank of China, and the three cards transferred RMB 10,000 to each other through mobile banking, all of which could be transferred in and out smoothly, with no restrictions.

"Not all customers have been set a daily trading limit of 5,000 yuan for non-counter channels, and the situation of each customer is different. There are only limited customers in 100 yuan, 1000 yuan and 2,000 yuan, while some customers have trading limits as high as tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of yuan. " The staff of a branch of Bank of China in Changsha told the reporter that there are many reasons for customers with low transaction limit, but the main reason is to prevent telecom fraud.

The customer service of Shanghai Pudong Development Bank said that since last year, some customers’ off-counter transactions have been limited, mainly to prevent telecom fraud and ensure the safety of customers’ accounts.

"Customers do have the situation that non-counter channels are limited. The specific limit is determined according to the specific situation of customers. You can find the specific limit of the bank card under your name by searching for’ limit’ through mobile banking." The staff of the Agricultural Bank introduced.

The reporter learned that prime bank has established a set of anti-fraud and anti-money laundering identification systems. Under normal circumstances, the Head Office will push the list in the system, and branches will claim suspicious accounts opened in their own branches, and then conduct manual screening. The disposal methods include not only "reducing the limit of electronic channels", but also "only accepting and not paying" and "enhancing customer identification".

Withdrawal can be made through offline outlets.

A number of bank staff said that if they can’t meet the daily transaction requirements, they can bring their ID cards and bank cards to offline outlets for withdrawal, and a few banks have opened online withdrawal channels.

The staff of the Agricultural Bank told the reporter that if customers need to adjust the quota, they need to bring their ID cards and bank cards to the nearest outlets. The process is not complicated. The bank will ask why it is necessary to adjust the quota as required, and the customer only needs to answer truthfully.

The customer service of China Merchants Bank said that if the cardholder’s off-counter transaction quota is indeed lowered, he can give priority to searching the related functions of "transaction quota" through the mobile banking APP and try to adjust the quota online. If you can’t succeed online, bring your bank card and ID card to the offline outlets.

Recently, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force demonstrated a new type of 155 mm truck gun under development. As the latest 155 mm truck gun, what is the significance of the gun for the future development of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the gun design?

Follow suit: the development history of Japanese large-caliber artillery

In the development and equipment of large caliber artillery, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force has taken the development mode of paying equal attention to self-research and introduction and following European and American countries from the beginning. Initially, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force was equipped with M52 105mm self-propelled howitzer and M44 155mm self-propelled howitzer provided by the United States. These two types of artillery belong to the first generation of large-caliber self-propelled artillery developed by the United States after World War II. Although their overall performance has been improved compared with similar artillery in World War II, they still adopt the open combat cabin design, and their protection ability is weak. Therefore, since the 1960s, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force has independently developed 74-type 105mm self-propelled howitzers and 75-type 155mm self-propelled howitzers. The overall design of these two types of guns refers to similar equipment in Europe and America. Especially the 75-type 155mm self-propelled howitzer, the overall design layout is almost the same as that of M109-type 155mm self-propelled howitzer in the United States.

Since then, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force has introduced the M110 203mm self-propelled howitzer from the United States. In this way, the 74-type 105mm self-propelled howitzer and the 75-type 155mm self-propelled howitzer independently developed by Japan, together with the American M110-type 203mm self-propelled howitzer, became the main large-caliber barrel guns of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force in the 1970s and 1990s. However, because the four islands in Japan are mountainous, Shikoku Island has the largest mountainous area, accounting for 80% of the total area. Even the relatively flat Hokkaido Island is nearly half mountainous. Therefore, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force can only deploy all heavy equipment such as main battle tanks and large-caliber self-propelled artillery on Hokkaido Island.

The Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force demonstrated a new type of 155 mm truck gun under development.

In this way, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Forces in the south of Honshu Island are relatively short of large-caliber artillery equipment. Therefore, in 1983, Japan obtained the franchise of FH-70 155 mm self-propelled howitzer from Sweden. At present, all 492 FH-70 155 mm self-propelled howitzers in active service of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force are deployed in the south of Honshu Island. The gun needs to be towed by a military truck for long-distance maneuvering, and can rely on the power device equipped on its own gun mount for entering and leaving the position or for short-distance maneuvering. Therefore, the equipment of the gun has greatly improved the combat capability of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force in the south of Honshu Island.

Since then, European and American countries have set off a wave of developing 52 times 155 mm howitzers. As a result, Japan also "followed the crowd" and began to develop the second generation of 155 mm self-propelled howitzers in 1992, namely the 99-type 155 mm self-propelled howitzers. The overall layout of the gun refers to the famous PzH2000 155 mm self-propelled howitzer in Germany, especially the turret and barrel design, which is almost the same as the latter. However, because the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force did not demand heavy armor, the total combat weight of the 99-type 155 mm self-propelled howitzer was 15 tons lighter than that of the German PzH2000 155 mm self-propelled howitzer, but it still reached 40 tons. From the overall performance, the 99-type 155 mm self-propelled howitzer does not have much brilliance compared with similar guns in other countries. It is only because the quantity of this type of artillery equipment is pitifully small, which is less than a fraction of the purchase quantity of some similar models in other countries, so it has also created a unit price record of up to 8 million US dollars.

After the troops in the area north of Honshu Island completed the replacement of the 75-type 155mm self-propelled howitzer with the 99-type 155mm self-propelled howitzer, the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force began to consider developing a new 155mm self-propelled howitzer for the troops in the area south of Honshu Island to replace the FH-70 155mm self-propelled howitzer that has been in service for more than 20 years. This is the new 155 mm truck gun we see today.

The 75-type 155 mm crawler-type self-propelled howitzer previously equipped by the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force

German-Japanese hybrid: Japanese truck guns use German trucks.

France’s "Caesar", the world’s first 52 times 155 mm truck gun, was publicly unveiled as early as 1994. Since then, many countries in the world have begun to develop their own large-caliber truck guns with reference to the overall design idea of French Caesar, including Russia, Sweden, Israel and other military and industrial powers, as well as developing countries such as Iran, Vietnam and India. This also shows to some extent that the research and development threshold of large-caliber truck guns is actually not very high. It was not until 2012 that Japan began to develop 52 times 155 mm truck guns, which was a bit "hindsight".

Similar to the large-caliber self-propelled gun designed and developed in Japan before, the overall design layout of this new 155mm truck gun also has a reference template, that is, the second-generation Caesar 155mm truck gun introduced by French Ultraman Company. Although the first generation "Caesar" 155 mm truck gun pioneered a new type of weapon and equipment, it also has many shortcomings, such as limited chassis bearing capacity, poor shooting stability, low degree of automation, and no armor protection. To this end, the French company Ultraman improved and developed the second generation "Caesar" 155mm truck gun.

Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer is known as the most expensive self-propelled howitzer in the world, and the unit price is as high as 8 million US dollars.

The chassis of the second generation "Caesar" 155 mm truck gun was changed from the first generation Renault 6×6 military truck to the Czech Tetora 8×8 heavy truck. This 8×8 heavy truck chassis has better off-road performance and stronger bearing capacity. Although the total combat weight of the second-generation "Caesar" 155 mm truck gun has soared from 17 tons of the first generation to 30 tons after replacing the chassis, it can still meet the requirements of being carried by A-400M large transport aircraft. Similarly, Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun also uses the 110 HX81 8×8 heavy truck of German Mann Company as the bearing chassis, and the total combat weight is also about 30 tons, and the Japanese C-2 new transport aircraft can also carry it.

Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun is 11.4 meters long, 2.5 meters wide and 3.4 meters high. There are five gun crew members, three of whom are in the cockpit, and the other two are sitting in the semi-closed crew cabin at the back of the engine compartment. The conditions are relatively harsh. The firepower of this type of gun is basically the same as that of the 99-type 155 mm self-propelled howitzer, including the bolt, the recoil mechanism, the recoil mechanism and the barrel, but it has been improved according to the layout requirements of the truck gun. Judging from the installation position of the gun, the position of the bolt is still relatively high after the barrel is erected. Therefore, the design of the large-scale hydraulic parking hoe of Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun is similar to that of the second generation "Caesar" 155 mm truck gun, and there is also a platform for people to get up and down. However, the ammunition box on the side of Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun has a low height, so there is no folding pedal like the second generation Caesar 155 mm truck gun.

At present, the Japanese Defense Ministry has not disclosed much about the specific performance parameters of the new 155 mm truck gun. Therefore, it is difficult to judge how the performance of this gun compares with other similar models. However, from the overall layout, Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun is obviously the result of many factors. For example, from the choice of chassis, Japan has a developed automobile industry, and domestic enterprises are fully capable of providing similar 8×8 heavy trucks, but they use the German company 110 HX81 8×8 heavy trucks with relatively low cost but not inferior performance.

