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　　On January 21st, the results of the second batch of centralized drug procurement organized by the state were released, and 32 varieties were successfully purchased, with an average price drop of 53% and the highest drop of 93%. Many drugs selected this time are commonly used by ordinary people, involving diabetes, hypertension, colds and fever, etc., and more patients will benefit.

　　The commonly used drugs such as Baitangping for diabetics, indapamide tablets for hypertensive patients and acetaminophen for colds and fever have been reduced by more than half!

　　On January 17th, under the guidance of the National Medical Insurance Bureau and other departments, all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps formed a procurement alliance, and the second batch of centralized procurement of drugs organized by the state was carried out in Shanghai, resulting in the result of quasi-winning. 32 varieties were successfully purchased, and compared with the lowest purchase price in the alliance area in 2018, the average selected price decreased by 53%. On January 21st, the result of the election was officially released.

　　The highest drop in drug prices reached 93%

　　Of the 33 varieties collected this time, 32 were successfully purchased, and a total of 100 products were selected. 122 enterprises participated, resulting in 77 enterprises to be selected. Compared with the lowest purchase price in the alliance area in 2018, the proposed bid price dropped by an average of 53%, with the highest drop reaching 93%.

　　After this round of centralized collection, it means that there are more commonly used drugs to reduce prices, that is, 25 drugs selected before, and 32 varieties this time. The 32 varieties contain many drugs that people are familiar with, such as acetaminophen, antibiotics amoxicillin, clindamycin hydrochloride, azithromycin and cefradine, acarbose and glimepiride for diabetes, metronidazole tablets for toothache, indapamide tablets for hypertension and bisoprolol fumarate. The price reduction of these commonly used drugs will benefit more patients. For example, Bayer Acarbose Tablets (50mg30 tablets), the original drug, with the trade name of Baitangping, is used in a very large amount among Chinese diabetics. This quotation is 0.18 yuan per piece, with a drop of more than 90%.

　　On the 17th, 122 of the 33 enterprises preparing to purchase varieties declared their prices, including the original research drugs and generic drugs that passed the consistency evaluation. Four original drugs were significantly reduced in price, and they were successfully shortlisted for the selected results.

　　This centralized procurement is still the general idea of "national organization, alliance procurement and platform operation", adhering to the principles of purchasing with quantity, integrating recruitment and procurement, and ensuring use, and taking conformity evaluation as the condition for the shortlisting of generic drugs. Medical institutions and retail pharmacies designated by medical insurance can participate voluntarily.

　　"The second batch of state-organized centralized purchasing manufacturers can be multiple, up to six, maintaining moderate competitiveness. According to the number of selected manufacturers, the dosage is agreed to be 50% to 80% respectively. At the same time, maintain a reasonable price gap between different selected enterprises for the same drug. Among the short-listed manufacturers to be selected, the lowest quotation is given priority to two regions to ensure the dosage and protect the enthusiasm of enterprises. " Ding Jinxi, a professor at China Pharmaceutical University said.

　　In the next step, all localities will focus on the implementation of the selected results, and patients are expected to use the selected drugs from April this year.

　　Guaranteed dosage of low-priced drugs

　　In the "4+7" pilot project, the original drug appeared "patent cliff" for the first time, and the price was greatly reduced. This collection was not unexpected. For example, the price of acarbose, Bayer’s diabetes drug, was reduced by more than 90%, and meloxicam tablets, Boehringer Ingerham’s drug for rheumatoid arthritis, was reduced by more than 80%.

　　However, some drugs that were originally low-priced in history have returned to low-priced positions in this collection, and the dosage has been guaranteed to ensure a stable supply. For example, acetaminophen is 0.03 yuan per tablet, metronidazole is 0.05 yuan per tablet, and amoxicillin is 0.05 yuan per tablet.

　　These prices are just a few cents, but they are not generally used by people. This is because for the convenience of bidding, enterprises quote in the smallest unit of preparation (tablets, granules, sticks and bags), while in real life, people pack drugs in boxes, bottles and other units. For example, the centralized purchase of acarbose from an enterprise, the proposed bid price of 0.18 yuan is the price of each tablet, while patients buy it in boxes, and the converted price is 5.42 yuan per box.

　　So, are these prices higher or lower than international prices?

　　Guangdong dongyangguang pharmaceutical co., ltd, in this centralized procurement, three products were shortlisted, and two products were ranked first, which was the lowest among the prices to be selected for this variety. Two products to be selected are moxifloxacin hydrochloride and olmesartan medoxomil, which were originally sold abroad and just listed in China. Among them, the proposed bid price of moxifloxacin hydrochloride is 6.66 yuan.