In order to control the cost, Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun has to relax other performance requirements, such as maneuverability, off-road, protection and personnel comfort.

However, considering that this new 155mm truck gun is going to replace the 492 FH-70 155mm self-propelled howitzers currently in service in Japan’s Ground Self-Defense Force, its purchasing unit price must be controlled at a low level, and it must not be as high as the 99 155mm self-propelled howitzers. Otherwise, even if it is not a one-on-one replacement, the Japanese Defense Ministry can’t afford it at all. It is for this reason that the Japanese Steel Works, the developer of the new 155mm truck gun, will choose the German Mann 110 HX81 8×8 heavy truck for both military and civilian use, instead of the military 8×8 heavy truck developed by domestic enterprises.

Of course, while controlling the cost, Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun has to relax other performance requirements, such as maneuverability, off-road, protection and personnel comfort. Therefore, we can see that Japan’s new 155 mm truck gun is equipped with a protective steel plate at the top of the cockpit to resist the muzzle shock wave, and the two gun crew members can only stay in the canvas tent full of noise and vibration. Moreover, the minimum launching elevation and directional firing boundary of this type of gun will also be affected to some extent. It is said that during the trial period of this type of artillery’s multi-door sample guns in Fuji School (a comprehensive military school where Japanese Ground Self-Defense Forces train officers below infantry, artillery and tank corps), the defects of poor shooting stability were exposed, and it was even necessary to install lateral hydraulic hoes to enhance stability. Therefore, this type of artillery must undergo at least several rounds of design improvements to meet the requirements of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force.

The new 155 mm truck gun is mainly used to replace the 492 FH-70 155 mm self-propelled howitzer currently in service in Japan’s Ground Self-Defense Force.

Maneuver and Firepower: Lu Zi steadily improves southwest combat capability.

The launch of this new type of 155mm truck gun actually continues the development path of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force to continuously enhance the combat capability in the area south of Honshu Island, the so-called southwest area, since the 21st century. In the past ten years, Japan’s Ground Self-Defense Force has continuously purchased and equipped a new generation of main battle equipment suitable for the operational requirements in southwest China, such as the 10-type main battle tank called "the first fourth-generation main battle tank" by some people and the 16-type 105 mm wheeled assault gun. Type 10 main battle tank mainly replaces the old Type 74 main battle tank and becomes the main armored main battle equipment of Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force in southwest China. The 16-type 105 mm wheeled assault gun can take on the task of direct fire support for highly mobile troops with its excellent maneuverability and firepower.

The new 155 mm truck gun will gradually replace the old FH-70 155 mm self-propelled howitzer, which will further strengthen the maneuverability of the artillery unit of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force. In particular, the new 155 mm truck gun has air transport maneuverability, and the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force can quickly deploy the gun to other important islands other than the four local islands, such as Okinawa and Miyako. In this way, the new 155 mm truck gun with long-range precision guided artillery shells will also become the main equipment of the artillery unit of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force to attack the sea, and together with the shore-to-ship missiles, it will form the main battle force to block the strait.

Hunan Provincial Bureau of Statistics

March 7, 2011

　　In 2010, under the strong leadership of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, the province thoroughly implemented the decisions and arrangements of Scientific Outlook on Development and the central government, effectively responded to the complicated and changeable situation and challenges, vigorously promoted the construction of "four modernizations and two types", accelerated the transformation of economic development mode, actively adjusted the economic structure, and continuously improved people’s livelihood. The province’s economy showed a sound and rapid development trend, and various social undertakings made new progress.

　　I. Synthesis　

　　The economic aggregate has reached a new level.According to preliminary accounting, in 2010, the regional GDP of the whole province was 1,590.212 billion yuan, up by 14.5%, up by 0.8 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 233.944 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3%; The added value of the secondary industry was 731.356 billion yuan, an increase of 20.2%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 624.912 billion yuan, an increase of 11.5%.

　　New achievements have been made in structural adjustment.The tertiary industrial structure of the province has changed from 15.1∶43.5∶41.4 in the previous year to 14.7∶46.0∶39.3. Among them, the industrial added value accounts for 39.5% of the regional GDP. The contribution rates of primary, secondary and tertiary industries to economic growth are 3.5%, 62.3% and 34.2% respectively. Among them, the contribution rate of industrial added value to economic growth increased to 56.1%; The added value of producer services was 283.967 billion yuan, accounting for 16.7% of the economic growth. The added value of high-tech industries accounted for 12.3% of the regional GDP, an increase of 1.4 percentage points over the previous year. The added value of the non-public economy was 893.675 billion yuan, an increase of 15.8%; It accounted for 56.2% of the regional GDP, an increase of 0.7 percentage points over the previous year.

　　The regional economy has developed in an all-round way.The GDP of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan was 671.591 billion yuan, up by 15.5%. The GDP of the urban agglomeration around Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan ("3+5") was 1,256.017 billion yuan, an increase of 15.2%; The GDP of southern Hunan was 326.927 billion yuan, up by 15.0%. The GDP of western Hunan was 202.725 billion yuan, an increase of 13.7%.

　　People’s livelihood has further improved.The province’s social security and employment, urban and rural community affairs, medical and health care and other key livelihood construction have invested a total of 75.795 billion yuan, accounting for 28% of the fiscal expenditure. There were 708,300 new urban employees, an increase of 105,100 over the previous year. Employment assistance for zero-employment families in cities and towns remains dynamically cleared. The compensation rate of the new rural cooperative medical system is 65.6% in the whole area; The monthly per capita subsidy for urban residents is 155 yuan, an increase of 18 yuan over the previous year; The monthly per capita subsidy for rural residents is 55 yuan, an increase of 8 yuan over the previous year. In the whole year, 1.45 million urban residents and 2.627 million rural residents received the minimum living guarantee from the government. The number of pilot counties for new rural social endowment insurance has been expanded to 46. Solve the problem of unsafe drinking water for 3.1419 million people in rural areas. Reconstruction and expansion of 186 township nursing homes. All 8,100 farmer’s bookstores were completed. 113,300 low-rent housing units were added, 44,386 rural dilapidated houses were rebuilt, and 3,971 professional fishermen in the "Four Waters" basin settled ashore.

　　The main problems in economic and social development are: the task of economic structure adjustment and development mode transformation is still arduous; The pressure of energy saving and emission reduction is great; The task of safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood is heavier.

　　Second, agriculture　

　　Agricultural production remained stable.The province’s grain planting area was 4,809,100 hectares, an increase of 0.2% over the previous year; The cotton planting area was 175,000 hectares, an increase of 15.1%; The oil planting area was 1,211,400 hectares, an increase of 7.3%; The vegetable planting area was 1,133,100 hectares, an increase of 6.5%; The planting area of sugar was 15,300 hectares, a decrease of 0.2%. The total grain output remained basically stable. The output of cotton, oil crops, vegetables and tobacco increased by 7.1%, 9.8%, 9.8% and 1.3% respectively. The total output of meat increased by 3.8%, the output of eggs increased by 3.2%, the output of milk increased by 1.6%, and the output of aquatic products increased by 5.5%. The total agricultural output value increased by 4.3%, the total forestry output value increased by 6.9%, the total animal husbandry output value increased by 3.4%, and the total fishery output value increased by 5.3%.

　　The agricultural foundation has been continuously improved.The province’s rural fixed assets investment was 104.555 billion yuan, an increase of 28.2%. The financial expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water affairs was 32.212 billion yuan, an increase of 16.6%. In the whole year, 779,000 water conservancy projects were started, with an investment of 12.206 billion yuan, and 366 million cubic meters of earth and stone were completed. The effective irrigation area of new farmland is 23,200 hectares, and the water-saving irrigation area is 22,300 hectares. Rural electricity consumption was 9.828 billion kWh, an increase of 5.1%. At the end of the year, the total power of agricultural machinery was 46.45 million kilowatts, an increase of 6.7%.

　　Agricultural industrialization was accelerated.There are 48,500 agricultural products processing enterprises in the province, an increase of 1.0%. Among them, the sales income of 345 national and provincial leading agricultural industrialization enterprises was 190 billion yuan, an increase of 26.7%; The profit was 3.81 billion yuan, an increase of 14.6%. 6,777 farmers’ professional cooperatives, an increase of 67.3%; There were 1,155,500 cooperative members, an increase of 37.6%. 34 new agricultural standardization demonstration zones were built.

　　New progress has been made in the construction of new countryside.The cement (asphalt) road from newly-built villages and towns to villages in the province is 13,546 kilometers. We will build 100 demonstration villages for rural cleaning projects and build 158,100 new rural biogas digesters. 1494 new telephone villages were added; 1,400 new rural comprehensive information service demonstration sites have been built, and 2,004 administrative villages have achieved broadband Internet access. There are 13,208,100 rural migrant workers (excluding the township) in the province, and the income from migrant workers is 120.365 billion yuan.

　　III. Industry and Construction Industry　

　　The speed of industrial development has accelerated.The total industrial added value of the province was 627.51 billion yuan, an increase of 21.2%, 2.7 percentage points faster than the previous year. Among them, the added value of large-scale industries increased by 23.4%, 2.9 percentage points faster than the previous year. The added value of non-public scale industries increased by 26.5%, 3.1 percentage points faster than the growth rate of large-scale industries. In terms of light and heavy industries, the added value of light industry increased by 20.0%; The added value of heavy industry increased by 25.1%. The added value of industrial parks at provincial level and above was 222.194 billion yuan, an increase of 30.0%.

　　The output of most major industrial products increased rapidly.Among the 437 major industrial products in the province’s large-scale industry statistics, 335 have increased their output, accounting for 76.7% of the total number of products. Among them, raw coal increased by 12.3%, cigarettes by 3.5%, machine-made paper and paperboard by 25.2%, crude oil processing by 5.6%, cement by 14.8%, steel by 20.8%, ten non-ferrous metals by 23.8%, concrete machinery by 133.8%, automobiles by 17.5% and power generation by 19.5%.

　　

　　The industrial structure was further optimized.Among the large-scale industries in the province, the added value of high-processing industries was 188.500 billion yuan, an increase of 33.5%; The added value of high-tech industries was 27.139 billion yuan, an increase of 30.9%, which was 10.1 and 7.5 percentage points higher than that of large-scale industries respectively. The added value of high-processing industries and high-tech industries accounted for 32.0% and 4.6% of the added value of large-scale industries, up by 1.9 and 0.2 percentage points respectively over the previous year. The output value of new products in large-scale industries was 248.97 billion yuan, an increase of 41.3%; It accounted for 13.2% of the total industrial output value, an increase of 2.8 percentage points over the previous year.

　　All major industrial sectors have achieved profitability.The main business income of large-scale industrial enterprises in the province was 1,810.444 billion yuan, an increase of 40.0%; After breakeven, the profit was 85.549 billion yuan, an increase of 46.1%. Among them, the chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry realized a profit of 6.201 billion yuan, an increase of 95.3%; Non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry was 5.094 billion yuan, an increase of 83.6%; The special equipment manufacturing industry was 16.593 billion yuan, an increase of 77.7%; The transportation equipment manufacturing industry was 5.433 billion yuan, up 75.0%. At the end of the year, the loss of enterprises was 5.8%, down 3.6 percentage points from the previous year.

　　

　　The construction industry grew steadily.The added value of the province’s construction industry was 103.846 billion yuan, up by 14.2%, accounting for 6.5% of the regional GDP. General contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification grade realized profits of 11.08 billion yuan, an increase of 31.0%. The building construction area was 275,029,500 square meters, an increase of 22.5%; The completed building area was 99,843,900 square meters, an increase of 1.8%.

　　IV. Investment in fixed assets　

　　Investment in fixed assets grew rapidly.The province’s total social investment in fixed assets was 982.106 billion yuan, an increase of 27.6%. Among them, urban fixed assets investment was 877.551 billion yuan, an increase of 27.5%. Among the fixed assets investment of the whole society, the state-owned investment was 332.232 billion yuan, an increase of 13.6%; Non-state-owned investment was 649.875 billion yuan, an increase of 36.2%. Non-state-owned investment accounted for 66.2% of the total investment in fixed assets, an increase of 4.2 percentage points over the previous year. Among the urban fixed assets investment, the primary industry investment was 21.002 billion yuan, an increase of 60.4%; The investment in the secondary industry was 370.364 billion yuan, an increase of 30.2%; The investment in the tertiary industry was 486.185 billion yuan, an increase of 24.5%. Investment in real estate development was 146.933 billion yuan, an increase of 35.5%.

　　The investment structure has been optimized.The province’s manufacturing investment was 287.704 billion yuan, an increase of 33.8%; The proportion of urban fixed assets investment was 32.8%, an increase of 1.6 percentage points over the previous year. Investment in high-tech industries was 24.735 billion yuan, accounting for 2.8% of urban fixed assets investment; The investment in technological transformation was 305.288 billion yuan, accounting for 34.8% of urban fixed assets investment, up 0.5 and 1.2 percentage points respectively over the previous year.

　　Construction of key projects is progressing smoothly.The investment of 175 key projects under construction in the province was 150.54 billion yuan, accounting for 15.3% of the total fixed assets investment. There were 1,662 investment projects with an investment of over 100 million yuan, with an investment of 318.817 billion yuan, an increase of 32.2%. Nine new expressways have been built, including Changzhu Expressway, Yifeng Expressway and Hengshao Expressway, with a mileage of 2,386 kilometers, an increase of 160 kilometers over the previous year.

　　The real estate market is active.The province’s real estate land supply was 5141.60 hectares, an increase of 77.8%. Among them, residential land was 3,890.20 hectares, an increase of 77.6%. The sales area of commercial housing was 44,729,700 square meters, an increase of 27.3%. Among them, the residential sales area was 41.4306 million square meters, an increase of 27.0%. The sales of commercial housing was 140.652 billion yuan, an increase of 49.4%. Among them, residential sales reached 124.787 billion yuan, up 51.1%.

　　V. Domestic trade and prices　

　　The consumer goods market has developed rapidly.The total retail sales of social consumer goods in the province was 577.526 billion yuan, an increase of 19.1%. Geographically, the retail sales of urban consumer goods was 520.441 billion yuan, an increase of 19.4%; The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 57.085 billion yuan, up by 16.6%. By industry, the retail sales of wholesale and retail trade reached 503.766 billion yuan, up by 19.3%. Retail sales of catering reached 73.76 billion yuan, up by 17.9%.

　　Sales of hot commodities are booming.Among the wholesale and retail industries above designated size in the province, the retail sales of furniture was 2.413 billion yuan, an increase of 53.0%; The retail sales of automobiles reached 42.317 billion yuan, an increase of 44.0%; The retail sales of gold, silver and jewelry was 2.449 billion yuan, up by 44.9%; The retail sales of household appliances and audio-visual equipment reached 11.918 billion yuan, an increase of 39.4%.

　　The price level has gone up.Consumer prices in the province rose by 3.1% over the previous year. Among them, cities rose by 3.1% and rural areas rose by 3.2%. The retail price of commodities rose by 3.1%, and the price of agricultural means of production rose by 1.4%. The ex-factory price of industrial products rose by 6.9%, and the purchase price of raw materials, fuel and power rose by 10.0%. The investment price of fixed assets rose by 4.0%. The production price of agricultural products rose by 9.9%.

　　

　　VI. Foreign Economy and Tourism　

　　The scale of foreign trade has expanded.The province’s total import and export volume was US$ 14.689 billion, up by 44.7%. Among them, the export was 7.955 billion US dollars, an increase of 44.8%; Imports reached US$ 6.734 billion, up by 44.5%. From the perspective of trade mode, the general trade export was 6.58 billion US dollars, an increase of 38.0%; The export of processing trade was US$ 1.164 billion, up by 70.7%. From the export of mechanical and electrical products and high-tech products, the export of mechanical and electrical products was 2.701 billion US dollars, an increase of 62.6%, accounting for 34.0% of the total export; The export of high-tech products was US$ 573 million, up by 93.0%, accounting for 7.2% of the total export.

　

　　The investment attraction has achieved remarkable results.The actual utilization of foreign direct investment in the province was 5.184 billion US dollars, an increase of 12.8%. Among them, the actual use of foreign direct investment in industry was 4.25 billion US dollars, an increase of 20.8%. There were 158 projects with foreign direct investment of more than US$ 20 million, an increase of 24.9%. During the year, five Fortune 500 enterprises were introduced, bringing the total number to 55. In fact, the domestic and foreign funds in place were 173.313 billion yuan, an increase of 20.1%. Among them, the actually paid-in industrial capital was 108.963 billion yuan, an increase of 21.6%. 332 projects with actually paid-in funds of over 100 million yuan, an increase of 64.3%; The actual funds in place were 67.208 billion yuan, an increase of 86.0%.

　　The pace of "going out" of enterprises has accelerated.The newly signed contracts for foreign contracted projects, labor service cooperation and design consultation in the province amounted to 2.115 billion US dollars, an increase of 35.4%; Realized a turnover of $1.618 billion, an increase of 50.0%; There were 39,600 overseas laborers, an increase of 15.8%. 124 overseas investment enterprises were newly approved, and the actual foreign investment was 699 million US dollars. The execution of service outsourcing contracts was US$ 539 million, an increase of 62.3% over the previous year; There are 208 service outsourcing enterprises, and 34 international qualification certifications have been obtained, with 18 new ones.