　　According to Chen Yangui, the executive director of the company, the centralized purchasing organized by the state has made the market return to rationality. The company has strong technical force and strong supply chain, and it has great advantages to return to the domestic market, so it participated in the second batch of centralized purchasing. "The quotation for the shortlisted qualification is similar to that in the European and American markets."

　　Inquire about the price of moxifloxacin hydrochloride of the same specification abroad, and the public price is RMB 8 yuan and 9 yuan. Feng Chang, a professor at China Pharmaceutical University, explained that the actual settlement price is often lower than the public price, and China has a large market share, so there is not much difference between the two. "Enterprise quotation has its own development strategy considerations, which are normal market behaviors."

　　Some experts estimate that in the past, the price of generic drugs in China was more than twice the international price. After purchasing with quantity, it returned to the international normal price. Expert research has found that the part that is higher than the reasonable price occurs in the intermediate link, which is not included in the quality links such as production and research and development. Squeezing out this part of water will not affect the quality of drugs, nor will it affect the development of enterprises.

　　An original research drug of Boehringer Ingerham, which has been on the market for more than 20 years, entered the scope of the proposed selection this time. The drug has already passed the patent period. Although the price has been reduced by 80%, the company originally sold it mainly in Shanghai, Beijing and some provincial capitals. After entering centralized purchasing this time, the sales market has expanded to half of China. "We actively participate in and cooperate with China’s national policies." Zeng Chenghui, head of the company’s regional expansion business department, said.

　　The person in charge of the National Pilot Office and the Joint Procurement Office believes that the main reasons for the sharp price reduction of selected drugs are as follows: the state organizes centralized procurement and use of drugs, which truly realizes the integration of procurement with quantity and recruitment, and gives clear expectations to pharmaceutical manufacturers, which is conducive to their independent quotation and declaration according to the purchase volume, squeezing out unreasonable virtual space; Further improve the procurement rules, and realize the function of market price discovery through open and sunny competition; Timely settlement of payment for goods significantly reduces the capital cost of enterprises and leaves room for price reduction.

　　By purchasing with quantity and ensuring the use, enterprises no longer need to carry out sales public relations, "a batch of low-priced drugs ‘ Resurrection ’ It is also a return to international practice. " The person in charge said.

　　The burden on patients is significantly reduced.

　　According to the person in charge of joint procurement, the "4+7" pilot project and expansion are progressing smoothly.

　　The implementation of procurement in pilot cities exceeded expectations and the agreed procurement volume was completed ahead of schedule. By the end of December 2019, the average procurement progress of 25 "4+7" pilot areas for selected drugs was 183%, and the selected drugs accounted for 78% of the purchases of drugs with the same generic name. All the expanded areas have started to implement the results of the expanded procurement in December, and patients all over the country have used the drugs selected by centralized procurement with high quality and low price.

　　Due to the sharp drop in prices, the burden on patients has been significantly reduced. In addition, judging from the situation in the "4+7" pilot areas, the proportion of people using generic drugs and original drugs that have passed the consistency evaluation has greatly increased from about 50% to over 90%, which has significantly improved the quality level of people’s drug use.

　　Chen Qiulin, director of the Social Security Research Office of the Institute of Population and Labor Economics of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that the centralized drug procurement organized by the state is different from the previous recruitment, and it is beneficial to patients, doctors, enterprises, medical insurance funds and other parties, forming a benign mechanism. "Centralized procurement based on the consistent evaluation of quality and efficacy has prompted enterprises to return to cost and quality competition and fundamentally improved the ecological environment of the pharmaceutical industry. At the same time, it becomes a push ‘ Three medical linkage ’ The important entry point, policy connectivity and synergy, play a superposition effect. "

　　The person in charge of the pilot office said that the next step will be to establish a normalized and standardized centralized procurement system based on the improvement of the "4+7" pilot and expansion and the experience of the second batch of countries in organizing centralized procurement and use of drugs, and to include more products in centralized procurement. "Let the new procurement model, marketing method and industry ecology become the leading forces."

　　According to Ding Yilei, deputy director of the Price and Procurement Department of the National Medical Insurance Bureau, the scope of centralized procurement was fully covered, and the varieties with sufficient competition and stable supply were selected for one tender and national implementation, and the rules were further improved. "In the future, according to the practice of this round of centralized procurement, the centralized procurement of drugs organized by the state will be normalized, and qualified varieties will be included in the scope of centralized procurement." (Our reporter Li Hongmei.)

　　Author: Professor He Qin of capital university of economics and business Institute of Labor Economics.

　　With the development of science and technology, a new round of scientific, technological and industrial revolution triggered by artificial intelligence will have a sustained, extensive and profound impact on China’s employment. Under the progress of artificial intelligence technology, how to fully implement the "employment priority" policy and achieve higher quality employment has become an important issue of "protecting people’s livelihood".