　　The tourism market is booming.The province received 203.9803 million domestic tourists, an increase of 27.0%; 1,898,700 inbound tourists were received, an increase of 45.1%. The total tourism revenue reached 142.58 billion yuan, an increase of 29.7%. Among them, domestic tourism revenue was 136.554 billion yuan, an increase of 29.6%; Tourism foreign exchange income was 887 million US dollars, up 31.8%.

　　VII. Transportation, Posts and Telecommunications　

　　The transportation industry has accelerated its development.The cargo turnover of the whole province was 295.841 billion tons kilometers, up by 16.3%, up by 10.7 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, the turnover of railway goods was 106.812 billion tons-kilometers, up by 3.6%; The turnover of highway goods was 153.936 billion tons kilometers, up by 22.2%. Passenger turnover was 149.838 billion person-kilometers, up by 12.7%, up by 9.6 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, the railway passenger turnover was 74.046 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 11.4%; The turnover of highway passengers was 68.37 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 13.7%; The passenger turnover of civil aviation was 7.251 billion person-kilometers, up by 16.3%.

　　

　　The number of civilian cars has increased rapidly.At the end of the year, the number of civilian vehicles in the province was 2,437,200, an increase of 21.8%. Among them, the number of private cars was 1,795,700, an increase of 29.9%. The number of civilian cars was 1,001,300, an increase of 32.8%. Among them, the number of private cars was 857,000, an increase of 37.8%.

　　The post and telecommunications industry has developed steadily.The total post and telecommunications business in the province was 105.209 billion yuan, an increase of 18.2%. Among them, the total postal business was 3.775 billion yuan, an increase of 10.6%; The total telecommunications business was 101.434 billion yuan, an increase of 18.5%. At the end of the year, the total capacity of local exchanges was 12.1042 million, an increase of 0.2%. At the end of the year, there were 10,770,100 fixed-line users; There were 33,461,800 mobile phone users, an increase of 6,102,800. By the end of the year, there were 3,680,200 Internet broadband users, an increase of 21.4%.

　　VIII. Finance, Finance and Insurance　

　　Fiscal revenue growth has accelerated.The total fiscal revenue of the province was 186.288 billion yuan, up by 23.3%, up by 8.6 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, the local general budget revenue was 106.596 billion yuan, an increase of 25.8%; The central government’s "two taxes" were 64.695 billion yuan, an increase of 20.0%; The central income tax was 14.608 billion yuan, an increase of 20.3%. The budget revenue of government funds was 44.48 billion yuan, an increase of 77.3%. The total fiscal revenue of counties and cities directly under the jurisdiction of the province was 44.9 billion yuan, up by 23.5%, up by 7.8 percentage points over the previous year.

　　

　　The balance of deposits and loans increased rapidly.At the end of the year, the balance of local and foreign currency deposits of financial institutions in the province was 1,664.327 billion yuan, an increase of 18.6%, an increase of 261.476 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. Among them, corporate deposits increased by 69.033 billion yuan, and savings deposits of urban and rural residents increased by 120.793 billion yuan. At the end of the year, the balance of local and foreign currency loans of financial institutions in the province was 1,152.167 billion yuan, up by 21.0%, an increase of 200.461 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. Among them, the balance of short-term loans was 354.08 billion yuan, an increase of 46.468 billion yuan; The balance of medium and long-term loans was 758.555 billion yuan, an increase of 171.701 billion yuan.

　

　　Securities market financing reached a new high.At the end of the year, there were 75 listed companies in the province. Among them, there are 63 domestic listed companies, 9 more than the previous year; There are 12 overseas listed companies, an increase of 2 over the previous year. The enterprise securities market raised 64.756 billion yuan, up 2.1 times. Among them, IPO financing was 21.623 billion yuan, up 3.5 times. At the end of the year, there were 170 business outlets of securities companies in the province, an increase of 52 over the previous year; The securities transaction volume was 2,374.772 billion yuan, an increase of 5.6%. There are 4 futures companies with a turnover of 3,926.4 billion yuan, an increase of 82.7%.

　　The pace of development of the insurance industry has accelerated.The province’s original insurance premium income was 43.853 billion yuan, an increase of 25.9%, an increase of 14.4 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, the original premium income of life insurance was 30.57 billion yuan, an increase of 23.4%; The original premium income of health insurance was 2.231 billion yuan, an increase of 28.7%; The original premium income of accident insurance was 983 million yuan, an increase of 17.3%; The original premium income of property insurance was 10.07 billion yuan, an increase of 34.3%. All kinds of compensation and payment expenses were 8.293 billion yuan, down 4.3%.

　　IX. Education, Science and Technology　

　　Education continued to develop.At the end of the year, there were 102 colleges and universities in the province. There are 276,100 college graduates, 13,100 graduate students, 282,900 secondary vocational education graduates, 361,800 ordinary high school graduates, 697,500 junior high school graduates and 728,100 ordinary primary school graduates. There were 1,419,100 children in the park, an increase of 17.5%. There were 3,653 qualified schools in compulsory education, with 400 new schools. The enrollment rate of primary school-age children is 99.92%, and the enrollment rate of junior high school-age population is 99.83%. 4.007 billion yuan for the guarantee of compulsory education; We distributed 450 million yuan of state grants for secondary vocational schools, 658 million yuan of state scholarships and grants for colleges and universities, and subsidized 769,000 secondary vocational students and 432,000 college students.

　　

　　The ability of scientific and technological innovation has been continuously enhanced.At the end of the year, there were 12 national and 100 provincial engineering technology research centers in the province. Among them, 2 national and 19 provincial engineering technology research centers have been added. At the end of the year, there were 6 national key laboratories and 64 provincial key laboratories of enterprises. Undertake 188 national "863" plan projects. 5,137 technical contracts were signed, with a turnover of 4.009 billion yuan. 865 scientific and technological achievements at or above the provincial and ministerial levels have been achieved. Among them, there are 47 achievements in basic theory and 806 achievements in applied technology. Won 18 national scientific and technological progress awards and 2 national technological invention awards. The number of patent applications was 22,381, and the number of patents granted was 13,873, increasing by 40.3% and 66.9% respectively. Among them, the number of invention patent applications was 6,438, an increase of 45.8%. The number of applications from enterprises, universities and research institutes increased by 45.5%, 37.7% and 8.9% respectively, and the number of authorizations increased by 98.5%, 49.4% and 93.0% respectively. The added value of high-tech industries was 195.108 billion yuan, an increase of 36.4%, an increase of 11.7 percentage points over the previous year.

　　Improve the level of comprehensive technical services.At the end of the year, there were 1265 product testing laboratories in the province, with 29 new ones. Among them, there are 12 national product quality supervision and inspection centers, with 5 new ones. There are 103 legal metrological verification institutions and 113 special equipment inspection institutions. Participated in the formulation of 20 national standards and organized the formulation of 101 local standards. Surveying and mapping departments published 144 kinds of maps. There are 7,629 geodetic achievements, 7,213 aerial photographs and 20,285 basic geographic information data. Meteorological, hydrological, earthquake and other technical services were further developed.

　　X. Culture, Health and Sports　

　　Cultural undertakings have been consolidated.393 township cultural stations have been built in the province. By the end of the year, there were 99 performing arts groups, 140 mass art museums and cultural centers, 120 public libraries and 67 museums and memorial halls. 536,800 rural public welfare films were screened. There are 11 radio stations and 15 TV stations. There were 6,404,600 cable TV users, an increase of 340,700. At the end of the year, the comprehensive population coverage rate of radio and television was 91.99% and 96.43%, respectively, up by 0.33 and 0.32 percentage points over the previous year. It is listed as 70 national intangible cultural heritage protection catalogues and 221 provincial protection catalogues. Published 7525 books, 86 newspapers and 249 periodicals. 312 million books, 1.079 billion newspapers and 125 million periodicals were published.

　　Health undertakings have developed steadily.There are 14,455 health institutions in the province. Among them, there are 770 hospitals, 2,330 health centers, 140 maternal and child health centers (institutes and stations) and 85 specialized disease prevention and treatment hospitals (institutes and stations). Hospitals and health centers have a total of 208,100 beds, an increase of 5.5%. There were 257,000 health technicians, an increase of 3.6%. Among them, there were 111,000 medical practitioners and assistant medical practitioners, an increase of 9.9%; There were 95,000 registered nurses, an increase of 14.5%.

　　Sports undertakings have made continuous progress.The province has carried out 1650 national fitness programs, with 19.577 million people taking part in physical exercise regularly. There are 887 new administrative villages for farmers’ physical fitness projects. At the Guangzhou Asian Games, he won 12 gold medals, 5 silver medals and 2 bronze medals, and won 5 world champions, 14 Asian champions and 44 national champions in the whole year. In addition, he won 4 gold medals and 2 silver medals at the Guangzhou Asian Para Games. There are 21,365 sports venues. Among them, there are 160 gymnasiums, 656 sports grounds, 190 swimming pools and 20,359 training rooms.

　　XI. Resources, Environment and Safety in Production　

　　New achievements have been made in mineral resources exploration and geological disaster prevention and control.The province has completed the resource integration of 13 important minerals and 27 key mining areas. 211 geological exploration projects (including follow-up projects), 16 prospecting projects for mines with resource crisis, and 11 new large and medium-sized mineral sites were discovered. There are 8 national geological parks and 20 geological relics protection areas. 106 geological disasters were successfully avoided.

　　Ecological protection was further strengthened.The sewage treatment rate of cities in the province is 75.1%, and the harmless treatment rate of municipal solid waste is 79.1%, which are 15.9 and 12.5 percentage points higher than that of the previous year respectively. There are 14 cities whose air quality has reached the second-class standard, an increase of 2 over the previous year; Of the 97 monitoring sections of surface water, 91.8% met the Class III standard, up by 4.3 percentage points over the previous year. The construction of 61 national ecological demonstration zones has been approved. The afforestation area of barren hills and wasteland in the whole year was 213,400 hectares. At the end of the year, the area of closing hillsides for afforestation was 481,000 hectares. The forest coverage rate was 57.01%, an increase of 0.58 percentage points over the previous year.

　　Significant progress has been made in energy conservation and emission reduction.According to preliminary accounting, the energy consumption per unit scale of industrial added value in the province decreased by 11.94% compared with the previous year. The comprehensive energy consumption of 28 enterprises listed in the national "thousand energy-saving enterprises" increased by 7.9%, which was 0.8 percentage points lower than the growth rate of comprehensive energy consumption of large-scale industries; It accounts for 37.1% of the comprehensive energy consumption of large-scale industries. The comprehensive energy consumption of "100 energy-saving enterprises" (excluding the national "1,000 energy-saving enterprises") increased by 3.0%, which was 5.7 percentage points lower than the growth rate of comprehensive energy consumption of large-scale industries; It accounts for 15.3% of the comprehensive energy consumption of large-scale industries. Among 73 kinds of energy consumption indicators per unit product reported by key energy-consuming industrial enterprises with annual comprehensive energy consumption of 10,000 tons of standard coal or above, 49 kinds have decreased, accounting for 67.1%. Chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions were reduced by 5.82% and 1.26% respectively.

　　The situation of safe production is stable.There were 12,061 safety accidents in the province, up by 10.8%. 2985 people died, down 6.7%. The number of deaths from production safety accidents of 100 million yuan GDP was 0.19, down by 24.0%; There were 100,000 employees in industrial, mining and commercial enterprises, and the death toll from production accidents was 2.42, down by 19.7%. There were 3.09 deaths per million tons in coal mines, down by 24.0%. There were 8413 road traffic accidents in the whole year, an increase of 13.1%; The number of road traffic deaths per 10,000 vehicles was 3.43, down by 9.7%.

　　XII. People’s livelihood and social security　

　　The income of urban and rural residents increased steadily.The per capita disposable income of urban residents in the province was 16,566 yuan, an increase of 9.8%; After deducting the price factor, the real increase was 6.5%. Among them, the per capita wage income was 9839 yuan, an increase of 9.6%. The per capita net income of rural residents was 5,622 yuan, an increase of 14.5%; After deducting the price factor, the real increase was 10.8%. Among them, the per capita wage income was 2,656 yuan, an increase of 18.9%.

　　

　　People’s living standards have been further improved.The per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents in the province was 11,825 yuan, an increase of 9.2%. Among them, the per capita expenditure on tourism and transportation and communication increased by 42.2% and 24.9% respectively. The per capita living expenditure of rural residents was 4,310 yuan, an increase of 7.2%. Among them, the per capita expenditure on household equipment, supplies and services and clothing increased by 19.8% and 15.0% respectively. The Engel coefficient of urban residents is 36.5%, and that of rural residents is 48.4%. The per capita living area of urban residents is 31.2 square meters, an increase of 1 square meter; The per capita housing area of rural residents was 42.2 square meters, an increase of 0.5 square meters.

　　

　　The social security system has been continuously improved.At the end of the year, the number of employees participating in urban basic old-age insurance in the province was 9,376,600, an increase of 585,900 over the end of the previous year. Among them, there were 6,728,500 employees and 2,648,100 retirees. The number of people participating in urban basic medical insurance was 18,942,600, an increase of 623,300. Among them, 7,773,200 people participated in the basic medical insurance for urban workers and 11,169,400 people participated in the basic medical insurance for urban residents. The number of employees participating in unemployment insurance was 3,995,000, an increase of 74,900. The number of employees participating in industrial injury insurance was 5,151,200, an increase of 430,400. The number of employees participating in maternity insurance was 5,271,200, an increase of 246,900. The number of people participating in the new rural cooperative medical system was 48.627 million, with a participation rate of 95.3%, an increase of 4.1 percentage points over the previous year. At the end of the year, the number of employees receiving unemployment insurance benefits was 152,800. At the end of the year, there were 127,100 beds in various adoptive social welfare units, and 106,900 people were adopted. 9773 community service facilities have been established in cities and towns. Among them, there are 477 comprehensive community service centers. In the whole year, we sold 2.634 billion yuan of social welfare lottery tickets, raised 863 million yuan of social welfare funds and directly received 69 million yuan of social donations.

　　Note:

　　1. The data in this bulletin are preliminary statistics, in which the energy consumption data are preliminary audited by the National Bureau of Statistics.

　　2. The absolute figures of regional GDP and added value of various industries are calculated at current prices, and the growth rate is calculated at comparable prices.

　　3.2010 is the year of the national census. According to the relevant regulations of the national census, the population and related data will not be released for the time being.