　　First, choose the "employment first" intelligent transformation development model

　　Different from the previous three technological revolutions, the technological progress of artificial intelligence has a stronger effect on empowering enterprises, improving quality and reducing costs, and increasing benefits, and has a more obvious effect on the multiplier effect of man-machine complementarity, the enhancement of workers’ ability and the improvement of employment quality. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the formulation of tax relief and financial subsidy incentive policies to promote the rapid application of artificial intelligence technology in new scenarios and traditional industries, create benefit sharing among stakeholders in the value chain, create a win-win space for all parties, and reduce obstacles to the application of new technologies. On the one hand, it forces technological innovation through landing application, and improves the usability and ease of use of technology. On the other hand, it promotes industrial intelligence through landing application, which promotes the expansion of employment and the improvement of employment quality, and then realizes the triple spiral of "intelligent industrialization, industrial intelligence and employment expansion".

　　In the strategic layout of artificial intelligence, the "dual" development model of vertical whole industrial chain cluster development and horizontal related industrial chains driven development is implemented, and employment is given priority, and a matrix employment priority strategy is established. On the one hand, the vertical whole industrial chain promotes employment as a whole, on the other hand, the horizontal related industries promote employment. Taking the intelligent driving industry as an example, its industrial chain includes vehicle manufacturing enterprises, large Internet enterprises, small intelligent driving innovation and entrepreneurship enterprises, service supporting enterprises and public departments. In the vertical direction, a vertical industry chain-driven employment model of "stable employment of large vehicle manufacturing enterprises+employment absorption of large Internet enterprises+creation of new jobs by small intelligent driving innovation and entrepreneurship enterprises, service supporting enterprises and public service departments" can be formed. In the horizontal direction, the application of intelligent driving technology in other industries can be used to promote employment. For example, the application in agriculture, mining, ports, urban transportation and other fields will drive employment horizontally.

　　In addition, support the emergence of new forms and models of artificial intelligence in new infrastructure, new scenes and industrial applications, such as a large number of data annotator jobs created by artificial intelligence basic data industrial bases in new infrastructure; Small-scale intelligent driving innovation and entrepreneurship enterprises that appear in the automatic driving application scenario include core sensor research and development, chip research and development, key algorithm research and development, emerging car-making enterprises and other technological innovation enterprises, start-ups and new business enterprises. It is necessary to encourage the development of these new forms and modes of enterprises, open up new employment space and enhance employment tension. At the same time, under the new development pattern that the domestic big cycle is the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promote each other, we will promote the intelligent transformation of the global supply chain and promote offshore outsourcing employment and the return of overseas returnees.

　　Second, activate the domestic consumer market and expand new foreign consumer markets

　　Employment is an induced demand. To expand employment, it is necessary to expand employment through the expansion of demand for products and services. With the application of artificial intelligence technologies such as computer vision, natural language processing, speech recognition, human-computer interaction, machine learning, knowledge map, biometric identification, virtual reality or augmented reality in products, enterprises will develop more new products and create more intelligent services according to market demand. Therefore, policies to expand the consumption of artificial intelligence products and services should be introduced as soon as possible. The second is to introduce policies to encourage the expansion of artificial intelligence to drive the consumption of industrial products and services. The application of artificial intelligence in different scenarios will change the whole social ecology, and a large number of new products and services will be created in this process. The third is to create new demands, promote new consumption to lead a new quality life, foster new intelligent employment forms and employment patterns, and promote diversified investment, so as to form a strong domestic artificial intelligence product and service market and better meet people’s new expectations for a better life in an intelligent society. Fourth, make use of the first-Mover advantage of China’s artificial intelligence in the application field, innovate more artificial intelligence products and services suitable for the international consumer market, formulate export incentive policies for artificial intelligence technologies, products and services, and smooth and expand the international market.

　　Third, create the expansion work "based on unique human skills"

　　The advantage of artificial intelligence is to discover laws from a large number of data, especially unstructured data, and help humans to complete repetitive and standardized work that can make decisions only by simple thinking. In terms of quantifiable and standardized programs, artificial intelligence is better than human beings. However, human beings have the uniqueness of thinking, creation, communication, emotional communication, cooperative spirit, curiosity, enthusiasm, like-minded driving force, emotion, understanding of good and evil, understanding of beauty and ugliness, and are better at engaging in creative work. Artificial intelligence and human beings are good at each other. It is expected that artificial intelligence will quickly occupy many standardization fields in the future, and human beings will find new areas of expertise in the supply of various differentiated and personalized products and services. According to the comparative advantages of man and machine mentioned above, the "people-oriented" work fields that human beings may expand in the future include: nursing work for the elderly, the infirm and the mentally ill; Basic education and special education; Experience economy work that serves individual needs; Handicrafts that meet the creative needs of young people, creative economy jobs such as VRMR game experience, etc., in addition, some new occupations have emerged, such as data annotator, intelligent manufacturing engineer, virtual reality engineer, artificial intelligence trainer, artificial intelligence trainer, drone assembly and adjustment worker, etc. The government should promptly formulate incentive policies to encourage society to create expansion jobs based on unique human skills.