On November 12th, the Ministry of Health of China said that China would amend the Regulations on Entry and Exit Administration to lift the 20-year entry restriction for HIV carriers and infected people. 　　From the blind fear of AIDS and its patients in the past to the rational acceptance now, in addition to the change in understanding, it also reveals the confidence of the China government in AIDS prevention and treatment. 　　In recent years, the Ministry of Health has listed the reporting and monitoring of HIV-infected people and AIDS patients as the focus of AIDS prevention and control work, and the AIDS prevention and control work has shown a good trend. 　　In September last year, the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission invested 14 million yuan to launch a major scientific research project "AIDS prevention and control strategy and comprehensive prevention and control research", which consisted of seven sub-projects, which were jointly undertaken by seven units, including Beijing You ‘an Hospital, ditan hospital, Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing Center for Disease Control, 302 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Beijing University of Technology and Guang ‘anmen Chinese Medicine Hospital. It is planned to establish a prevention and control strategy and scientific research center in Beijing in the next three years. 　　According to reports, this major project has designed an interface with international cooperation from the very beginning. During the implementation of the project, through close cooperation with Oxford University in the UK, it has continuously introduced the latest international technology and mature experience in international AIDS clinical management, and achieved initial success. 　　The essence of cooperation is to cultivate local scientific research ability 　　For Wu Hao, the head of the AIDS project in Beijing You ‘an Hospital, the cooperation with Britain has become familiar. As early as 2003, he had a successful cooperation with Xu Xiaoning of Oxford University, the British leader of this project. 　　Due to the high level of research on coronavirus in Britain, during the SARS epidemic, Xu Xiaoning was specially invited by Beijing Municipal Health Bureau to come to Beijing to discuss the Sino-British cooperative research on SARS. "It was a dangerous time. There were no people in the streets. Professor Xu risked his life to come to Beijing." Wu Hao said with a smile. 　　The Sino-British SARS cooperation project kicked off. According to the agreement, the British Medical Research Council (MRC) provided technical, instrument, reagent and personnel training support to You ‘an Hospital, and the mode of Sino-British cooperation began to take shape. The project "AIDS prevention and control strategy and comprehensive prevention and control research" is another all-round cooperation between Oxford University and Beijing You ‘an Hospital after the SARS cooperation project. 　　You ‘an Hospital is the hospital with the largest number of AIDS patients in Beijing, and has accumulated valuable experience in AIDS research and diagnosis. "Cooperation with the AIDS project of You ‘an Hospital is mainly to study the immunological mechanism of HIV after natural infection, especially how to suppress the virus in the early stage of infection, and do basic research for the production of AIDS vaccine." Xu Xiaoning said. 　　In the past 20 years, about 200 kinds of AIDS vaccines have been developed around the world, but so far, no vaccine has been successful in large-scale human experiments. The difficulty in the development of AIDS vaccine lies in the rapid variation of HIV, so Xu Xiaoning thinks that it is better to strengthen basic research than to invest a lot of money in the development of AIDS vaccine. Only when we really understand the mechanism and know how to make the immune cross-reaction, can we choose a system that can directly stimulate cellular immunity or cross-reaction, so that the vaccine has broad spectrum. 　　According to reports, Xu Xiaoning is pushing you ‘an Hospital to build a third-level laboratory for biosafety protection, namely P3 laboratory, and will serve as the director of the laboratory. The laboratory will undertake part of the work of vaccine development through the separation, culture and reproduction of virus samples such as SARS and AIDS. The whole laboratory is completely sealed, and the room is in a negative pressure state, so as to ensure that the virus samples will not cause harm to the experimenters and the external environment. 　　In order to cultivate China’s local R&D capability, Xu Xiaoning did not want to just use China as a collection base for virus specimens, but provided a lot of technical and management support for this project, bringing advanced technology from abroad and training personnel for Chinese and foreign scientists to do research together. 　　Through such cooperation, China research institutions can establish their own scientific research teams quickly. Wu Hao said: "The British side sends two or three experts to You ‘an Hospital every year to do experiments for a long time, each time for three months to six months; There are also several students from China who go to the UK to study for doctors and do experiments for one to two years, which are counted as students jointly trained by both sides. " 　　Renewing the concept of clinical scientific research 　　"MRC spent 300 million pounds to move a research institute to the hospital. In Britain, the Institute of Life Sciences, which studies human diseases, is within 500 meters of the hospital. " Xu Xiaoning said: "The research on human diseases must be closely integrated with hospitals, which has become a world trend." 　　However, the current situation in China is that many institutions that study human diseases do not have corresponding hospitals, which leads to the lack of communication between clinicians and researchers, and the decoupling of clinical and scientific research. Some researchers only regard clinicians as the source of specimens, and many doctors only obtain the signatures of scientific research papers by providing virus samples, but their scientific research ability has not been improved. 　　In fact, in this mode, researchers have no stable source of specimens, so they can’t conduct long-term systematic research, and they don’t understand the clinic, so it is difficult for scientific research results to solve clinical problems. 　　"The purpose of our cooperation is to improve the scientific research ability of clinicians in China and break the gap between clinical and scientific research." Xu Xiaoning said. 　　As the first clinical doctoral tutor in You ‘an Hospital, Wu Hao has two outpatient clinics every week, one for hepatitis and the other for sexually transmitted diseases. His doctoral students were also sent to Oxford University in the form of Sino-British joint training to carry out laboratory research; Three chief physicians and head nurses of AIDS wards have also received short-term training in Britain. 　　Huang Xiaojie used to be a clinician, working in an outpatient clinic. Later, at the invitation of Xu Xiaoning, she served as the coordinator of the Sino-British AIDS project, and at the same time, she followed Wu Hao to carry out doctoral research. "Participants in the AIDS project are both basic research and clinicians. General hospital experts focus on clinical research without their own laboratories, while we have a 300-square-meter laboratory." Huang Xiaojie said proudly. 　　"Let people who study medicine engage in scientific research, so that they can understand the basic mechanism of diseases and communicate with researchers easily. At the same time, arrange people who engage in basic research in hospitals and communicate with doctors more, so that scientific research can be targeted." Xu Xiaoning said. 　　Get twice the result with half the effort, target high-risk groups 　　At the end of 2006, a survey report on the health status of gay men published by the Chinese Center for Disease Control concluded that gay men are the high-risk group of HIV infection in China. For example, there are nearly 300,000 homosexuals in Beijing. Among 526 male homosexuals in Beijing, the HIV infection rate is 3%, ranking first in China. Nearly one-third of gay men have bisexual behavior and become a high-risk group for HIV infection and transmission. Only about 20% of gay men can insist on using condoms and other protective measures every time they have sex. 　　Compared with the general population, the high-risk population has a high incidence and strong infectivity, so Beijing You ‘an Hospital locks its sub-project as screening of high-risk population. Screening for high-risk groups, we can find the law of AIDS transmission in Beijing, determine who are the high-risk groups of AIDS, in which groups AIDS is transmitted, and which groups of people will cause the incidence of AIDS in Beijing to increase. By referring to the screening data, AIDS prevention and control strategies can be adjusted in a targeted manner. 　　"Through screening, we can also find out the HIV infection rate of high-risk groups in Beijing, find some newly infected patients who are still in the window period as soon as possible, and conduct research on the pathogenesis, treatment and immunity of acute infection to help AIDS prevention and treatment." Huang Xiaoyu said. 　　Studies have shown that the infection rate of unprotected sexual intercourse among HIV-infected people in acute infection period is as high as 1/30, while the infection rate of patients in asymptomatic AIDS period is only 3‰. "Therefore, carrying out safety education for patients in acute period can not only save money, but also reduce the incidence of AIDS well, which will have a multiplier effect on prevention and treatment." Wu Hao said. 　　AIDS is a public health problem, not limited to high-risk groups. "Like other infectious diseases, AIDS infection also has a critical point. When it reaches this critical point, it will spread to the general population and become an epidemic." Xu Xiaoning said. Because homosexuals are not accepted by China society, they may transmit HIV to their spouses and children after being forced to get married. 　　Details win, humanized queue screening mode 　　The goal of gay queue in You ‘an Hospital is to establish 800 queues, which is a very difficult task. In epidemiological research, a queue refers to a group of people who have a common experience or state. 800 gay queues will track and detect 800 homosexuals for 3 years, and the frequency is once every 2 months. 　　Due to social discrimination, most homosexuals are reluctant to reveal their identity, and are prone to rejection of AIDS testing. For example, some follow-up people don’t leave the correct phone number, or just check it once and then stop cooperating with the return visit. Therefore, the construction of gay queues in China and even internationally has been unsatisfactory. In some domestic research institutions, the testing period may be as long as half a year, and it is actually a cross-sectional test of the follow-up, so it is difficult to obtain complete and sustainable cohort data. 　　You ‘an Hospital draws lessons from international experience and explores a set of methods to improve the follow-up rate. For example, first train some gay backbones, and persuade gay groups to come to the hospital for AIDS testing through their distribution of condoms and free inspection cards. The hospital also promised that in case the follow-up patients were found to have sexually transmitted diseases and other infectious diseases, they would be given free treatment until they recovered. If found infected with HIV, the hospital will give full free treatment according to the national policy, and use the best drugs available in China. "All in all, we try our best to do our work from the perspective of this group." Huang Xiaoyu said. 　　You ‘an Hospital also uses hospital resources to implement more testing and treatment projects than other institutions. Taking the gay cohort as an example, besides HIV antibody and HIV virus load, each inspection project also includes syphilis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, which greatly enhances the willingness of follow-up. 　　The hospital also regularly invites psychologists to do psychological training for the follow-up, promotes peer education, and organizes various cultural performances, so that the interviewees can establish a good relationship with the hospital during the activities. "In our place, queue testing is not just about leaving after one test, but establishing long-term emotional ties with the respondents." Huang Xiaoyu said. 　　When visiting the testing room specially set up for the follow-up, Huang Xiaojie specially introduced: "In order to protect the privacy of the follow-up, we specially separated the testing room of the follow-up who has been infected with HIV from the uninfected follow-up. Because they are a special group with a small circle, many people know each other. If they can’t be isolated during testing, it may lead to contradictions between them. " 　　This solid and meticulous work mode has been recognized by the gay people. At present, You ‘an Hospital has built 500 gay queues, and now 70% of patients who came for examination a year ago can guarantee to visit once every two months. 　　The difficulty of gay cohort screening is that it is difficult to find acute patients, and good cohort construction is the basis and premise to overcome this difficulty. Due to the unsuccessful cohort construction in other domestic institutions, only a few acute patients have been found at present, while the cohort study in You ‘an Hospital has only been carried out for more than one year, and more than a dozen acute patients have been found. 　　"Through Sino-British cooperation, we can not only get technical and financial guarantee, but also train our own research team and better grasp the research direction and implementation details of AIDS." Wu Hao said: "This kind of research has no worries."

　　With the development of Internet and self-media, the spread of rumors is accelerating. In the process of preventing and controlling the epidemic in COVID-19, various rumors emerged one after another, which had a great impact on social order.

　　Recently, wenjuan.com, the Social Investigation Center of China Youth Newspaper, conducted a survey on 2003 respondents, showing that 66.2% of the respondents admitted that they had been recruited by rumors. 73.5% of the respondents believe that rumors will disrupt social order. 69.0% of the respondents suggested establishing a rumor system to update the rumor information in time.

　　Among the respondents, 4.2% were born after 00, 28.9% after 90, 46.9% after 80, 15.3% after 70 and 4.1% after 60. Men account for 44.1% and women account for 55.9%.

　　66.2% of respondents admitted that they had been recruited by rumors.