　　Fourth, encourage non-standardization work in the process of intelligence.

　　The progress of artificial intelligence technology brings new employment forms, organizational forms and working methods. Non-standard employment is an inestimable field to absorb unemployed workers, which represents the originality and adaptability of the labor force. Develop a variety of non-standardized flexible employment methods to appropriately alleviate the employment pressure, increase the flexibility of the labor market, and meet the employment needs of different labor groups. At present, the flexible employment modes of international concern mainly include: part-time employment, short-term employment, dispatched employment, seasonal employment, standby employment, part-time employment, remote employment, contracted employment, independent employment, self-employment and family employment. In addition, in order to reduce the unemployment risk of artificial intelligence technology and alleviate inequality, we should choose to introduce active labor market policies, such as job incentives and employment assistance, so as to provide solutions for the surplus of low-skilled labor. The public sector or social organizations should indirectly provide employment opportunities for the unemployed, including temporary posts or short-term skills training courses. At the same time, workers should take the initiative to embrace new technology, use technology to find new opportunities, make up for the shortage of full-time jobs by engaging in freelance and part-time jobs, and alleviate the labor market tension caused by technological unemployment.

　　Secondly, with the application of artificial intelligence technology in digital platform, a large number of new employment forms, such as live broadcast, online literature, intelligent scene experience, etc., are often not fully covered by the current formal social security system, so the government’s social security supporting policies should be matched with it, so that the new non-standardized work brought by artificial intelligence can bring higher income level, freedom, satisfaction and happiness to workers, thus achieving higher quality employment.

　　Finally, we can consider using artificial intelligence technology to establish a flexible employment platform for digital talent supply and demand. Accurate matching through big data can reduce job search time, loosen restrictions on the free flow of talents and data, and provide free data to help workers find new opportunities, stimulate innovation and improve economic efficiency.

　　(This paper is the research achievement of the National Social Science Fund’s key topic: the research on the impact of artificial intelligence on the labor market and the transformation of workers’ knowledge and skills (19AGL025). )

Hangzhou next door is out of plums today. Is Shanghai this year?

Today is another day of "full heat". At 12 o’clock in the Shanghai Central Meteorological Observatory, a high -temperature yellow warning signal: Affected by the high pressure of the Western Pacific subtropical high pressure, it is expected that the highest temperature in the central urban area, Jiading, Minhang, Qingpu, Songjiang, Pudong, and Baoshan will exceed 35 ° C.

In the case of one, since June 22nd to today, there have been 3 high temperature days in Shanghai. According to the data released by the Shanghai Central Meteorological Observatory, the next week, Shencheng will also be on the edge of a subtropical high pressure. The highest temperature frequently impacts the high temperature line of 35 ° C, which is a week when the heat wave rolled.

Not only that, the good rainfall is going to "let the pigeons"! Dr. Rui Rui, the chief service officer of the Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, said that at present, the rain belt of Jiangnan will be lifted north next week, and the distance between the north is still very high. I am afraid that the rainfall next week will drift away again.

Why is Meiyu so "weird" this year? High temperature+rainy rain, is it the legendary "dry yellow plum"? In fact, in meteorology, there is no saying of "dry Huangmei". Similarly, the nouns such as "plum" and "empty plum". Wu Rui explained that this year’s Meiyu is "atypical Meiyu". Because the Jiangnan rain belt this year is relatively south, Shanghai is on the edge of the rain belt during this time. Over the city, Shencheng came to the control of the subtropical high pressure, and it was sunny and hot.

In the sense of meteorology, there is no "dry Huangmei", only "withered plum" and "empty plum". Wu Rui introduced that "withered plum" refers to the rainy date and the amount of precipitation on the rainy day, and when the rainfall is more than half lower than in previous years, it is called "withered plum"; Few, only a few times.

Hangzhou next door has announced that Mei has been announced today, so when will the "atypical Meiyu" in Shanghai go this year? Is it "dry plum" or "Kongmei" this year? It is also necessary to wait for the subsequent rain belt to judge again.

But it is certain that high temperature will last for a while. According to predictions, the lowest temperature next Monday and two cities will start from 28 ° C, and the maximum temperature will reach 35 ° C.