　　Liu Wen (pseudonym), 27, works in Tianjin. During this time, she saw many so-called ways to prevent COVID-19, such as gargling with salt water, drinking alcohol and smoking vinegar, and many of them were later identified as rumors. "Some rumors can be judged according to common sense, while others need more information to distinguish them."

　　Liu Wen said that with the development and changes of the epidemic, she recently noticed some rumors about the epidemic cases, "for example, where there are clustered cases, or where there are cases in the area where she lives." However, I usually take the official information as the standard. "

　　In the survey, 66.2% of the respondents admitted that they had been recruited by rumors. 14.0% of the respondents feel that they have a strong ability to identify rumors, 63.2% feel strong, 22.1% feel not strong, and 0.8% of the respondents frankly have no.

　　Yang Binyan, an associate researcher at the Institute of Journalism and Communication of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that at present, people’s demand for information has increased dramatically, and they will constantly check and collect relevant information. Because of the worries and fears about the epidemic, people are more likely to believe rumors. In addition, in the era of mass communication, sudden emergencies have greatly aroused the information exchange and communication behavior of ordinary people and various subjects. "The amount of information is huge, and the subjects of voice are diverse, so people often feel that the information is difficult to distinguish between true and false".

　　69.0% of the respondents suggested establishing a rumor system to update the rumor information in time.

　　"Rumors like a ‘ Information virus ’ People who lack the ability to distinguish may be recruited. Rumors may also have a diffusion effect and must be blocked in time. " Tian Rui, a post-95 girl who lives in Beijing, said.

　　Regarding the possible impact of rumors, in the survey, 73.5% of the respondents thought it would disrupt social order, 68.4% thought it would spread negative emotions and 63.7% thought it would aggravate social panic.

　　"Although said ‘ Spread rumors, open your mouth and break your leg ’ However, if the rumor information is not spread in time, it will only increase the harm of rumors. " Tian Rui feels that it is very important to dispel rumors and block the spread of rumors in time.

　　To reduce the harm of rumors, 69.0% of the respondents suggested to establish a rumor system and update the rumor information in time, 66.8% suggested to improve the public’s media literacy and ability to identify rumors, 65.1% suggested to release authoritative news in time to let the truth run through rumors, and 54.5% suggested to increase the punishment for rumors and increase the illegal cost.

　　"The public opinion survey laboratory of China Academy of Social Sciences conducted a survey during the epidemic and came to the conclusion, ‘ The traditional mainstream media is the ballast stone of information dissemination and public opinion during the epidemic ’ 。” Yang Binyan believes that in the face of sudden public health incidents, it is the top priority of the media to conduct public communication quickly, timely, accurately, truly and scientifically, and it is the first responsibility that the media needs to bear in an emergency. The traditional mainstream media is duty-bound to undertake such tasks and missions. Under the epidemic situation, the public’s demand for news information has greatly increased, which requires orderly organization and coordination and continuous professional content production, and the advantages of traditional mainstream media are outstanding.

　　How do ordinary people deal with rumors? Yang Binyan believes that the ability to identify rumors can be improved from the following aspects: first, we should pay attention to the sources of information and obtain information from authoritative scientific information sources, such as the authoritative release of central media and central and local governments; Second, under the theme of "fighting pneumonia", some platforms have a column dedicated to "dispelling rumors", which can be used for more reference; Thirdly, it is necessary to see clearly what news is released by news media and what are the opinions and comments of netizens, including experts, celebrities, big V, online celebrity and so on, and to distinguish between "news" and "opinions".

　　Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang reporter Sun Shan Source: China Youth Daily

　　Yantai Development Zone Senior Middle School held the ceremony of campus youth adulthood. Photo courtesy of Yantai Education Bureau

　　editorial comment/note

　　In the process of educational reform and development, many typical models have emerged. They have had an important influence and made important contributions in the history of new China’s education development. For many years, they have also been persistent in the journey of educational reform. In order to present these typical new achievements and experiences in further promoting education reform, starting from today, this newspaper will open the column of "70 Years of Magnificence and Typical Return Visit in the New Era of Struggle", and successively publish the typical return visit reports that have been launched by this newspaper, so please pay attention.

　

　　Quality education is an unavoidable topic in contemporary China education. From the early days of reform and opening up, many places have begun to explore hard. In this exploration, Yantai is another unavoidable place.

　　In 1984, the first experimental area of educational reform in China was born in Yantai. In 1990, the State Education Commission identified Yantai as a pilot city for comprehensive urban education reform in China. In 1992, Yantai’s experience in quality education reform attracted much attention, and People’s Daily and China Education News reported it one after another. In September 1997, the national experience exchange meeting of quality education in primary and secondary schools was held in Yantai, which became an advanced model of quality education in China.

　　In the development history of quality education, the pace of Yantai people’s reform has never stopped. For more than 30 years, they have unswervingly implemented quality education and written a rich and colorful stroke.

　　Recently, our reporter went deep into Yantai, Shandong Province for investigation and interview, revisited the forefront and fiery scene of the reform in that year, and analyzed the latest progress of quality education reform, with a view to providing a reference model for the latecomers who promote quality education today with Yantai, the "living fossil" of quality education.

　　From the individual to the whole — —

　　Always take the growth of students as the foundation.

　　Qu Wenteng, a chemistry teacher at Dayao Middle School in Muping District, is very happy in recent years. Because of the appearance of the tutorial case, a teaching pain point that has plagued him for many years has been solved at once: the problem of uneven students’ level — — Some people don’t have enough to eat, and some people can’t eat.

　　The guiding plan adheres to the design principle of few, precise and thoughtful. By designing hierarchical learning objectives, leading questions and corresponding exercises, students with different learning situations can be guided to find their own content and methods. This efficient classroom reform with the guidance plan as the core has been carried out in Dayao Middle School for more than ten years. President Sui Zhengong said that this model is based on respecting students’ differences, aiming at developing students’ differences and cultivating students’ self-learning ability, and its core is student-oriented.

　　Speaking of the concept of differentiated teaching, Sui Zhengong said that this is actually in line with the junior high school quality education reform implemented by Dayao Middle School more than 30 years ago.

　　Back in the 1980s, in order to consolidate the achievements of "Nine-Year General Education" and better implement quality education in junior high schools, Yantai City, starting from the goal of all-round development, lost no time in launching the overall reform plan of "two-for-all, two-for-four reform" with classified guidance and separate teaching as the main ways, with 16 different types of junior high schools such as Dayao Middle School in Muping District, Beima Middle School in Longkou City and Qixia Experimental Middle School taking the lead in "classified guidance".

　　Dayao Middle School at that time was the pioneer of reform. Under the leadership of Li Peizhi, then principal of the school, the school explored and built a junior high school education model of "two parts", which was praised as "the golden key to open junior high school quality education". Subsequently, Dayao Middle School was recognized as "an advanced model of quality education in primary and secondary schools in China" by the State Education Commission and relevant experts. In September 1997, the State Education Commission held a national experience exchange meeting on quality education in primary and secondary schools in Yantai, and Dayao Middle School was selected as a "junior high school" to visit the site.

　　From the individual to the whole, this question, which was once placed in front of Li Peizhi and Sui Zhengong, got a similar answer in line with the spirit of the times under the concept of differentiated teaching.

　　More than 30 years have passed, and the research on differential education has never stopped in Yantai. The research on differential education has become an excellent research project that regional professional researchers and front-line principals and teachers have participated in and adhered to for 23 years. More than 1,000 experimental teachers from 212 experimental schools have participated in the project experiment. The research achievement won the second prize of provincial basic education teaching achievement twice in a row.

　　Focusing on the all-round development of students, the student-oriented curriculum reform is being continuously and comprehensively promoted in Yantai. At present, differentiated teaching has been extended to all disciplines and all aspects of school work, and different students have obtained development paths suitable for their own growth here.

　　From result to process — —

　　Always take evaluation reform as the guide.

　　Sports and art are a happy thing in Laizhou bilingual school. This is the goal that President Zhao Fuqing has been pursuing for many years. "I just want to make sports and art change from passive to conscious, from task to interest, and from result to process."

　　In order to achieve this goal, the school has set up a set of evaluation system of physical arts based on process evaluation, such as classroom observers, nine-day sports meeting, home sports homework, sports cooperation teaching, and the evaluation scheme of "physical fitness+skills" & HELIP; …

　　The sports meeting of Laizhou Bilingual School lasts for 9 days, from class to department and then to the whole school. Everyone is an athlete and everyone can get evaluation. During holidays, with the participation of parents, students have to complete a physical exercise every day; In the classroom, evaluation is divided into teacher evaluation and student evaluation, and student evaluation evaluates and summarizes the performance of each group by classroom observers in each class … …

　　Zhao Fuqing, who has been teaching for many years, has participated in and experienced the quality education reform in Yantai for many years. In his view, Yantai’s sports and arts reform comes down in one continuous line.

　　After the resumption of the college entrance examination in 1977, Yantai’s enrollment rate has been among the best in Shandong Province, and people used to be proud of it. Later, in order to pursue the enrollment rate, some schools began to take further studies as the baton and cut off the courses of music, physical education and beauty.

　　The reform of quality education in Yantai begins with the reform of examination system and evaluation system. First of all, the reform of the 100-point system was abolished in primary schools, and the evaluation method of "grade+specialty+comment" was implemented to liberate primary school students from the weight of scores. All subjects in primary schools are assessed by sub-items, and rated according to four grades: excellent, good, passing and failing. The assessment will be carried out by combining the daily examination with the comprehensive examination.

　　Looking back on the past, how similar this is. Since 2012, Yantai Education Bureau has studied and put forward the idea of school physical education reform of "scientific research leading, administrative promotion, point-to-area and regional promotion", taking the lead in establishing the development concept of "healthy sports, scientific sports and all-round sports" in the country. After more than six years of exploration and practice, the city’s education system has gradually established a five-in-one school physical education reform system of "complete guarantee, curriculum optimization, training promotion, competition guidance and standard guidance", laying a solid foundation for students’ lifelong physical education.

　　From the baton focusing on results to the evaluation system focusing on process, Yantai quality education has blossomed in various campuses. On the campus of Penglai No.2 Experimental Primary School, the hall of the teaching building has become a stage for students to display, and the most conspicuous wall is reserved for the "one-star" students who perform best every month. Even the piano in the corner has become a stage for students to compete for display, and the campus is full of students’ cheers and smiling faces. At the Second Experimental Primary School in Muping District, every day at noon, the reading forum starts on time and persists every day, rain or shine. This normalized speech activity has cultivated students’ confidence and ability to speak and express in front of everyone.

　　From school to society — —

　　Always aim at all-round development.

　　For students living in Yantai, social practice is a necessary action to participate in and complete with their parents.

　　Since the summer of 2013, Yantai has organized and guided students and parents to participate in the social practice activities of "practice base group, social big classroom" in the city by means of "parents’ full participation and timely guidance from the school", and entered social venues such as museums, nuclear power plants and air forces that are open to primary and secondary school students free of charge.

　　After more than six years, Yantai has gradually established a comprehensive practical activity curriculum system with the theme of "ideal moral construction, vocational skills training, scientific exploration and innovation, and comprehensive quality improvement" and the characteristics of "school+base group". Up to now, Yantai has built 33 municipal social practice listing bases, 139 county-level listing bases and 560 school-level listing bases, and the characteristic practice education base group of primary and secondary schools has begun to take shape.

　　The comprehensive practical curriculum system in full swing is just one of the two wings of the new regional integrated moral education curriculum system that Yantai has continuously promoted in recent years. On the whole, Yantai’s framework is a new framework of "one subject and two wings" regional integrated moral education curriculum, which focuses on subject moral education curriculum and takes traditional culture curriculum and practical activity curriculum as two wings.

　　"The outstanding feature of the new system of Yantai regional integration moral education curriculum is three combinations." Xu Jianmin, director of Yantai Education Bureau, introduced that the combination of administrative decision-making and scientific research guidance, inheritance and innovation and development, and school, family and social education should be adhered to.

　　Since it was established as a national experimental area for educational reform in 1984, Yantai has made rich experience and achievements in the field of moral education reform in primary and secondary schools while deepening the reform of quality education. On the one hand, Yantai organically integrates the scattered experience of a single point, and then grasps the point and gives full play to the role of demonstration radiation; On the other hand, based on the new situation and requirements of moral education and the new situation and problems of school moral education reform and development, the classic educational wisdom is organically integrated into the brand-new moral education practice.

　　After three years of exploration and practice, the reform and development of integrated moral education curriculum in Yantai city is in good condition. Five schools in the city have been rated as national excellent Chinese traditional culture demonstration schools, and the moral education courses of more than 130 schools have become gold medals in their respective districts and cities, becoming the "favorite" for school principals and teachers in the city and the region to watch and learn.

　　Walking into the second experimental primary school in Muping District, I was just catching up with an "apricot" thing at school: picking apricots. In the school’s "pocket garden" and dozens of apricot trees near the courtyard wall, golden and full apricots are ripe. The students excitedly and carefully picked the apricots they planted one by one.

　　President Jiang Yuemei introduced that in order to provide students with sufficient practice space and create opportunities for "working all the time", the school has carried out four aspects of work: developing "pocket vegetable garden" and building a labor platform; Scientific planting management to improve labor quality; Carry out research study to enhance labor skills; Take advantage of the charity sale and feel the meaning of labor. It is worth mentioning that according to the solar terms, the school compiled the school-based textbook "Follow the solar terms", and these "small farmers" followed the solar terms textbook to carry out inquiry learning and research.

　　In 2017, the integrated observation and exchange activities of moral education courses in primary and secondary schools in Shandong Province were held in Yantai, which was highly praised by the Provincial Department of Education and peers in the province. In 2018, the results of the integrated reform of Yantai moral education curriculum won the second prize of the provincial basic education teaching achievements.

　　From Method to Theory — —

　　Always guided by education and scientific research.

　　Under the observation and discussion of more than 600 people in two days, Yin Shaoping, the principal of Zhaoyuan Experimental Primary School, has a deeper and broader understanding of the "12xue internet plus Teaching Characteristic Model" that she insists on, and at the same time, she has strengthened her confidence in going on. In November 2018, the "Yantai Education and Scientific Research Tour" series of activities was held in Zhaoyuan, Yantai. More than 600 people from all the staff, principals of primary and secondary schools and key teachers of all counties and cities participated in the activities.

　　"This session is ‘ A trip to education and scientific research ’ The ninth stop. " Guan Xiji, Dean of Yantai Academy of Educational Sciences, said that this activity was started in 2010 in Yantai, and it entered a county every year. The number of participants exceeded 1,000 for many years. The content of the activity deepened year by year, and the coverage continued to expand. A large number of advanced units and outstanding teachers emerged with this platform, forming a core brand in the field of regional education and scientific research.

　　"Yantai’s quality education reform has always had an important principle — — Guided by scientific research. " Guan Xiji hit home.

　　Xu Jianmin put forward the basic requirements of "improving our work with research spirit, research thinking, research methods and research standards, taking research as a way of work and becoming the level of work we pursue", and "promoting educational research with administrative power and carrying out educational administration with research spirit".

　　It is under the guidance of research spirit that Yantai can break through the primary stage of finding solutions to practical problems and transform and refine various reforms into scientific tools and even theories in time. According to statistics, in 2016, the first outstanding achievements in educational science research in Shandong Province were selected, and Yantai ranked first in the province in terms of the number of awards, the passing rate and the fields involved; In 2017, the number, passing rate and categories involved in the annual project of the 13 th Five-Year Plan for Education Science in Shandong Province ranked first in the province; In 2018, the province’s basic education teaching achievement award passed the second place in the province; In 2019, the passing rate of basic education and teaching reform projects in Shandong Province once again ranked first in the province.

　　Thirty years of hard work. In the late 1980s, for a long time after the resumption of the college entrance examination, students, parents, schools and society were all pursuing the enrollment rate, and there were many calls for reform, and all localities explored ways to promote students’ all-round development. The quality education reform in Yantai is just the right time.

　　From "cancel the percentage system and implement ‘ Grade+specialty+comment ’ The evaluation method, liberating primary school students from the weight of scores ",to" implementing ‘ Classification guidance ’ , implemented in the graduation grade ‘ Diversion education ’ , don’t have to hordes to squeeze ‘ A wooden bridge ’ " Finally, to "reform the enrollment system of senior high school entrance examination, link the enrollment quota of senior high schools and technical secondary schools with the conditions and level of running schools in towns and villages, and turn the competition for further education into the competition for running schools" … …

　　In 1997, the national experience exchange meeting on quality education in primary and secondary schools was held in Yantai. The meeting not only summed up the experience, but also made a comprehensive plan and deployment for the implementation of quality education throughout the country. This marks that the reform of quality education in China has entered the stage of national reform from regional experiment.

　　Yantai contributed a lot.

　　Now, when you walk into Yantai, you will find that learning has become a happy and fulfilling thing. Students with comprehensive qualities have made great achievements in the college entrance examination and talented people have emerged in large numbers. Walking into Yantai, you will find that the implementation of quality education is no longer a slogan, but a real action by governments, schools and teachers at all levels; Walking into Yantai, you will find that the strategic vision and great courage of the pioneers of reform have been inherited in the same strain, and the motivation for reform has not diminished.

　　Yantai, always on the road … …

　　Our reporter Yan Yuekun Zhang Shenghua correspondent Lu Peng